儒佛兩家 經傳에 나타난 悔의 樣相

박완식(Park Wan-sik) 중앙어문학회 2006 語文論集 Vol.34 No.-

The definition of lamentation has been identified in terms of psychological generation by the influence of Sung Confucianism in the time of Song as remorse, penitence, and Buddhists also have conducted a psychological analysis of lamentation from the perspective of the virtue of repentance and Yusik as a core of execution. However, as for lamentation, it can be a matter that regret can be either good or bad, and thus, it cannot belong to any. It is viewed as three phases of good, bad, and Mugi by lamentation in the Yusik of Buddhism. This fully demonstrates that how we need to utilize regret, and we can obtain the following in training and educating ourselves. First, it is important to give motivation in educating regret, and as the good use of regret is necessary, there should be no disability of losing a self-reflection or have no troubled heart by being captured with agony and anguish coming from resentment and tenacity caused by regret internally, and neither be too emotional nor be connected to the commitment of reckless act and/or self-abandonment out of excessive passion externally. However, more importantly, the formalism that is coming from the compulsion of habituated regret and meaningless repentance by the repetition of making faults accompanies helplessness and Mugiseong; thus, is rather highly hurts mental growth and life. Therefore, it is indicated to be a taboo.

「화귀거래사(和歸去來辭)」의 성리학적(性理學的) 의식양상(意識樣相) - 간재(艮齋) 전우(田愚)의 학통(學統)을 중심으로 -

박완식 ( Park Wan-sik ) 한국어문교육연구회 2008 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.36 No.2

艮齋 田愚의 學統에 나타난 「화귀거래사」의 공통점은 모두 성리학에 그 의의를 두고 있다. 그들의 귀거래 의식은 크게 세 가지로 집약되는 바, 여생의 마지막으로 귀착해야할 곳[歸宿], 정신적 향유의 세계[歸趣], 그리고 자신의 고결한 인격의 지향[歸潔]이다. 梅山은 玄石江을 屈原의 汨羅水로 인식하여 獨淸獨醒의 몸으로서 천명의 자연에 귀의하려는 二元化의 세계를, 說齋는 젊은 학도를 대상으로 外勢를 경계하여 철저한 衛正斥邪의 華夷觀에 근거를 두고 있다. 後滄과 念齋는 일신의 고결한 삶에 중점을 두었다. 그들의 문장 또한 屈原의 楚辭體를 따르고 있다. 이는 현실세계를 초탈하여 이상의 동경을 극화한 것이다. 그들의 의식은 陶淵明의 귀거래를 범주로 하여 굴원의 獨淸獨醒의 고결한 정신을 담아 孔孟 經學과 程朱 性理學의 구현을 염원하였다. 그들의 이상세계는 그들의 고향땅이 아닌, 성현과 함께하는 인성회복에 그 초점을 맞추고 있다. Common points of Hwa Gui Geo Rae Sa(和歸去來師) which are shown in Kan Jae Jeon Woo's(艮齋 田愚) studies put the significance on the scholastic world of Sung Confucianism. Thier Gui Geo Rae (home- coming) consciousness is integrated into the three parts : the place where they return last for the rest of their lives, mentally oriented world, and their noble characters. Mae San(梅山) recognized Hyn Seok Gang(玄石江) as Gul Won's(屈原) Myuk La Su(汨羅水) and showed his dualistic world that he had to be devoted to with a noble body, Youl Jae(說齋) asked young scholars to keep watch foreign influences, which was based on the thorough Wi Jeong Chuk Sa's(衛正斥邪) Hwa-I Kwan(華夷觀) - china's world view that sees the world as Hwa for china and I for barbarians. Unlike alert against the positive welfare, Hu Chang(後滄) and Youm Jae(念齋) depended on the one's noble life. So their words also followed Gul Won's(屈原) Cho Sa Style(楚辭體). It maximized their ideal longings which rose above the real world. Like this, their consciousness came under Do Yeon Myoung's(陶淵明) Gui Geo Rae(homecoming)(歸去來), incorporated Gul Won's(屈原) lonely clear(獨淸獨醒) and noble minds, and longed for the embodying the study of Confucian(孔孟 經學) and Mencius classics and Sung Confucianism(程朱 性理學). Therefore, their ideal worlds were focused not on their homeland but on the recovery of human nature with sages.

武陵桃源의 認識變移樣相

朴浣植(Park, Wan Sik) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2012 동양한문학연구 Vol.34 No.-

<桃花源記>는 유토피아의 세계이다. 그러나 이는 도연명 그 자신의 사실적 기록으로 유가의 절의사상과 도가사상이 융합된, 小國寡民의 太古政治를 지향한 그의 의식을 반영한 것이다. 그 후 桃花源은 보다 더 신선화되어 天仙이 유배 온 仙界, 즉 地仙으로 인식되었다. 삼신산의 불로초를 현실공간에서 찾음으로써 鍊丹에 의한 장생불사를 추구한 것이다. 그러나 宋明理學의 발전으로 도화원은 자아의 마음을 이상향으로 설정하여, 곧 자아에서 이를 찾기에 이르렀지만 작가에 따른 유가와 불가사상의 수용 여하에 따라 자아에 대한 인식이 달랐기에 이상향 역시 똑같은 것만은 아니었다. 유가 내부에서도 다르고, 똑같이 불가사상을 수용하여도 작가의 개성에 따라 달랐다. 이는 진시황 당시 海外의 三神山에서, 地上의 仙界를 추구하기에 이르렀다가 다시 主觀唯心主義에 의해 자아의 마음을 선계로 인식한 때문이다. Peach Blossom Valley means the world of Utopia in general. It, however, means another world too. Story of the Peach Blossom Valley by Tao Yenming shows his reality based recording that mixes the Confucian idea of Jeoleui (節義; integrity) and Taoism. That is, it makes the earth an ideal world that can be realized under Confucian social order. Since his work of such was written, Peach Blossom Valley had been recognized as the world of Taoist hermits, which was the earth of Taoist hermits that had been formed by the Taoist hermits of Heaven who had left heaven for those who had been longing for such world of Taoist hermits on the earth. It was, however, no more than the pedantry current of the period of Wei and Jin. The progress of Neo-Confucianism, however, later had people look for Peach Blossom Valley from not an unrealistic space but their egos by setting the ideal world at their own minds. In the period of Qin Shi Huang (the 1st emperor of Qin), the people began to seek the world of Taoist hermits in Samshinsan (三神山: three mountains of gods) overseas and then on the earth. Finally, they moved it into their own egos. That is, their thoughts had been changed by the change of ideas as the era changed with new authors appearing. As a result, their ideal also had been changed.

논문(論文) : 조선조 성리학자 윤지(尹指)의 『둔옹연소천지문답(鈍翁演小天地問答)』에 나타난 의학사상 연구

조원준 ( Won Joon Chough ),박완식 ( Wan Sik Park ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2007 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.20 No.4

오존산화공정을 이용한 염색폐수 색도저감

신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이상헌 ( Sang Hun Lee ),조석진 ( Seog Jin Jo ),류승한 ( Seung Han Ryu ),박준형 ( Jun Hyung Park ),이선호 ( Sun Ho Lee ),박완식 ( Wan Sik Park ),김경호 ( Kyung Ho Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2011 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-

漢文 敎科書 內의 漢詩 分析 硏究 : 第7次 高等學校 漢文 敎科書를 중심으로

박완식,김창용,김상곤,김유태,정인덕 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 2001 敎育論叢 Vol.16 No.-

전자빔을 이용한 공기중 VOC 분해반응 특성

원양수,한도흥,박완식,Tatiana Stuchinskaya,이홍승 영남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.1

공기중 휘발성유기화합물의 처리를 위해 전자빔 가속기를 이용하여 Trichloroethylene(TCE)의 분해특성에 대해 연구하였다. TCE를 포함한 공기는 서로 다른 반응분위기, 초기농도의 변화, 수증기 존재유무와 같은 변수하에서 분해실험이 행해졌다. 산소를 반응분위기가스로 사용하였을 경우 최대분해율이 나타났는데, TCE 초기농도 2000 ppm에 대해 20kGy에서 99%의 분해율을 보였다. TCE 농도는 산소와 공기 조건하에서 지수함수적으로 감소했으며, TCE 분해효율에 대한 수증기 효과가 행해졌다. 수증기 (5600ppm) 존재하에서 TCE분해율은 수증기가 존재하지 않을 경우보다 약 10% 높게 나타났다. 1차 생성물로 Dichloroacetic acid, Dichloroacethyl chloride, Dichloroacethyl ester acetic acid 등이 생성되었고 분해와 산화반응을 통해 CO, CO2로 전환되었다. 또한 Perchloroethylene, Hexachloroethane, Chlorofona Carbon tetrachloride와 같은 과염소탄소 화합물이 생성되었다. Decomposition of trichloroethylene (TCE) in electron beam irradiation was examined in order to get information on treatment of VOC/air. Air containing vaporized TCE has been studied in a flow reactor with different reaction environments, various initial TCE concentration and in presence and absence of water vapor. Maximum decomposition was observed in oxygen reaction environment and degree of decomposition was about 99 % at 20 kGy for 2000 ppm initial TCE. The concentration of TCE exponentially decreased with dose in oxygen and air. The effect of water vapor on TCE decomposition efficiency was examined. The decomposition of TCE in presence of water vapor (5600 ppm) was by ca. 10% higher than in absence of water vapor. Dichloroacetic acid, dichloroacethyl chloride and dichloroethyl ester acetic acid which were identified as primary products, were decomposed and oxidized to give CO and CO2. Perchloroethylene, hexachloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were also observed as highly chlorinated products.

흐름 반응기에서 전자빔에 의한 방향족 휘발성 유기화합물의 분해

장재혁,배준석,김병남,박완식,김숙동,원양수,한도흥 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

Oxidative decomposition of aromatic volatile organic compounds(VOCs), toluene and chlorobenzene, were tested in flow reactor under the irradiation of electron bcam. The maximum flow rate and concentration were 20 1/min and 1000 ppm on a basis of volume, respectively. The radistion was carried out under atmospheric pressure and room tempcrature. Main carrier gas was air, and to improve the removal efficiency of VOC, hydrogen pcroxide was added into the mixture of air and VOC.In this work, the removal cfficiencies werc 87.6% and 67.4% at 120 kGy for 100 ppm of toluene and chlorobenzene, respectively As increasing initial concentration of VOC , higher dosage was required for removal of the VOCs.When pure oxtgen being used instead of air, the removal efficiency could be increased additionally by about 40% for high concentrations of VOC . Addition of 28% aqueous hydrogen peroxide could improve the removal efficiency for VOCs. A largc amount of acrosol. which molecular weight may be much higher molecular weight than VOCs, was produced in a course of oxidative decomposition of VOCs.