간호대학생의 문화적 공감과 간호전문직관의 관계에서 문화적 역량의 매개효과

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),박지현 ( Ji Hyun Park ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2021 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.16 No.1

Background : The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of cultural empathy, cultural competence and nursing professionalism and to investigate the mediating effect of cultural competence between cultural empathy and nursing professionalism in nursing students. Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A total of 139 participants was surveyed using a self-report questionnaires including general charactericis, a cultural empathy questionnaire, a cultural competence scale, and a nursing professionalism scale. The descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and a mediating effect analyses were used for data analysis. Results : The average score of cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were 3.86, 3.59, and 4.00, respectively. Positive correlations among cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were noted. Cultural competence showed a significant mediating effect on the relationships between emotional empathy and nursing professionalism and the relationship between cognitive empathy and nursing professionalism. Conclusion : Nursing students must recognize the necessity of multicultural nursing through multicultural education. Nursing students should have a nursing professional intuition capable of assessing and solving problems in subjects with diverse cultural backgrounds by encouraging cultural empathy and cultural competence for multiculturalism.

재선충 피해목을 이용한 TMP 제조 특성 연구

박진화(Jin-Hwa Park),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),이민석(Min-Seok Lee),이창영(Chang-Yeong Lee),류정헌(Jeong-Heon Ryu),박진홍(Jin-Hong Park) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2021 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

플라스틱 표면의 표면거칠기에 따른 손가락 마찰특성

박진화(J.H. Park),김승택(S.T. Kim),오창열(C.Y. Oh),우제용(J.Y. Woo),이영제(Y.Z. Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2014 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10

노후빈곤 완화를 위한 기초소득보장제도 연구: 스웨덴과 영국의 제도 변화를 중심으로

박진화 ( Park Jin Hwa ) 아시아문화학술원 2017 인문사회 21 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 노인들의 빈곤 완화를 위해 스웨덴과 영국의 노후기초소득보장제도의 변화를 연구하고 시사점을 찾고자 하였으며, 아울러 제도의 변화에 따라 나타나는 노인빈곤율 감소효과도 함께 살펴보았다. 연구자료는 문헌들과 LIS Data를 활용하였다. 연구결과, 스웨덴의 노후기초소득보장제도의 유형은 단층형에서 복층형으로, 그리고 다시 단층형으로 전환되었고 물가연동방식을 지속적으로 운영하였다. 반면 영국은 단층형에서 복층형으로 변화되면서 급여연동방식은 상황에 따라 다양하게 변화시켰다. 시사점을 살펴보면 첫째, 두 국가 모두 중추적 역할을 하는 공적연금을 보완하기 위해 범주형 선별부조제도를 도입하였다는 점이다. 둘째, 영국의 경우 급여수준의 변화를 위해 다양한 급여연동방식을 적용하고 논의하였다는 점이다. 셋째, 두 국가 모두 노인빈곤율이 높아지기 시작하는 시점에서 제도의 변화를 꾀하여 즉각적으로 적절하게 대응하였다는 점이다. 따라서 우리나라도 기초연금의 급여를 높이거나 급여방식을 임금연동으로 전환하여 전반적인 급여수준을 높이고, 국민기초생활보장제도를 범주형 선별부조제도로 재편하여 저소득층의 기초소득을 추가적으로 보장하는 것이 노인빈곤율을 낮추는 최선의 대응책이 될 것이다. This study aimed to seek for implications by researching the transitional process of operating method of the basic income guarantee system for the elderly in Sweden and the UK to relieve the elderly poverty of Korea. Moreover, it also examined the correlations between changes in the system operation and the rate of elderly poverty. In the results of the study, regarding the operating method, in Sweden, the type of the basic income guarantee system for the elderly was changed from flat system to duplex system and to flat system again while continuously operating the sliding method of price. On the contrary, in the UK, it was changed from flat system to duplex system, and the sliding method of benefits was diversely changed in accordance with conditions. In regard of implications, first, both countries introduced the categorical target assistance system to complement the public pension playing a pivotal role. Second, the UK applied and discussed diverse sliding methods of benefits for changes in the level of benefits. Third, when the rate of elderly poverty started increasing, both countries properly and instantly coped with it by attempting to change the system. Therefore, we should increase the overall benefits level by increasing the benefits of basic pension or changing the method of benefits to the sliding method of income, and also additionally guarantee the basic income of low-income class by reorganizing the national basic livelihood security system into the categorical target assistance system, which might be the best coping measures to lower the rate of elderly poverty.

CEL 변화에 따른 경량 Fine Bar Plate의 리파이닝 효과 연구 (II)-Sw BKP에서의 효과

박진화(Jin-Hwa Park),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),이민석(Min-Seok Lee),구호경(Ho-Kyung Goo),이창영(Chang-Yeong Lee),류정헌(Jeong-Heon Ryu) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2021 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.4

산림치유자원조사 표준지 선정에 관한 연구 - 한국산림복지진흥원 소속기관을 중심으로 -

박진화 ( Park Jin Hwa ),이경민 ( Lee Kyoung Min ),김선영 ( Kim Sun Young ),이창헌 ( Lee Chang Heon ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.2

Since 2000, the Basic Law on Forest and the Forest Culture Recreation Act has been enacted, and the paradigm of forest policy has been changing to 'Providing forest welfare and forest healing' using dense forests. However, forest surveys are still focused on forest surveys aimed at mass production of wood. Therefore, in this study, to secure the objectivity of selecting the standard site of forest healing resources survey, the existing method of selecting the standard site of forest investigation was compared with the literature, and the physical and environmental location of the standard site of forest healing resources survey through GIS analysis was analyzed for the current forest healing resources survey measurement point. As a result of literature survey, the National Forest Resources Survey was selected by the system extraction method, and the National Forest Survey tended to rely on the opinions and choices of experts. On the other hand, it is judged that the stratification extraction method among the standard site selection methods of the forest carbon offsetting project can be partially applied to the selection of the standard site of the forest healing resource survey. If we can figure out the method to quantify the opinions of experts and draw the standardization standard suitable for the forest healing resource survey, it is expected that reasonable standard selection method can be suggested. As a result of GIS analysis, it is considered that it is ideal to prepare standard site selection standards considering the user standard and physical environment standard at the same time. This means that it is necessary to study to index and quantify expert opinions and judgments in order to provide objective basis for selecting the standard site of the survey by experts. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the selection of the standard site for forest healing resources survey.

스웨덴과 영국의 노후기초소득보장제도 변화 연구: 제도의 유형과 운영방식을 중심으로

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2014 社會科學硏究 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 스웨덴과 영국의 노후기초소득보장제도의 변화를 제도의 유형과 운영방식을 중심으로 분석하고, 이러한 변화가 한국의 노후기초소득보장제도에 어떠한 시사점을 주는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석결과, 먼저 스웨덴의 경우 기초연금의 단일유형에서, 기초연금과 연금보충급여의 혼합유형, 그리고 1998년 이후 최저보증연금의 단일유형으로 변화해오면서 노후기초소득을 강화한 것으로 나타났다. 영국의 경우는 기초연금의 단일유형에서, 기초연금 과 고령자연금의 혼합유형, 1999년 이후는 기초연금과 고령자연금, 최저소득보장제도(연금 크레딧)의 혼합유형 형태의 다층소득보장 전략으로 변화해오면서 노후기초소득을 강화해온 것으로 나타났다. 시사점을 살펴보면, 첫째는 공적연금체계 내에서의 범주형 공공부조를 통 해 노후기초소득보장 급여수준의 적절성을 꾀하였다는 점이고, 둘째는 영국과 같이 수급자에게 유리한 급여연동방식으로의 변화를 꾀했다는 점이며, 셋째는 두 국가 모두 제도의 유 형에 관계없이 노후기초소득을 강화하였다는 점이다. 마지막으로 저소득층의 노후기초소득 보장에 대한 국가의 책임성이 강조되었다는 점이다. This study investigated how the basic income guarantee systems for the elderly in Sweden and the UK had been evolved in focus on types and operating mechanism of the systems. Consequently, this study aimed to understand which implications the changes in the systems of the two countries would provide the basic income guarantee systems for the elderly in South Korea. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in case of Sweden, the system was originated from a single type of the basic pension, it was changed to the mixed system in a complex type with the basic pension and the supplementary pension benefit. Since 1998, Since 1998, however, Sweden has been accepting a single type of the minimum guarantee pension, and that was a chance for the country to strengthen the basic guarantee system targeted to the elderly with low-income. The UK started the system in a single type of the basic pension, but the system was operated in a complex type of the basic pension and new elderly pension. In 1999, the UK developed the previous complex type which had included the basic pension and the elderly pension by adding the minimum income guarantee system(pension credits). Since then, the UK has been working on this complex type of the multi-pillar income guarantee strategies, and has been improving the basic income guarantee for the elderly with low income. The implications from study results are as follows. Firstly, the basic pension systems of 2 countries have appropriateness of benefits level in public pension systems throughout categorical public assistance. Secondly, it had been tried to change to sliding scale formula which was related with benefits for the elderly and profitable for them in UK. Thirdly, the income security was strengthen independently of institutional type in both countries. Finally, national responsibility was emphasized with the object of strengthening of basic income security for the elderly.

신사회적 위험 대응관점에서 본 한국의 일,가정 양립정책과 노인돌봄정책의 변화

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.4

본 연구는 신사회적 위험 대응관점에서 일·가정 양립정책과 노인돌봄정책에 대한 변화를 세 단계로 나누어 살펴보았다. 첫째, 1980년대 초반-1990년대 중반(구축단계)은 영유아보육법과 남녀고용평등법, 노인복지법이 제정되어 보육과 출산 및 육아, 노인돌봄이 국가책임으로 일부 이전되기 시작했다. 둘째, 1990년대 후반-2000년대 초반(발전단계)은 보육사업 중장기 종합발전계획이 수립되고, 모성보호관련 3법이 함께 개정되면서 고용보험제도 안에 출산휴가 및 육아휴직의 유급화가 도입되었으며, 노인돌봄정책이 활성화되기 시작되었다. 셋째, 2000년대 중반이후(확대단계)는 보육시설의 양적확대와 함께 부모휴가제도의 유형들이 추가로 신설되었으며, 노인장기요양보험제도가 도입됨으로써 명실상부한 노인돌봄정책으로 자리매김을 하였다. 따라서 아직도 일부 반론들이 있지만 2000년대 중반 이후 한국은 일·가정 양립정책과 노인돌봄정책에 대한 제도적 팽창을 경험하고 있어 신사회적 위험 대응관점에서 볼 때 복지국가에 진입해 있다고 할 수 있으며, 이제는 정책의 양적확대를 넘어 어떻게 질적 비약을 할 것인가를 생각해야할 단계라고 할 수 있다. policy by dividing them into three stages in the aspect of new social risk correspondence. First, in the early 1980s-middle of 1990s(establishment stage), the Infant Care Act, the Equal Employment Act, and the Welfare of the Aged Act were enacted, so that the childcare, childbirth, and elderly care started to be partially transferred to the responsibility of the state. Second, in the end of 1990s-the early 2000s(development stage), the general development plan for the long-term childcare project and three acts related to maternity protection were established, and the paid-maternity leave and paid-parental leave were introduced to the employment insurance system, which caused the vitalization of the elderly care policy. Third, after the middle of 2000s(expansion stage), the parental leave system was additionally founded with the quantitative expansion of childcare facilities. As the elderly long-term care insurance system was introduced, it was settled down as a true elderly care policy. Therefore, they can still have some objections, but since the mid-2000s, Korea’s work-family balance policies and got to experience both institutional expansion for elderly care policies have entered a welfare state when viewed from the perspective it corresponds New social risks. Thus, the policy to cope with new social risks is the stage to consider the quantitative expansion and also the qualitative improvement.

차세대 성능기반 내진설계법의 소개

박진화(Jin-Hwa Park),김영주(Young-Ju Kim),황정현(Jung-Hyun Hwang),안태상(Tae-Sang Ahn) 한국강구조학회 2017 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

연구논문 : 젠더평등 관점에서의 스웨덴 여성연금수급권 연구 -유급노동 수급권, 무급노동 수급권, 연금제도 규칙을 중심으로-

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 선진복지국가인 스웨덴의 여성연금수급권을 젠더평등 관점에서 유급노동 수급권과 무급노동 수급권, 그리고 연금제도 규칙을 중심으로 분석함으로써 한국의 여성연금수급권에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 유급노동 수급권에서는 평등한 여성고용정책, 전일제 고용과 시간제 고용에 대한 차별 없는 사회보험제도 적용,낮은 성별임금격차 등으로 공적연금 적용률에서는 젠더 격차가 거의 없었다. 그러나 아직도 다른 국가들보다는 낮지만 성별임금격차가 존재함으로써 연금수급액 측면에서는 젠더격차가 존재하고 있었다. 둘째, 무급노동 수급권에서는 아동양육과 가사노동에 대한 사회적 가치를 높게 인정하고 이를 여성연금수급권에 적극적으로 반영하고 있었다. 셋째, 연금제도 규칙에서는 남녀 간 불평등을 초래하는 연금규칙들이 폐지되어 젠더 불평등의 요소는 없었다. 한국에의 시사점으로는 연금수급권에서의 젠더평등을 구현하기 위해서는 유급노동자로서의 여성 지위가 향상이 되어 경력단절 없는 노동경력을 확보하고, 고유한 젠더차이에 입각한 돌봄노동에 대한 보상과 가사노동에 대한 경제적 가치가 연금제도 내에 현실적으로 반영되어야만 가능하다는 점이다. 결국 연금수급권에서의 젠더평등 정책이야 말로 여성의 노후빈곤 완화를 위한 근본적인 해결책이 될 것이다. This study looks into pension rights of women in Sweden from a viewpoint of gender equality focusing on these pension rights in relation to paid labor and unpaid labor and pension system rules and aims to find implications connected with these other pension rights of women in South Korea. Results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, as for the pension rights of paid labor, both a fair hiring system and a non-discriminatory social insurance program were established and add to that, these pension system regulations working against women were abolished. As a consequence, the study hardly found a difference between the two genders in connection with public pension application rates. However, until the present, even though a level of the gender difference was lower compared to other countries, a gender wage gap did exist, and that was why the study argued for the presence of gender difference in pension receipts. Second, in terms of the rights of unpaid labor, social value of household chores and child rearing was being highly evaluated, and they were definitely being reflected in the women’s pension rights. In regard to an implication, the study understands that only when every part of this society satisfactorily agrees to each other about how they need to improve women’s positions as paid labourers and this unique gender difference-based unpaid labor as well, the gender equality in the pension system will be finally realized.