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일개 실내수영장의 공기 중 염소 및 트리할로메탄의 노출평가 및 환기 효율 평가
박해동,박현희,신정아,김태호,Park, Hae-Dong,Park, Hyun-Hee,Shin, Jung-Ah,Kim, Tae-Ho 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the air quality surrounding an indoor swimming pool, to estimate the cancer risk based on the airborne exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), and to examine the ventilation efficiency by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Chlorine and THMs were measured poolside, and in the staff room and reception area. The indoor swimming pool was modeled using the Airpak program, with ventilation drawings and actual survey data. Temperature, flow and mean age of the air were analyzed. Levels of chlorine poolside, and in the staff room, and reception area were $203\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $5\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $10\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant THM in all sampling sites and mean concentrations were $16.30\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.51\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, in the staff room and reception area, respectively. Bromodichloromethane and Dibromochloromethane levels were respectively estimated as $10.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, $1.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the staff room, and were not detected in the reception area. The cancer risks from inhalation exposure to THMs were estimated between $3.37{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-5}$. A short circulation phenomenon was observed from the supply air vents to the exhaust air vents located in the ceiling. A high temperature layer was formed within one meter of the ceiling, and a low temperature layer was formed under this layer due to the low velocity and high temperature of the supply air, and the improper locations of the supply air vents and exhaust air vents. The stagnation was evident at the above adult pool and the mean age of the air was 22 minutes. Disinfection by-products in the indoor swimming pool were present in higher concentrations than in the outdoor air. In order to increase the removal of pollutants, adjustment was required of the supply air volume and the supply/exhaust position.
고속도로 톨게이트 요금수납원의 작업환경 유해인자 노출평가
박해동 ( Hae Dong Park ),강준혁 ( Joon Hyuk Kang ),김준범 ( Joonbeom Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposures of cashiers who work at expressway tollbooths. Methods: We measured temperature(temp.), relative humidity(RH), and contaminants with direct reading instruments at ten expressway toll gate in September 2015. Elemental carbon was collected on the quartz filters and analyzed with an OCEC analyzer. Results: The average levels for temp., RH, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, dust(PM10), and black carbon were respectively 24.6~27.8℃, 32.3~65.3%, 0.5~1.2 ppm, 456~559 ppm, 12~111 ㎍/㎥, and 3.1~10.1 ㎍/㎥ at each tollbooth. The concentrations of elemental carbon within the tollbooth(1.8~7.2 ㎍/㎥) were lower than outdoors(2.5~10.0 ㎍/㎥), but exhibited a high correlation(r2=0.855). The exposure levels for carbon monoxide, black carbon, and elemental carbon in the tollbooths were significantly higher than the offices. The concentrations of black carbon and elemental carbon showed a high correlation(r2=0.756). Conclusions: The levels of contaminants were below the occupational exposure limits in the expressway tollbooth. There were ventilation and air conditioning systems in the booths, but it is necessary to maintain and use the systems properly.
이온크로마토그래피를 활용한 무기산류 정도관리 방법 연구
박해동 ( Hae Dong Park ),박승현 ( Seung-hyun Park ),정기효 ( Kihyo Jung ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop a quality control protocol of inorganic acids using ion chromatograph and to evaluate analytical proficiency of the legally designated agencies. Methods: This study prepared inorganic acid samples by injecting three anion certified solutions (chloride, nitrate, and sulfate) on the quartz filters. To investigate the storage stability and concentration consistency of the samples, 240 samples for each anion were tested at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 while storing at 4℃ and 25℃. To evaluate analytical proficiency, two separate testings were administrated for six skilled analysts and 46 analysts affiliated with legally designated agencies. Results: Average recoveries of the three ions after 16 weeks of storage were fairly high (over 95%). In addition, average recoveries (chloride = 97%, nitrate = 96%, and sulfate = 103%) after 16 weeks of storage at low temperate were relatively higher than those (94%, 93%, and 98%) at room temperature. The coefficients of variation (CV) for the three ions were less than 5% except for the sulfate sample at 5.56 ㎍ (CV = 12.4%). The average ratios of the concentration values analyzed by the legally designated agencies to the injected concentrations were close to 1. However, their CVs were relatively greater (chloride ≤ 49%, nitrate ≤ 14%, and sulfate ≤ 28%), which implies a need for quality control. Conclusions: The quality control protocol used in this study for the three inorganic acids can be utilized in the quality control for ion chromatography.
유무선 통신을 이용한 DCS 터미널 원격 감시 보드 설계 및 구현
박해동(Park Hae Dong),강전욱(Kang Jeon Wook),김재환(Kim Jae Hwan),이세훈(Lee Se Hoon) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2006 한국컴퓨터정보학회지 Vol.14 No.2
이 논문에서는 기존 개발된 일체형의 통합 터미널 보드의 유선방식을 배제하고 무선방식으로 자동제어시스템에서의 중요 신호에 대한 전체적 통합관리시스템 구축을 위한 DCS 터미널 원격 감시 보드를 설계 제작하고 제작된 보드의 동작을 테스트하기 위해 원격감시 프로그램을 구현하여 기능을 평가한다. 구현된 원격감시보드는 전원관리실의 각 릴레이들의 동작상태 및 릴레이와 퓨즈의 이상 유무를 실시간으로 확인이 가능하며 릴레이의 수명을 고려하여 릴레이의 고장을 사전에 예방함으로써 산업분야의 경제적인 효과가 기대된다. In this paper. we designed and implemented the DCS(Distributed Control System) terminal remote monitoring board for build total unified management system based wireless communication on automatic control system fields. Also. it tested and evaluated for check an usability and performance. The board monitored relay and fuse status at power management room real-time. Therefore, we expected economic effects extend relay life-time that pre-detected errors and prevented relay fault.