8-13 세 아동의 체지방률과 신장과 체중지수와의 상관관계

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),위승두(Seung Doo Wee),김명기(Myong Gi Kim) 한국사회체육학회 1999 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.12 No.-

근력강화 운동이 척수손상 장애인의 균형(Seating balance)능력에 미치는 영향

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),김경숙(Kyung Sook Kim),정일규(Il Gyu Jeong),이종하(Jong Ha Lee),구교만(Kyo Man Koo),이대연(Dae Yeon Lee),이영철(Young Chul Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle strengthening exercise on seating balance in the handicapped with spinal cord injury. 7 subjects with spinal cord injury participated in this study. They took muscle strengthening exercise 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Static and Dynamic balance were assessed by Balance Performance Monitor. Paired t-test was performed for data analysis at the 0.05 level of significance. The result of this study are as follows; 1. Static Balance; The max velocity was a significant difference between before and after(p<.05), but sway area and sway path were not significant difference between before and after. 2. Dynamic Balance; The sway path(p<.001) and max velocity(p<.001) were significant difference between before and after, but sway area was not significant difference between before and after. In conclusion, 12 weeks of muscle strengthening exercise improve static(max velocity) and dynamic balance(sway path, max velocity) in the handicapped with spinal cord injury. Therefore, muscle strengthening exercise was effective for static and dynamic balance in the handicapped with spinal cord injury.

언더핸드 드로잉 동작시 발생하는 분절간의 각운동량 전이

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),신동민(Dong Min Shin) 한국사회체육학회 1995 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 언더핸드 드로잉 동작시 발생하는 분절간의 각운동량 전이가 어떠한 형태로 나타나는 가를 알아보기 위한 것이다.영상 분석을 위해 한대의 로캄 카메라를 사용하여 기계학적 팔과 인체 팔의 언더핸드 드로잉 동작을 측면에서 촬영하였으며, 이때 필름의 속도는 200 프레임/초 였다. 기계학적 팔(인체의 팔과 같이 목재로 만든 두 분절로 된 팔)은 언더핸드 드로잉 동작에 대한 모의 실험을 위해 삼각대에 고정시킨 후 수평 상태에서 아래로 떨어 뜨렸다. 모의 실험을 위한 기계학적 팔은 다음과 갈은 두 가지 조건하에서 실시되었다. 1) 블록을 사용하지 않은 조건, 2) 팔이 수직 상태로 떨어질 때 상완 부분이 고무 밴드에 의하여 차단되어지는 조건. 인체 팔의 실험을 위해서는 3명의 남자 대학생 투수가 동원되어졌다. 드로잉을 하는 동안의 근육 활동 형태를 알아보기 위하여 4 개의 팔 근육(전삼각근, 후삼각근, 상완 이두근, 상완 삼두근)에 표면 전극을 부착시킨 후, 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의하여 통제되어지는 LAFAYETTE 근전도 시스템윽 이용하여 IEMG(integrated electromyogram)를 도출하였다. 이때 샘플링 레이트는 250 Hz 로 하였다.기계학적 팔로부터 도출된 결과는 블록을 사용하지 않은 조건에서 전완의 최대각속도가 33.9 라디안/초 였으나, 상완에 블록이 부착된 조건에서는 38.6 라디안/초로 증가되었다. 그러나 상완의 각속도는 블록이 없는 조건에서는 27.1 라디안/초 였으나, 블록이 부착된 조건하에서는 24.8 라디안/초로 감소되어졌다. 인체 팔의 경우는 상완의 각속도가 볼의 릴리스 시점에서 36.3 라디안/초로 감소되어지는 동안에 전완의 각속도는 61.5 라디안/초로 증가되어졌다. 한편, 인체 팔의 근전도 활동 형태에서 언더핸드 드로잉을 하는 동안 삼각근이 상완 이두근보다 먼저(약 150 ms) 활성화되어졌다.운동학적 데이터와 진 활동에 대한 자료를 근거로 한 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 언더핸드 드로잉시 각운동량은 상완에서부터 전완으로 전이되어진다. 이 운동량의 전이는 근위 분절의 속도 감소에 따른 결과로써 발생되어진다.

수영선수의 영법별 근기능에 관한 연구

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),현광석(Gwang Suck Hyun) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.17 No.-

This study was investigate of muscle function about each swimming style in swimmer. 24 female subjects participating in this study were high school, university player(6 free style, 6 butterfly, 6 back stroke, 6 breast stroke). After analysis of muscle function, the following finding were obtained. 1) The shoulder flexor about the swimming style in muscular strength, power found the most butterfly group, and the free style player group in muscular endurance. 2) The shoulder extensor in muscular strength, power, muscular endurance found the most all back stroke player group. 3) The trunk flexor and extensor in power found the most butterfly group. Swimming training was accepted by the increase muscle function reflected by injury for swimmer.

손가락의 근력발휘와 조정능력 발달

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),이대연(Dae Youn Lee),이영철(Young Chul Lee),Jae Kun Shim,Jun Feng Huang 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes of MVF (maximal voluntary contraction force) and finger interaction indices such as finger force enslaving (FE: force production by unintended fingers during force production by task finger), force deficit (FD: force difference between single finger MVF and the force of the same finger in four- finger task), and force sharing (FS: percent contributions of individual finger forces to the total force in four- finger task). Children(n=25, 6-11 years) and young adults(n=8, 20-23 years) participated as subjects in this study. The subjects performed single-finger and four-finger maximal voluntary contraction tasks. During the tasks, the subjects inserted the distal phalanges of the right hand into thimbles affixed to small force sensors with 20° of flexion about the metacarpophalangeal joint and pressed the sensor(s) to produce their maximum isometric force. The results revealed that: 1) MVF increased with age, the steep of increasing slope(N/year) from regression analysis was greatest at four-finger task, then index & middle finger, ring, and little finger task in that order. 2) FE showed the tendency of decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference across age groups. 3) FD revealed the tendency of decrease at all finger tasks with age, however, index finger only showed significant decrease with age. 4) FS was different across task fingers(M > I > R > L). FS pattern of individual finger was very similar across all age groups. We conclude that the finger strength increases with age, however, finger interaction indices(FE and FD) show the tendency of decrease with age from 6 to 23 years. The sharing pattern of fingers appears to develop before 6 years of age.

수직점프운동에서 근수축의 형태와 Pre-Stretch 각도의 효과

김창국(Chang Kook Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This study investigated whether the concentric muscle action is enhanced by a preceding eccentric muscle action in a stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) and the pre-stretch angle condition can have an effect on jump height during vertical jumping. Twelve subjects randomly performed maximum vertical jump with a countermovement jump(CMJ) and a squat jump(SJ) at different knee angles(30° <60° <90°). Kistler force platform, a Lafayette EMG system and a video motion analysis system synchronized by timing device were used to record(200Hz) the vertical jumping motion. The video film was digitized and kinematic variables were calculated. The integrated EMG activities from gastrocnemius and rectus femoris were collected and normalized with a maximum voluntary contraction. The ground reaction force was normalized to the body weight(BW) The results showed that CMJ with preceding eccentric action led to greater jump height than SJ under 60° and 90° conditions(not 30°). The jump hight was increased as the pre-stretch angles(30° <60° <90°) increased. The maximum VGRF and EI showed no difference between CMJ and SJ, however EI was increased as the pre-strecth angles increased. The IEMG activity was higher during the positive work phase in the stretch-shortening cycle(CMG) than in the pure concentric action(SJ), and this IEMG was increased as the pre-stretch angles increased(30°~ 90 ° ). These results indicated that a greater jump height can be achieved in CMJ than in SJ, however a countermovement does not always induce the stretch- shortening cycle if the range of motion is short and does not allow a sufficient stretching.

호주의 노인간호 집합주거시설 환경에 관한 연구

김창국(Kim.chang kook),길종원(Kil.Jong Won) 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

This research investigates the social environment, public welfare and related facilities in Australia, particularly in terms of environment of congregated residential facilities. It looks at the popularity ratio versus facility figures of regional configurations and functional special situations versus entire facilities. These were analysed and the results are as follows. The research reveals that<br/> - Nursing functionaries in nursing homes; these consist of 93.4% therapists and 91.0% for pain-restraining nurse care<br/> utmostly in each facility and In the case of hostels, 77.8% are therapists<br/> - It is shown that, in terms of special functionaries, in the case of nursing homes, there 87.7% provide space for<br/> diversional treatment management systems utmostly and in the case of hostels, 88.9% for temporary recuperation.<br/> - Concerning the availability of public transport, most reliance is on public bus, on train 48.0%, and on tram 29.5%.<br/> <br/>

당뇨유리체절제술 후 유리체 재출혈과 연관된 전신적 위험인자

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),윤준택(June Taek Yoon),손준홍(Jun Hong Sohn),윤영희(Young Hee Yoon) 대한안과학회 2001 대한안과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

성인 편마비 환자의 자세동요 특성에 관한 운동학적 분석

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),이대연(Dae Yeon Lee),윤완영(Wan Young Yoon),이성기(Sung Ki Lee),조철훈(Chul Hun Cho),이형수(Hyung Soo Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2004 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.21

Balance recovery for a hemiplegic patients is essential for rehabilitation as well as reinstate a daily life. The purpose of this study was to provide the data about factors affected static postural ability through analysis of hemiplegic patient`s postural sway. Subjects who were divided hemiplegia group from normal is each 10 person(male)aged 50~59years. Sway area, Sway path, Max velocity was measured by the BPM(Balance Performance Monitor). Significance of collected data was verified by using the independent t-test. Alpha level of .05 was used as the criteria for significance. The results of this study are below. 1. The collecting data from sway area revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05). 2. The collecting data from sway path revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05). 3. The collecting data from max velocity revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05).

책가방의 휴대방식에 따른 보행 주기와 자세의 변화에 대한 운동학적 분석

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),신동민(Dong Min Shin) 한국사회체육학회 1995 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinematic characteristics of book bag weight. on gait cycle and posture of adolescent youths 11-13 years of age. This study consisted of a two phase approach. In phase I, 61 students (11 -13 yrs) who transport their school materials in some type of book bag had their descriptive characteristics(age, height, weight.), anthropometric measures(shoulder width, arm length), and book bag weight determined. Additionally, students were asked to respond to questions on bag carriage and associated physical symptoms. In the second phase of this investigation, 10 students who best represented the group mean from a combined ranked score of height, arm length, and shoulder width were recruited for kinematic film analysis. Subjects participated in four trials: without bag(WO), one strap backpack (1BP), two strap backpack(2BP), and one strap athletic bag(ATH). Static standing and dynamic walking during one stride length at a self determined pace were analyzed from front and side views with a Panasonic 450 video camera(60 Hz). In the static standing condition, kinematic film analysis provided measures of shoulder angle and spinal angle in the frontal plane. In the dynamic walking condition, measures of stride length, stride frequency, head angle, trunk angle, head range, and trunk range were determined from digitized data. The effects of the trials (WO, 1BP, 2BP, andATH) were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA with the level of significance set at p<0.05. When significance was observed, a Tukey Post Hoc Test identified the specific mean trial differences. The results were summarized as follows: 1. A survey of 61 adolescent youths(11-13 yrs) provided that the backpack was most popular (91.9%) in carrying school materials and Backpacks were often carried(73.2 %) with only one strap. A majority of the students(65.5 %) described their book bags as heavy, medium(29.5%), and light weight(5.0%). The most commonly reported physical symptom was muscle soreness (67.2%), followed by back pain(50.8 %), numbness(24.5 %), and shoulder pain(14.7 %). 2. One strap bag carriage (1BP, ATH) caused a right shoulder elevation and a leftward curvature of the spine away from the weight of the book bag(p<.05). 3. The load of the book bags resulted in a decrease in stride length and an increase in stride frequency(p<.05). 4. A significantly greater forward lean was found during the backpack trials(1BP, 2BP). The backpack trials also restricted the angular range of motion when compared to WO or ATH (p<.05 ). 5. The head was tilted forward in all trials. This forward tilt was significantly greater for the trials in which only one bag strap was used(1BP, ATH). However, in the ATH trial the angular range of motion was more pronounced than during any other trial(p<.05).