정책기반의 분산서비스거부공격 대응방안 연구

김혁준(Hyuk Joon Kim),이동환(Dong Hwan Lee),김동화(Dong Hwa Kim),안명길(Myung Kil Ahn),김용현(Yong Hyun Kim) 한국정보과학회 2016 정보과학회논문지 Vol.43 No.5

2009년 이후 정부 및 민간부문에서는 DDoS 방어체계 구축을 위해 수백억 원의 예산을 투입해 왔으며, 그 결과 많은 정부 및 민간분야에 DDoS 대응을 위한 전용장비가 설치되었다. 그러나 이러한 기관 역시 DDoS 공격 발생 시 성공적인 방어가 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많은데, 이는 DDoS 대응 장비가 특정 공격 행위에만 대응할 수 있는 시그니처 중심의 방어 구조를 따르고 있기 때문이다. 이에 비해 방어자원 관점의 정책적 대응방법을 통할 경우, 공격 기법과 상관없이 서비스 자원의 가용성 확인을 통하여 시스템 이상여부 및 공격 유형의 종류를 확인할 수 있으며, 공격에 대한 대응 정책 또한 손쉽게 도출할 수 있다. 본 고에서는 기존의 공격 행위 중심의 방어체계에서 벗어나 방어자 관점의 DDoS 탐지 기법을 소개하고, 이를 통해 정책기반 서비스거부공격 대응방안을 제시한다. Since the Denial of Service Attack against multiple targets in the Korean network in private and public sectors in 2009, Korea has spent a great amount of its budget to build strong Internet infrastructure against DDoS attacks. As a result of the investments, many major governments and corporations installed dedicated DDoS defense systems. However, even organizations equipped with the product based defense system often showed incompetency in dealing with DDoS attacks with little variations from known attack types. In contrast, by following a capacity centric DDoS detection method, defense personnel can identify various types of DDoS attacks and abnormality of the system through checking availability of service resources, regardless of the types of specific attack techniques. Thus, the defense personnel can easily derive proper response methods according to the attacks. Deviating from the existing DDoS defense framework, this research study introduces a capacity centric DDoS detection methodology and provides methods to mitigate DDoS attacks by applying the methodology.

한국 성인의 연령군별 미충족 의료 관련요인

김혁준(Hyuk Joon Kim) 한국간호연구학회 2023 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : This study analyzed the current status of Korean adults’ unmet medical needs and factors influencing them by age group. Methods : The sample comprised of 11,092 people aged 19 or older from the 8th data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using IBM SPSS/Win 26.0, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott χ2 test, and complex samples logistic regression. Results : The unmet medical needs’ rate of all adults was 6.6%, and 6.5%, 6.4%, and 7.6% for the 19∼49, 50∼64, and 65-plus age groups, respectively. Next, unmet medical needs were affected by subjective health status (CI: 0.37-0.90), activity restriction (CI: 1.45-4.62), stress (CI: 1.17-2.03), and quality of life (CI: 0.89-0.98) in the 19-49 age group. In the 50∼64 age group, these were subjective health status (CI: 0.29-0.98), stress (CI: 1.01-2.49), aerobic activity (CI: 0.45-0.94), and quality of life (CI: 0.86-0.98). Finally, in the group over 65 years, these were gender (CI: 1.21-3.67), spouse presence (CI: 0.39-0.95), subjective health status (CI: 0.28-0.83), activity restriction (CI: 1.30-2.98), and quality of life (CI: 0.87-0.95). Conclusion : Given the inequality in medical needs by income and age, policies should link health care, related institutions, and existing welfare policies according to age-group specific factors of unmet medical needs.

골다공증이 있는 폐경 후 당뇨 여성의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향요인: 제7기 국민건강영양조사 자료(2016-2018년) 활용

김혁준 ( Hyuk Joon Kim ),김혜영 ( Hye Young Kim ) 한국여성건강간호학회 2022 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Purpose: The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is increasing, and diabetes patients have decreased bone density. Their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is diminished by the resultant physical dysfunction and depression. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing HRQoL in postmenopausal women with diabetes and osteoporosis. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Seventh Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018), which utilized a complex, multistage probability sample design. The participants in the study were 237 women with diabetes and osteoporosis. To evaluate the factors that influenced HRQoL, a complex-samples general linear model was constructed, and the Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: In this sample of women aged 45 to 80 years (mean±standard deviation, 71.12±7.21 years), the average HRQoL score was 0.83±0.18 out of 1.0. Factors influencing HRQoL were age (70s: t=-3.74, p<.001; 80s: t=-3.42, p=.001), walking for exercise more than 5 days a week (t=-2.83, p=.005), cerebrovascular disease (t=-8.33, p<.001), osteoarthritis (t=-2.04, p=.014), hypertension (t=2.03, p=.044), higher perceived stress (t=-2.17, p=.032), poor glycemic control (t=3.40, p=.001), waist circumference (t=-2.76, p=.007), sitting time per day (t=-2.10, p=.038), and a longer postmenopausal period (t=3.09, p=.002). Conclusion: In order to improve the HRQoL of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and diabetes, it is necessary to implement intervention strategies that enable the effective management of chronic diseases, while preventing the complications of diabetes and minimizing stress through physical activity.

가상화 환경에서의 사이버전 기술 시험 평가 방안

김혁준(KIM HYUK JOON),이동환(Donghwan Lee),안명길(Myung Kil Ahn),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),노기성(Ki-Seong Noh) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

사이버전 모의를 위한 정상 및 비정상 트래픽 모사 방안

김혁준(KIM HYUK JOON),이동환(Donghwan Lee),안명길(Myung Kil Ahn),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),정의진(EUI-JIN JUNG),박중석(Chung Sok Pak) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

지역사회 여성노인의 성공적 노화를 위한 건강관리프로그램의 효과

박금숙(Kum Sook, Park),김혁준(Hyuk Joon, Kim) 한국간호연구학회 2021 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a health program for community-dwelling elderly women that improves their perceived health status, Interpersonal relations, self-esteem, depression, cognitive function, and successful aging. Methods : A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. Elderly women who agreed to participate in this study were assigned to either an experimental group(n=45) or a control group(n=41). The health Management program was conducted once a week for 12 weeks. Study outcomes were measured by structured questionnaires from March, to June 2019. For data analysis, a chi-square test, an independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results : Interpersonal relations(z=-2.39, p=.017), depression(z=-2.27, p=.023), cognitive function(z=-4.47, p<.001), successful aging(t=2.22, p=.031) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of elderly women in the control group. Conclusion : The health Management program was effective on Interpersonal relations, depression, cognitive function, and successful aging for elderly women in the community. It can be recommended as a public health program for the elderly population in the community.

간호대학생의 핵심간호역량에 미치는 영향요인

박금숙(Keum Sook Park),김혁준(Hyuk Joon Kim),김신희(Shin Hee Kim) 한국간호연구학회 2022 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.6 No.3

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the effects of communication ability, caring character, and cultural competence on the nursing student’s core competency. Methods : The study participants were 161 fourth year students at a nursing university in I City. The study was conducted from the Octover 10th to the 30th of October, 2021. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS win. 26.0 program. Results : The mean scores for communication ability, caring character, cultural competence, and nursing core competency were 3.82, 4.33, 3.95 and 4.32, respectively. There were positive correlations among communication ability, caring character, cultural competence and nursing core competency. The factors affecting nursing core competency were caring character(β=.62, p<.001), cultural competence(β=.17, p=.003), and communication ability(β=.14, p=.009) with 56.7% of the variance explained by these variables. Conclusions : Students must improve their nursing core competency through education programs while at university. Furthermore, it is necessary to cultivate nursing student’s communication ability, caring character and cultural competence through curriculum development at nursing schools.

R&D 툭자 촉진을 위한 재정지원정책의 효과분석

송종국 ( Jong Guk Song ),김혁준 ( Hyuk Joon Kim ) 기술경영경제학회 2009 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.17 No.1

최근 외환위기 이후 기업 R&D 투자의 실질증가율이 외환위기 이전의 절반에 가까운 평균 약 7.1%로 떨어지고 있으며, 대기업에 비해 중소기업에 대한 정부의 R&D 투자지원이 상대적으로 유리한 데도 중소기업의 R&D 투자 비중은 줄어들고 있다. 또한 1990년대 중반부터 상위 3개 기업을 제외한 대기업 R&D 투자는 증가하지 않고 있어 대기업 간의 R&D 투자 양극화 현상이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 기업의 R&D 투자 현상의 원인이 무엇인지 분석해 볼 필요가 있다. 또한 정부의 R&D 직접 보조금 정책이나 조세지원 정책의 당위성에 대해서 이론적으로나 현실적으로 그 필요성이 인정되더라도 정책의 효율성에 대해서는 검증해 보아야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 우리 정부가 가장 보편적으로 활용하고 있는 R&D 보조금 지원제도와 조세 지원제도가 과연 효과가 있는지를 실증 분석을 통해 검증해 보려고 한다. 특히 우리나라의 재정지원제도는 대기업과 중소기업 간에 차별적으로 적용되고 있기 때문에 기업 규모에 따른 정책 효과를 구분하여 분석한다. 본 연구의 실종 분석에 이용한 개별 기업의 R&D 데이터는 2002년에서 2005년까지 기업의 연구개발 활동에 대해 서베이 한「과학기술연구개발활동 조사보고」의 기업별 원시 패널 데이터 중에서 활용한 불균형(unbalanced) 패널 데이터이다. 각 기업의 보조금과 관련한 데이터는 「과학기술연구개발활동조사보고」의 서베이 데이터를 사용했으며, 조세지원을 나타내는 사용자 비용에 관한 데이터는 이론적 모형에서 도출하였다. 본 연구의 패널 데이터 분석은 고정효과 모형을 대기업, 중소기업 및 모든 기업에 각각 적용했다. 본 연구의 실증 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 정부의 직접 보조금 지원은 대기업의 경우 R&D 투자를 늘리는 유인효과(crowding-in effect)를 보인데 반해, 중소기업은 R&D 투자를 줄이는 구축효과(crowding-out effect)가 나타났다. 그러나 대기업이나 중소기업 모두 정부의 보조금 지원정책에 대한 반응이 매우 비탄력적으로 추정되었기 때문에 R&D 보조금 지원정책이 기업의 R&D 투자에 미치는 영향은 매우 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 정부의 R&D 조세지원은 대기업과 중소기업의 R&D 투자를 유인하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히 중소기업보다 대기업의 R&D 촉진에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 조세지원으로 사용자 비용이 1% 감소하면 대기업은 R&D 투자를 0.99% 증가시키고, 중소기업은 0.054% 증가시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구의 분석 결과에서 시사하는 정부의 R&D 재정지원제도의 개선 방향은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 정부의 R&D 보조금은 기업의 R&D 투자를 구축하지 않도록 기업과 중복되지 않는 기초연구와 공공기술 지원에 국한해야 하며, 중소기업에 대해서는 R&D 인프라 구축과 기술정보지원 등 R&D 서비스(extension service) 지원에 초점을 두어야 할 것이다. 대기업에 대한 R&D 조세지원은 한시적으로 강화할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 4개 연도의 기업 패널 데이터를 활용하였는데, 앞으로 정책의 효과를 장기간에 걸쳐 분석할 수 있는 거시 시계열 데이터를 활용한 분석의 보완이 필요하디; 또한 기업의 R&D 투자 촉진 외에도 일반 투자나 기타 목적을 위해 시행되고 있는 정부의 재정 정책들과의 대제 혹은 보완 관계의 여부를 검증해 볼 필요가 있다. 특히 중소기업의 시설투자 세액 공 제와 R&D 투자 세액공제 제도의 혜택은 단기투자와 장기투자를 선택해야 하는 기엽의 의사 결정에 영향을 줄 수 있다. Recently we have found some symptoms that R&D fiscal incentives might not work well what it has intended through the analysis of current statistics of firm`s R&D data. Firstly, we found that the growth rate of R&D investment in private sector during the recent decade has been slowdown. The average of growth rate (real value) of R&D investment is 7.1% from 1998 to 2005, while it was 13.9% from 1980 to 1997. Secondly, the relative share of R&D investment of SME has been decreased to 21%(`05) from 29%(`01), even though the tax credit for SME has been more beneficial than large size firm. Thirdly, The R&D expenditure of large size firms (besides 3 leading firms) has not been increased since late of 1990s. We need to find some evidence whether fiscal incentives are effective in increasing firm`s R&D investment. To analyse econometric model we use firm level unbalanced panel data for 4 years (from 2002 to 2005) derived from MOST database compiled from the annual survey, 「Report on the Survey of Research and Development in Science and Technology」, Also we use fixed effect model (Hausman test results accept fixed effect model with 1% of significant level) and estimate the model for all firms, large firms and SME respectively. We have following results from the analysis of econometric model. For large firm: i) R&D investment responds elastically 0.20) to sales volume. ii) government R&D subsidy induces R&D investment (0.03) not so effectively. iii) Tax price elasticity is almost unity (-0.99). iv) For large firm tax incentive is more effective than R&D subsidy For SME: i) Sales volume increase R&D investment of SME (0.043) not so effectively. ii) government R&D subsidy is crowding out R&D investment of SME not seriously (-0.0079) iii) Tax price elasticity is very inelastic (-0.054) To compare with other studies, Koga(2003) has a similar result of tax price elasticity for Japanese firm (-1.0036), Hall((1992) has a unit tax price elasticity, Bloom et al. (2002) has -0.354~-0.124 in the short run. From the results of our analysis we recommend that government R&D subsidy has to focus on such an areas like basic research and public sector (defense, energy, health etc.) not overlapped private R&D sector. For SME government has to focus on establishing R&D infrastructure. To promote tax incentive policy, we need to strengthen the tax incentive scheme for large size firm`s R&D investment. We recommend tax credit for large size film be extended to total volume of R&D investment.

재가노인을 위한 기억훈련프로그램이 주관적 건강상태, 홧병, 기억력에 미치는 효과

정현종(Hyun Jong Jung),김능연(Neung Yeon Kim),김혁준(Hyuk Joon Kim) 한국노년학회 2022 한국노년학 Vol.42 No.1

본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 노인을 대상으로 기억훈련프로그램을 적용한 후 대상자의 주관적 건강상태와 홧병, 기억력에미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 사전-사후 유사실험(Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design) 연구이다. 연구대상자는 P시에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인이며 실험군 40명, 대조군 40명으로 총 80명이었다. 연구진행절차는 기억훈련프로그램을 개발하여8주 동안 적용한 후 프로그램의 효과를 확인하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 Chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 기억훈련프로그램이 노인의 주관적 건강상태를 향상시키고(t=-4.06, p<.001), 홧병정도를 감소시키며(t=-4.34, p<.001), 기억력 관련 요인 중 기억책략의 사용을 증가(t=-2.18, p=.029)시키는데 효과가 있었다. 본 연구결과에서 확인한 내용을기반으로 지역사회에 거주하는 노인들의 기억력 강화를 위해 본 연구에서 개발된 기억훈련프로그램을 지역사회 보건기관이나 복지기관등에서 추진하고 있는 노인건강사업에 접목시켜 보다 체계적이고 지속적으로 발전시켜 나갈 것을 제안한다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Memory Training Program on subjective health status, Hwabyung, and memory for community dwelling elderly. The study used a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design. The study participants were 80 elderly aged 65 or over (40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group) from P city. Participants in the experimental group were provided the Memory Training Program. The program was conducted 90 minutes, once a week .for 8 weeks. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS version 23.0. As a result of this study, the Memory Training Program for community dwelling elderly has been effective in improving subjective health status(t=-4.06, p<.001), reducing Hwabyung(t=-4.34, p<.001), and increasing the use of memory strategies(t=-2.18, p=.029) among memory related factors. Based on the findings, our study suggests that community health institutions use it as a public health program to strengthen the memory of older people in the community.

간호대학생의 회복탄력성, 대인관계 능력이 셀프리더십에 미치는 영향 : COVID-19 시기에 실습을 경험한 학생을 중심으로

박금숙(Keum Sook, Park),김지애(Ji Ae, Kim),김혁준(Hyuk Joon, Kim) 한국간호연구학회 2021 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Objective : This study was conducted to analyze the effects of resilience, interpersonal relationship ability on self leadership of nursing students who have experienced clinical practicum during the COVID-19. Methods : The subjects of the study were 135 third-grade students at a nursing university located in I City, J Province. The study period was from August 24 to December 18, 2020. The research was analyzed with the SPSS win 26.0 program. Resilience, interpersonal ability, and self-leadership were calculated as mean and standard deviation, correlation among variables were analyzed by Pearson,s correlation coefficient, and the influencing factors on self-leadership were analyzed by multiple regression. Results : The score of the nursing students’ were as follows. Resilience 3.48, interpersonal relationship ability 3.85, and self leadership 3.69. There were positive correlations among resilience, interpersonal relationship ability and self leadership. Factors affecting self leadership are interpersonal relationship(B=0.43), and resilience(B=0.42), and they explained 60% of variables. Conclusions : Students have to improve the self leadership during their school days through education programs. And It’s necessary to develop a syllabus incluided individual and team activity for cultivating self leadership of nursing students.