한국기업의 FDI 의사결정과 투자대상국의 지적재산권 보호에 대한 연구

박건영 ( Kon Young Park ),오대혁 ( Dae Hyuk Oh ) 국제지역학회 2007 국제지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 국내 상장기업의 투자대상국의 지적재산권 보호 수준이 한국기업의 FDI 의사결정에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 지적재산권과 관련한 이론적 정책적 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 2001년에서 2004년 사이에 대하여 상장기업의 해외현지법인 자료를 이용하여 FDI 실시여부를 종속변수로 하는 probit 모형을 분석에 이용하였고 분석모형에 지적재산권 보호 지수의 제곱 항과 국가특성 및 모기업특성 변수를 포함시켰다. 분석결과를 보면, 전체 표본에 대한 분석에서 지적재산권 보호 지수와 FDI 발생 확률 사이에 비선형(U자형)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 투자대상국의 지적재산권 보호 수준이 일정한 수준에 도달하기 이전에는 보호 수준이 증가할수록 FDI를 실시할 확률이 감소하지만 그 수준을 지나고 나면 보호 수준 증가에 따라 FDI 실시 확률이 증가한다고 할 수 있다. 이는 일정한 보호 수준 이하의 낮은 지적재산권 보호를 제공하는 개도국에 대해서는 보호 강화에 따라 FDI가 감소하고 일정 수준 이상의 보호를 제공하는 선진국에 대해서는 FDI가 증가하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 산업별 FDI에 대한 분석결과를 보면, 제조업의 FDI는 외국의 지적재산권 보호와 비선형의 관계를 갖지만 도소매업의 경우는 보호 수준에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타나서 지적재산권 보호는 제조업 FDI의 의사결정에 있어서 더 큰 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. In this research, we want to examine the effects of foreign intellectual property rights(IPRs) protection on the foreign direct investment(FDI) decision of Korean listed firms. In empirical analysis, we have adopted probit model with the oversea subsidiaries data during 2001~2004, and included square term of IPRs index in model to check non-linearity. According to the results, first, there is nonlinear relationship(especially U-type) between foreign IPRs protection level and FDI decision of Korean firms. Therefore, strengthening of foreign IPRs protection results in decreasing of probability of FDI up to a certain protection level, but FDI can increase beyond this level. This relationship also means that the higher IPRs protection is, the more FDI in developed countries, but not so in developing countries. Second, the effect of foreign IPRs protection have varied with industries. Specially, there is more evident relationship in manufactures than in sales or distribution industry. From these results, we conclude that the effects of foreign IPRs protection differ with the host countries and industries, and these differences must be considered in Korea policy toward foreign IPRs.

한국의 지역별 수출시장 접근성이 임금격차에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국무역학회 2013 貿易學會誌 Vol.38 No.1

한국의 지역별 수출의 비교우위 구조 분석

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2010 관세학회지 Vol.11 No.1

In order to analyze the comparative advantage structure of regional exports of Korea, I regressed the comparative advantage index of regional exports (RCA index) on the factor intensity of industries with the data of 2000 and 2000, based on factor proportions theory. The result of cross-sectional analysis told that there is comparative advantage of regional exports in the industries featured with high economies of scale and physical capital intensity. But the result on non-skill labor intensity variables varied with whether regional or industrial dummy variables were included or not. This results mean that the structure of regional exports of Korea could differ from the one of country exports. From the analysis with growth rate between 2000 and 2000. I could conclude that the RCA index had increased in the industries whose the degree of economies of scale, physical capital intensity and non-skill labor intensity had grown.

APEC 회원국의 지적재산권 출원과 보호수준 분석

박건영(Kon-Young Park),박형래(Hyung-Rae Park) 한국관세학회 2008 관세학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The goal of this paper is to draw implications for the discussion of intellectual property rights(IPRs) protection within APEC area by analysis of IPRs application, development ability, IPRs protection of APEC members comparing with EU. According to data of IPRs, APEC has three different characteristics with respect to EU. First, APEC has the higher share than EU in IPRs application. Second, APEC, however, has the lower ability of development and level of IPRs protection than EU. Third, above all, APEC has the larger variation between member countries than EU. These results tell us that the proper regulations for IPRs protection in APEC is needed, but it's very difficult for the members to agree on the proper rules. It means that APEC members must try to reduce the gap between developed and developing countries in area for the successful discussion on the regional IPRs protection. For example, developed countries may support the development of developing countries and developing countries may reform the laws and institutions related with IPRs and try to guarantee the substantial and effective enforcement of laws.

비교우위 원리와 공정무역의 조화에 관한 연구

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study is intended to show that the comparative advantage and fair trade are a sort of complementary relation not a conflict one, based on the analysis of higher price(or fair price), which is one of the core policy of fair trade movement, with the theory of production externalities. The main results are two. First, the comparative advantage principle is the base of necessity of fair trade movement. Because, if fair trade movement seeks the economic development of low-income countries through the international trade, the comparative advantage principle can explain logically the reason of international trade and the source of gains from trade. Second, the higher price(fair price) can be regarded as the economic policy to support the output growth in the sector generating positive externalities. If fair trade goods contribute to generate positive externalities in low-income countries, it will be helpful to the economic development of those countries to increase the production of fair trade goods through higher price(fair price).

게임이론 모형을 이용한 여행자 통관의 자진신고 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.3

In this study, I have tried to investigate the factors that affect the ratio of voluntary declaration in passenger’s clearance under the equilibrium of passenger’s clearance game. To achieve this purpose, I changed the passenger’s baggage clearance process into the imperfect information game model and applied the concept of (perfect) Bayesian equilibrium. According to the equilibrium of game, the ratio of voluntary declaration is directly proportional to cost(tariff, fine, etc) of carrying goods in excess of duty free allowance and prior common belief on the ratio of passengers having goods in excess of duty free allowance, and inversely proportional to passenger’s baggage inspection cost of customs. Based on the equilibrium of game, I have suggested several policy plans to increase the ratio of voluntary declaration in passenger’s clearance

중력모형과 한국의 지역 간 교역규모

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.1

In this study, we have analyzed the industrial trade volume between regions of Korea using the gravity model, which is adapted mainly in international trade theory. Our main goals in this study are to check the applicability of gravity model to inter-regional trade in one country and to analyze the industrial determinants of trade volume between regions. Main results are as followings : First, overall empirical results imply that it is appropriate to apply the gravity model for inter-regional trade in one country. Second, the model of imperfect competition market with restricted entry will be more successful to explain trade volume between regions in manufacturing industry. Third, for the service industry, the model of monopolistic competition market with free entry is more appropriate. This result means that the degree of differentiation in service industry is relatively larger than that of manufacturing industry. Considering that trade volume between regions ultimately reflects the industrial decision on location and consequent geographical distribution of industry, results in this study mean that there is a close relationship between the industrial characteristics and the industrial location decision.

할당관세의 후생효과에 대한 연구

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.3

In this study, we have analyzed welfare effects of tariff rate quotas on sugar based on the welfare effects model of tariff. The goals of tariff rate quotas are generally the stabilization of supply-demand and domestic price level through the increase in imports caused by lowering tariff rate on the specific import goods Looking at the result of analysis on sugar, after application of tariff rate quotas, import of sugar increased, unit price of import fell and domestic price of sugar was stabilized. From those circumstances, tariff rate quotas on sugar seemed to have attained a desired effects. But, it maybe makes more sense that most of those effects were resulted by the stabilization of international price of raw sugar or the increase in production and exports of sugar in main countries. Meanwhile, sugar industry has a typical oligopoly market structure which is dominated by three large companies. Thats why the price of domestic sugar goods did not significantly drop, despite the increase in sugar imports and a decline in the unit price of import and raw sugar prices, but rather domestic sales volume of sugar production enterprises increased slightly. Consequently, it is hard to accept that application of tariff rate quotas on sugar had significant contribution to the economic welfare increase, despite the increase in sugar import and a decline in domestic price. And it maybe caused by the oligopolistic structure of the sugar industry.

한국 수출의 결제방식 결정요인에 관한 연구

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2013 관세학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Because almost of them has adopted the survey methodology, previous researches on the export payment methods had the limitation that they included small number firms. In this study, in order to overcome this limitation, I have empirically analysed the determinants on the choice of export payment methods based on the share of payment methods of total export, and the export countries’ characteristics and export data of Korea. According to the results, first, the share of remittance increased for the export countries of low risk and the letter of credit method was more chosen for the high risk countries. Second, in the export to the developed countries, where the competition is relatively intense and the competitiveness of Korea is relatively weak, the remittance scheme was preferred, but to the developing or less developed countries, where the competitiveness of Korea is relatively strong, letter of credit basis occupied a larger proportion. Third, the characteristics of export industries or items have affected the selection of payment methods. It means that as with previous studies, the consideration about the credit risk of counterparties and export countries’ characteristics has a large impact on the choice of payment method of total export of Korea.

한국의 지역간 거래에 기초한 불완전경쟁 무역이론의 검증

박건영(Kon-Young Park) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In this study, I have attempted to empirically verify the imperfect competition trade theory based on Helpman(1987) and Debaere(2005) model using the data of inter - regional trade of Korea, By those data , I have expected that we can avoid the limitation to classify countries into developed and developing countries in previous studies and that we can analyze more specifically the role of economies of scale or product differentiation in the imperfect competition trade theory by allowing the industry analysis. According to the results of this study, the empirical model based on the imperfect competition trade theory can explain the trade volume between regions of Korea. In addition, judging by the result that empirical model of this study gives us a better picture of trade volume of manufacture than one of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, existing argument that imperfect competition trade model is more appropriate to explain the trade due to economies of scales or product differentiations has been proven again. These results are seem to suggest significant implication, which it may be possible to apply imperfect competition trade model to the future research on industrial distribution and concentration in Korea.