서울 남산지역을 중심으로 입자상 오염물질의 입경 영역간 관계를 조절하는 요인들에 대한 연구

마영일(Young-Il Ma),김기현(Ki-Hyun Kim),김민영(Min-Young Kim),선우영(Young Sunwoo) 서울연구원 2004 서울도시연구 Vol.5 No.3

수도권 대기환경개선 특별대책의 통합적 관리방안 마련

선우영(Young Sunwoo),마영일(Young Il Ma),김유정(Yoo Jung Kim),김혜민(Hye Min Kim),유준영(Jun Young Yoo),김수향(Su Hyang Kim),남중식(Jung Sik Nam),정용원(Yong Won Jung),한세현(Se Hyun Han),홍지형(Ji Hyung Hong),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2006 대한환경공학회지 Vol.28 No.11

도로이동오염원 대기오염 저감대책에 의한 수도권 지역 계절별 질소산화물 개선효과

김유정(Yoo Jung Kim),정혜선(Hye Seon Jeong),김수향(Suh Yang Kim),마영일(Young Il Ma),이우근(Woo Keun Lee),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim),선우영(Wooyoung Sun) 大韓環境工學會 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.5

수도권지역의 대기오염을 개선하기 위해 수도권 대기환경 개선에 관한 특별법이 제정되었고 2005년부터 시행되었다. 그 결과 수도권의 대기질은 개선되었으나 각 대책의 평가에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이에, 본 연구는 도로이동오염원의 배출량 저감정책이 질소산화물의 농도저감에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ 모델 시스템을 이용하여 수치모사를 수행하였다. 2007년 수도권 NO(x) 저감 배출량은 16,561톤으로서 4.7%의 저감률을 보였다. 여러 대책 중 제작차 배출허용기준강화 대책이 가장 효과적이었다. 지역별 삭감실적은 차이가 커서 서울의 삭감률은 인천과 경기의 약 2배에 달하였다. 결과적으로 NO(x) 저감의 효과는 서울 도심에 집중적으로 나타났다. 이동오염원 저감대책에 의하여 서울의 NO₂ 농도는 연평균 0.60 ppb (2.0%)저감되었고 인천과 경기는 각각 0.18 ppb (1.5%), 0.22 ppb (1.7%)가 저감되었다. 봄과 겨울의 저감농도는 여름과 가을에 비해 1.5~2.0배 정도 높았다. 도심과 풍하지역으로의 NO₂ 저감효과 분산때문에 도심지역의 NO(x) 배출량 저감이 직접적인 NO₂ 농도 저감에 효과적이지 않았다. In order to improve air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the "Special Act on Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement" has been enforced since 2005. The strategy has resulted in some reduction of air pollution, but there has not been much research into the quantitative impact analysis of each separate preventive countermeasure. Therefore, we analyzed nitrogen oxide reduction resulting from implementation of the emission control plan for on-road mobile sources. The MM5- SMOKE-CMAQ model system was employed for air quality prediction. Reduced NO(x) emissions for SMA was 16,561 ton, 4.7% of reduction rate, in 2007. One countermeasure, tighter acceptable standards for manufacturing vehicles, dominated other countermeasures for effective NO(x) emission control. Large spatial differences in reduced emissions, those for Seoul being twice that of Incheon and Gyeonggi, showed greater NO(x) emission reduction impact in the heart of the metropolitan complex. The NO₂ concentration decreased by 0.60 ppb (2.0%), 0.18 ppb (1.5%), and 0.22 ppb (1.7%) in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi, respectively. Concentration decreases in spring and winter were larger, 1.5~2.0 times, than summer and fall. However, the NO₂ reduction impact did not correspond directly to local NO(x) emission controls in the city area because of the natural flow and dispersion, both urban and downwind.

미세입자 (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>)의 질산염 (NO₃⁻) 휘발 특성 분석

김유정(Yoo Jung Kim),정성운(Sung-Woon Jung),강충민(Choong-Min Kang),마영일(Young-Il Ma),김수향(Suhyang Kim),우정헌(Jung-Hun Woo),선우영(Young Sunwoo) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.5

신이식 환자의 말초혈액 림프구에서 Perforin , Fas - ligand 와 Granzyme B 의 발현

신규태(Gyu Tae Shin),김승정(Seung Jung Kim),마경애(Kyung Ai Ma),김정은(Jung Eun Kim),이종우(Jong Woo Lee),김흥수(Heung Soo Kim),이태승(Tae Seung Lee),오창권(Chang Kwon Oh),최영일(Young Il Choi),김도헌(Do Hun Kim) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.3

배 경 : 최근의 여러 연구를 통하여 신이식 환자의 급성거부반응 시에 세포독성 물질들의 발현이 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 저자 등은 신이식 환자의 말초 혈액 림프구에서 perforin, granzyme B와 Fas ligand(FasL)의 mRNA 발현을 순차적으로 검사하여, 이들이 급성 거부반응을 진단할 수 있는 지표로서 유용한지 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 말초혈액 림프구를 신이식후 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12일에 환자의 혈액으로부터 분리하여, perforin, granzyme B, FasL의 mRNA에 대한 발현 정도를 competitive polymerase chain reaction으로 평가하였다. 결과는 β-Actin의 값으로 나누어 보정하였다(fg/pg). 대조군에서 perforin, granzyme B, FasL 각각의 평균값+2×표준편차를 기준상한치로 설정하였다. 결 과 : Perforin mRNA 발현의 평균치는 대조군(8명, 47개)에 비해 급성거부반응 군(7명, 41 개) 에서 현저히 높게 나타났다(1.84±3.01 vs 0.71±0.48, p=0.01). 기준상한치(1.67)를 초과하는 perforin mRNA 발현의 수도 급성거부반응군에서 현저히 높았다(12/41 vs. 1/47, p=0.0003). 급성거부반응 군에서 5명이 기준상한치를 초과하는 perforin mRNA 발현을 보인 반면(5명/7명, 71.4%), 대조군에서는 한 명만이 이러한 결과를 보였다(1명/8명, 12.5%, p=0.02). 거부반응 0-1 일째의 perforin mRNA 발현이 연구 기간 중 가장 높게 나타났다. Granzyme B와 FasL mRNA 발현은 급성거부반응 시기와 일정한 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 본 연구에서 말초혈액 림프구의 perforin mRNA 발현이 급성거부반응시에 유의하게 증가되었으며, perforin mRNA 발현을 급성거부반응의 진단에 이용할 가능성을 제시하였다. Background : Previous findings demonstrated that the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules is increased in acute rejection of renal allografts. In the present study, we serially examined the gene expression of perforin, granzyme B and Fas ligand(FasL) in peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) of renal allograft recipients to assess the potential of their expression as a marker of acute rejection. Methods : PBLs were isolated from blood samples taken on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 after transplantation. Competitive PCR was performed to evaluate the abundance of mRNA of perforin, granzyme B and FasL. The mean value of each molecule plus 2 SD for the control group was set as a discriminatory level. Results : When all measured samples were compared, perforin expression was significantly higher in patients with acute rejection than in the control group(1.84±3.01 versus 0.71±0.48, p=0.01). The percentage of perforin expression exceeding the discriminatory level was also significantly higher in patients with acute rejection(p=0.0003). Five patients in the rejection group(5/7, 71.4%) showed perforin expression exceeding the discriminatory level, while only 1 patient in the control group did so(1/8, 12.5%)(p=0.02). Perforin expression of days 0 and 1 of rejection crisis was the highest over the study period. No consistent pattern of granzyme B and FasL expression was identified in relation to rejection crisis. Conclusion : Gene expression of perforin by PBLs was upregulated in accordance with acute rejection, thus offering the possibility that it may be utilized as a marker of acute rejection.

고유량 고효율 혈액투석막 재사용의 임상경험

조현경(Hyeon Kyeong Cho),김승정(Seung Jung Kim),임병국(Byong Kook Im),정혁준(Hyuck Joon Chung),최영일(Young Il Choi),마경애(Kyoung Ai Ma),신규태(Gyu Tae Shin),김흥수(Heung Soo Kim),김도헌(Do Hun Kim) 대한신장학회 2001 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.20 No.3

N/A N/A

IgA 신병증에서 혈청 면역글로불린 A 의 유용성

김명성(Myeong Sung Kim),신규태(Gyu Tae Shin),임현이(Hyun Ee Yim),김승정(Seung Jung Kim),신승수(Seung Soo Sheen),마경애(Kyoung Ai Ma),조남한(Nam Han Cho),최영일(Young Il Choi),김흥수(Heung Soo Kim),김도헌(Do Hun Kim) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.1

배 경 : 면역글로불린 A (Immunoglobulin A, 이하 IgA) 신병증은 가장 흔한 사구체신염으로 알려져 있다. IgA 환자의 30- 50%에서 혈청 IgA 농도가 증가하지만 혈청 IgA 측정이 갖는 IgA 신병증 진단의 유용성에 대해서는 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 방 법 : 1994년 6월부터 1998년 12월까지 아주대학교병원에 내원하여 신조직 검사를 시행한 전체환자 333명 중 혈청 IgA 농도를 측정한 270명을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 혈청 IgA 농도의 정상치의 상한 값인 365 ㎎/dL를 초과하는 환자 수는 IgA 신병증 환자들에서는 80명 중에 32.5%인 26명이었으며, 나머지 환자들에서는 190명 중에 8.9%인 17명이 혈청 IgA치가 365 ㎎/dL를 초과하였다(p<0.001). 혈청 IgA 농도 증가에 따라 IgA 신병증 진단에 대한 민감도는 감소하며, 특이도는 증가하는 관계를 나타내었다. 혈청 IgA농도 1 ㎎/dL에 대해 IgA 신병증으로 진단 받을 위험도(Risk ratio)는 1.0025였다(p- value 0.0043). 또한 혈청 보체치가 저하되지 않은 환자만을 대상으로 하였을 경우 이러한 위험도는 1.0079로 더욱 상승하였다. 그러나 혈청 IgA 농도와 신조직 면역형광 소견과는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 혈청 IgA 농도 측정이 IgA 신병증 진단 추정에 유용함을 보여 주었고, 이러한 결과는 특히 신 조직 검사가 적합하지 않은 환자에서, 혈청 IgA 농도, 보체 등을 이용하여 IgA 신병증 진단을 추정하는데 임상적으로 도움을 줄 수 있다. Background : Immunoglogulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease throughout the world. 30-50% of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have high serum IgA concentrations. However, we do not know if the degree of elevation in IgA level increases the likelihood of having IgAN. Neither do we know if the IgA level has any association with pathological findings of IgAN. Methods : We analyzed the relationships between IgAN and the levels of serum IgA which has been a routine part of the study in all patients with glomerulonephritis in our institution for the last 4 years. We reviewed 270 patients in whom the pathological diagnosis and the results of their IgA levels were both available. Results : Of 80 patients who were IgA nephropathy, 26 patients (32.5%) had higher than normal cutoff value of serum IgA (385 ㎎/dL). In contrast, 8.9% of patients with other types of glomerulonephropathies showed the values above normal(p<0.0001). The risk ratio for an increase of one unit of the IgA level was 1.0025(logistic regression, p=0.0043), which was increased to 1.0079 when patients with low complement levels were excluded from the analysis. The data were also analyzed according to the immunofluorescence microscopic findings of IgAN, which were found to have no significant correlation with IgA concentrations. Conclusion : The IgA level is a risk factor for IgAN throughout the whole range. However, it does not correlate with the IgA deposition in the renal tissue. We believe that this study will help understanding the interpretation of IgA levels in patients with IgAN.

고유량 고효율 혈액투석막 재사용의 임상경험

조현경,김승정,임병국,정혁준,최영일,마경애,신규태,김흥수,김도헌 대한신장학회 2001 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.20 No.3

Wegener`s granulomatosis 환자에서 발생한 cyclophosphamide 에 의한 폐독성 1 예

김흥수,이진호,박경주,최영일,임현이,최영인,김도헌,엄철,마경애,한명호,신규태 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.61 No.4

$quot;Lung toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide use is a rare but serious side effect, that may result in a fatal course. However no such cases have been reported in Korea, so clinicians would not be alert to this adverse effect. We recently experienced a woman with Wegener's granulomatosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This patient had been administered 12 grams of cyclophosphamide for 4 months. At that time of admission, She felt aggravating dyspnea on exertion for 2 weeks. Her chest X-ray and high resolution CT revealed aggravated reticular opacities and ground glass appearances. Dyspnea was improved and ground glass appearances on HRCT was disappeared after discontinuation of cyclophosphamide. We diagnosed this case as cyclophosphamide-induced pneumonitis and report it with a brief review of the liter ature. (Korean J Med 61:439-443, 2001)$quot; Background: A number of theories have been proposed to explain the nature of aging process. Unfortunately, there is so far no theory that can completely explain all aging processes. In the present study, to investigate roles of inducibility of defense mechanisms by oxidative stress, cellular mRNA level of super oxide dismutases (SODs) and metallothionein (MT) as well as their inducibility by paraquat, an intracellular super oxide generator , was examined in the liver and kidney of the mice of aging process. Methods: The steady-state levels of SODs and MT mRNA and their induction by paraquat were determined by the RT-PCR assay in male mice of 4 ages, 1, 4, 8, and 12 months. Results: In the liver, the steady-state levels of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and MT mRNA increased until 8 months with age and decreased significantly at 12 months. Cu/Zn- SOD and MT mRNA were induced well by paraquat at all ages but Mn-SOD mRNA not at 12 months. In the kidney, their mRNA levels of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and MT increased with age. Mn-SOD mRNA was induced by paraquat only at 1 month but Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA not at all ages. On the other hand, MT mRNA was significantly induced by paraquat at all ages. Conclusion: These results suggest that SODs and MT are differentially expressed and induced according to the age and organs . In addition, it is thought that the lack of induction of Mn-SOD by oxidative stress in both the liver and kidney may be one of causative factors in the aging process while Cu/Zn-SOD and MT in the liver and MT in the kidney may play protective roles in the aging process. It is therefore implicated that the tissue antioxidant/prooxidant balance could be one of determinants of mean life span. (Korean J Med 61:430-438, 2001)