근대화 과정에서 홍익의 자유이념 소통

김용환(Kim Yong-Hwan) 고조선단군학회 2009 고조선단군학 Vol.20 No.-

As a nationalist of colonial days, Han Yong-Un tried to analyze western modernization as viewpoint of the general trend. He tried to apply freedom and equality which was from Buddhism to those of modernization. That is to say, he considered Buddhism which was traditional thought as the religion which was very much close to the mass of people. Because of that, he thought national emotion had the power of subjectivity of modernization. Compared with the freedom of Han Yong-un, in the context of liberty of Liang Qichao, He reveals his social Darwinism and organic nationalism in the most systematic manner as a result of danger of colonization by the great powers. In his idea of New Citizen, each individual of a nation is a highly independent modern person who owns civil virtues such as ‘the nationalist idea’, ‘the spirit of liberty’, and ‘the economic spirit’. Han Yong Un thought freedom, equality and peace which is main point of Buddhism must be realized in the future. He also thought that realization must be done public commune subjectively by the revolution of the mass of people by degrees. Therefore, he basically denied outer interference and aggression. But Liang Qichao's organic consciousness indicates that since nation and its people are not in a subordinate relationship but nation is rather a colligation of each individual's welfare, nation cannot run counter to individual's happiness or benefit despite its attempt to limit each individual. Even if so, it is true that the fact that the total sum of each individual's benefit and happiness cannot exceed the benefit or the existence of the nation sets it apart from the individualistic modern democracy. ‘liberty’ for Liang meant ‘strong and sacrificial enough to secure the freedom of the collective/state’. In such collectivists Social Darwinist interpretation, “freedom” did not contradict at all the overall “statist” understanding of “modernity” and “civilization”-on the contrary, it functioned as its organic part. We can say that in the process of modernization, Han Yong Un focused his idea of public commune value through the freedom from the colonial days, Liang Qichao stressed his idea of liberty on the new citizenship by the new way of national building.

공군 전투기 시뮬레이터와 워게임 모델의 V-C 연동에 대한 연구

김용환,송용승,김창욱,Kim, Yong Hwan,Song, Yong Seung,Kim, Chang Ouk 한국시뮬레이션학회 2019 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.28 No.2

전장상황의 변화와 첨단정보통신기술의 발전에 따라 과학화된 훈련체계인 LVC 훈련체계가 주목을 받고 있다. 대한민국 공군은 전투기 시뮬레이터를 중심으로 공중전투기동장비(ACMI), 워게임모델을 가상의 합성전장환경에 구현하여 실전적이고 과학적인 훈련이 가능한 LVC 훈련체계를 구축하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 공군의 Virtual 체계인 전투기 시뮬레이터와 Constructive 체계인 전구급 연습용 모델의 V-C 연동시험 수행결과에 대해 다루고자 한다. 기종별로 각각 상이한 연동방식을 갖춘 F-15K, KF-16, FA-50 전투기 시뮬레이터를 표준 연동방식으로 변환하였으며, 합성 전장환경 모의 도구를 활용하여 3개 기종의 전투기 시뮬레이터가 상호 연동이 가능한 환경을 구축하였다. 그리고 공군의 연습용 모델인 창공모델도 표준 연동방식으로 변환하였으며, 연동 최적화를 위해 SW 일부를 수정하였다. 이를 통해 공군의 전투기 시뮬레이터와 워게임 모델이 연동이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 향후 공군 LVC 훈련체계 개념연구 및 체계개발 간에 유의미하게 참조할 만한 근거가 될 것임을 기대한다. LVC(Live-Virtual-Constructive) training system is drawing attention due to changes in battlefield situation and the development of advanced information and communication technologies. The ROKAF(Republic of Korea Air Force) plans to construct LVC training system capable of scientific training. This paper analyzes the results of V-C interoperability test with three fighter simulators as virtual systems and a theater-level wargame model as a constructive system. The F-15K, KF-16, and FA-50 fighter simulators, which have different interoperable methods, were converted into a standard for simulation interoperability. Using the integrated field environment simulator, the fighter simulators established a mutually interoperable environment. In addition, the Changgong model, which is the representative training model of the Air Force, was converted to the standard for simulation interoperability, and the integrated model was implemented with optimized interoperability performance. Throughput experiments, It was confirmed that the fighter simulators and the war game model of the ROKAF could be interoperable with each other. The results of this study are expected to be a good reference for the future study of the ROKAF LVC training system.

담체종류에 따른 유기물 제거특성에 관한 연구

김용환,조재현,김무훈,이용우 ( Yong Hwan Kim,Jae Hyun Cho,Moo Hoon Kim,Yong Woo Lee ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The objective of this research is to evaluate the treatment efficiency of biofilm media for organic wastewater. Several types of biofilm media including submerged filter and fluidized porous media were tested to know which biofilm media is the most appropriate for removal of organics from wastewater. Each reator system adapting Saran- lock(submerged filter type) and B company product(coated with charcoal) showed no bulking phenomena even at high organic loading(9.1Kg TCOD/㎥/day), while others failed to endure high organic loading. It was thought that much attached biomass for Saran-lock and high organic sorption capacity for B company product are responsible for their high organic removal rate.

생물막 담체를 이용한 고농도 암모니아성 질소 함유 산업폐수의 유기물 제거 및 질산화 반응 연구

김용환,조재현,이용우,정용대,이원권 ( Yong Hwan Kim,Jae Hyun Cho,Yong Woo Lee,Yong Dae Jeong,Won Kwon Lee ) 한국물환경학회 1998 한국물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Treatment of industrial wastewater containing high concentration of ammonia was studied using biofilm media such as Bio-CAP^(TM), Bio-PO.P^(TM) and Ringlace. Among the various configurations of biofilm media process, Bio-CAP^(TM)-Bio-POP^(TM) media process was considered as the best process for organic removal and nitrification reaction. Volumetric organic removal and nitrification rate of this process approached to approximately 6㎏ COD/㎥/day and 800g NH₃,-N/㎥/day, respectively. Settler was located between Bio-CAP^(TM) and Bio-POP^(TM) reactor to remove the inhibitory effect of SS on nitrification in 2nd Bio-POP^(TM) reactor. Organic removal rate and nitrification rate of Bio-CAP^(TM)-Bio-POP^(TM) process were 5 and 4 times higher, respectively than those of general activated sludge process. By using Bio-CAP^(TM)-Bio-POP^(TM) media process, it was expected to decrease the required area for treatment of industrial wastewater containing high concentration of organics and ammonia.

신체활동 가치 중심 교육과정에서 체력 운동 수업 방안

김용환(Kim, Yong-Hwan) 한국체육교육학회 2015 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.3

신체활동 가치 중심 교육과정에서 건강가치를 실현하기 위한 체력운동 지도방안을 규명하기 위하여 체력운동의 의미와 특성, 체력기르기 활동, 체력 평가하기를 연구 내용으로 하였다. 이러한 연구를 하기 위해서 체력운동이 기능이 아닌 마음과 몸이 하나 되어 가는 교육적대화의 관점에서 인지적 정의적 학습을 강조한 이해 중심 게임 모형을 우리 교육현실에 알맞게 개정한 좋은 수업모형을 토대로 수업 진행과정별로 의미와 특성을 이해 활동, 체력기르기, 체력 측정 평가하기 단계별로 필요한 체력 학습내용 프로그램을 제시하기 위한 문헌 연구를 하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 체력의 의미와 특성의 이해단계에서는 체력에 대한 역사 철학적 지식을 활용한 놀이활동으로 특정 체력의 의미와 특성을 깨닫도록 하여 체력운동에 대한 즐거운 마음의 문을 열도록 학습자 중심 수업을 한다. 체력기르기 단계에서는 앞 단계에서 지각한 체력활동의 즐거움을 발전시켜 체력측정 기준과 자신의 최대체력 개념을 인지하여 체력에 대한 깨달음의 즐거움을 체득하고 이를 바탕으로 몸과 마음의 대화가 이루어질 수 있는 인지적 수업활동을 하여야 한다. 체력평가활동에서는 건강 가치면에서 몸과 마음이 일치하는 각자의 체력수준을 파악하고 그 의미를 생활 속에서 재실현하도록 하는 사회적 수업을 한다. Purpose: This study was to find the Humanistic approaches to teaching the value-based physical fitness in the best practice model for unit and lesson planning used for the novice students. Methods: Using Kim"s(2013) previous papers focused on a humanistic approaches of the best practice model for the study of the physical fitness lesson. The model had been exchanged a model for the teaching of games to be in a way of educational conversation linking the mind and body through a delights rather than in the teaching of motor skills to adapt to Korean classes to create units of the lesson in competitive activities. Conclusion: The implications associated with the finding are following. The approach to learning process required a learner to act the play or games on a base of philosophic and historic knowledge to understand the meaning and characters of physical fitness and acquire an delights of understandings to open mind by more student centered practice. The units to improve physical Fitness made learner know the maximum physical fitness on criteria to measure and to express the critical delights to link the mind and body by the cognitive and reflective practice. The units to evaluate physical fitness required students to conform the performance level of their physical fitness at a meeting the mind and body by social practice.

강화도의 단군신앙 연구

김용환(Kim, Yong-Hwan) 고조선단군학회 2011 고조선단군학 Vol.25 No.-

The Faith of Dangun in the Ganghwa island is the meaning of cultural heritage of Ganghwa island’s people and the movement of root seeking of Koreans and the significant value of Global cultural heritage of Unesco. The recognition of Gojosun history has been changing significantly on the point of Pyunyang was a kingpin town of Gojosun. In Ganghwa island, there are a few of wonderful heritage and historical remains and materials of Dangun. For Instance, Goryosa says that Dangun had built the Chamsungdan on the top of Mt. Mani to practice the spiritual ritual to heaven who had been lived as Hwan-In. The island has many other materials that had been transmitted through th Goryo Dynasty and the Chosun Dynasty. We can find monumental value he Chamsungdan on the top of Mt. Mani and Samrang Castle on the Jen Deung Mt. In the context of Chamjen-Gyegyung, written 366 works of Dangun contents, the public-common love and public-common salvation as public-common value. Public-common salvation can be possible according to the virtues of humanitarian value to pursue according the time, and earthy harmonious energy and wisdom. To establish future oriented phase of the Dangun Faith in the Ganghwa island, we have to harmonious works between the character of Dangun and Trinity of God as Hwan-In, Hwan-Wung and Dangun. Dangun Faith is quite different from New Religious movement of Modem period. In this time, the Chamsungdan is possible to be recommended as Global cultural heritage of Unesco.

Site-specific and deletional mutagenesis for two regions of Verotoxin-2 A gene encoding enzymatically active domain

김용환,김상현,차인호,김경숙,이영춘,Kim, Yong-hwan,Kim, Sang-hyun,Cha, In-ho,Kim, Kyoung-shook,Lee, Young-choon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1997 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

There are two conserved regions with a significantly high amino acid sequence homology among the A subunits of STX, SLTs and ricin. To produce an inactive Verotoxin-2 (VT-2), two different mutants, pE167D and pDE5A, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively, on the basis of the previous reports that two regions lie within the active-site clefts of the A subunits of ricin and STX family. The cytotoxicity ($10^3$ $CD_{50}/ml$) of VT-2 holotoxin with E167D mutation was reduced by $10^3$-fold compared with wild-type level. In addition, VT-2 with DE5A ($Trp_{202}GlyArgIleSer_{206}$) deletion mutation showed a significantly low cytotoxicity ($10^1$ $CD_{50}/ml$), resulting in $10^5$- and $10^2$-fold reductions, respectively, compared with the wild-type and E167D mutatant. SDS-PAGE for protein samples showed a 33-kDa band corresponding to the A subunit of VT-2. These results indicate that reduction in cytotoxic activity was affected not by amount of VT-2 protein produced but by mutation. VT2(Verotoxin-2)의 효소활성 영역에 해당되는 두 영역의 아미노산들에 대하여, 첫번째 보존영역의 Glu167을 conservative point mutation 시키고, 두 번째 보존영역의 구성 아미노산 5개 전부를 deletion mutation 시켜, 각 변이주에서 독성의 감소 정도를 wild type과 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. pKSC101을 Eco RI과 Pst I으로 절단하여 940bp insert를 통일 제한효소로 절단한 M 13mp19에 삽입하여 pEP19RF를 구축하였다. 이를 이용하여 dU-SSDNA template를 제조하고, mutagenic primer를 annealing 하여 변이를 도입하였으며, 변이가 도입된 insert를 acceptor plasmid에 삽입시켜 각각 발현 플라스미드 pOEX와 pDEX를 구축하였다. 각각의 mutant 단백질을 발현시키기 위하여 pOEX와 pDEX를 JM109에 형질전환시켜 mutant 재조합 균주인 POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 작성하였다. 2. POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 IPTG 유도 발현시킨 배양상층액을 Vero cell에 대하여 세포독성을 시험한 결과 wild type에 비하여 POMUT109의 배양 여액에서는 2000배, DEMUT109의 배양여액에서는 적어도 3000배 이상의 세포독성을 감소시켰다.

장파장 다중모드 광섬유 통신시스템의 실용시험

김용환,이성은,김홍만,박창수,원용협,안종평,유태환,신동혁,서완석,강민호,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Lee, Seong-Eun,Kim, Hong-Man,Park, Chang-Su,Won, Yong-Hyeop,An, Jong-Pyeong,Yu, Tae-Hwan,Sin, Dong-Hyeok,Seo, Wan-Seok,Gang, Min-Ho 한국전자통신연구원 1984 전자통신 Vol.6 No.2

A long-wavelength ($1. 3\mum$) multimode fiber-optic transmission system has been developed and the field trial system has been installed over 17.3km distance in Daejeon Area by KETRI. The 45Mb/s and 90Mb/s system operate with BER $10^-9$over 17.3km distance, and they successfully operate on the route of 34. 6km length when the fiber cable is simply connected at one end. Average loss of the fiber cable shows 0. 81dB/km including splice loss and the average bandwidth over the 17. 3km distance is 170MHz.

가치 중심 표현활동의 수업 방안

김용환(Kim, Yong-Hwan) 한국체육교육학회 2014 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.19 No.3

2009년에 개정된 체육교육과정은 신체활동가치중심의 체육교육을 지향하게 되어 과거 무용을 표현을 중시하는 표현활동으로 명명하고 표현교육을 강조하고 있다. 따라서 인간의 감정이나 사상을 아름답게 표현하는데 교육의 중점을 두어야 하게 되었다. 이러한 연구의 필요에 의하여 무용교육의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 수업방안을 규명하기 위하여 문헌연구를 한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 표현활동이 표현의 가치를 실현하기 위해서는 표현하고자 하는 감정이나 느낌 즉, 교육과정에서 제시하는 의미와 특성을 우선적으로 학습을 하여야 하며 이를 위해서 철학적 의미와 역사적 문학적 접근을 토대로 학습자 중심의 표현놀이를 하도록 해야 한다. 또한 핵심 감정이나 생각을 가장 잘 표현할 수 있는 기본움직임을 우선적으로 학습하도록 인지적 수업을 해야한다. 나아가서 매 차시마다 학습한 기본움직임을 활용하여 감정이나 생각을 표현하는 실제적 수업이 이루어지도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to find the Humanistic approach to teaching the value-based dance in the best practice model for unit and lesson planning used for the elementary teachers. These subjects included the dance(Expressive Activities). This study extends Kim"s(2013) previous focused on an Humanistic papers approached that referred the elementary teachers having the ability to create units of the lesson in competitive activities. The implications associated with the finding are following : The approach required a learner to acquire an understanding of dance within and across academic discipline to creative a play or game to understand the meaning and characters of dance by more student centered teaching practice. The units of dance were developed that learner have to express the critical skill to relate with theme in the practice of skill by more cognitive and reflective style. The unit plan for teaching the dance was developed learner have to express the critical theme in the performance of dance by authentic practice.

물질흐름 및 특허분석을 통한 주석 스크랩 재활용 기술 동향

김용환,손성호,최한신,한철웅,김태범,안재우,김홍인,이기웅,Kim, Yong Hwan,Son, Seong Ho,Choi, Han Shin,Han, Chul Woong,Kim, Tae Bum,Ahn, Jae Woo,Kim, Hong In,Lee, Ki Woong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2014 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.23 No.3

주석은 땜납, 주석도금강판, 청동 합금, 투명전극용 타겟 및 화학첨가제 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근 자원의 희소성 및 경제성으로 인해 주석 스크랩에 대한 재활용 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주석이 함유된 공정 스크랩, 슬러지, 도금 폐액 및 합금의 재활용 기술에 대하여 1970년부터 2013년까지 공개/등록된 한국, 미국, 중국, 일본, 유럽의 특허에 대하여 조사하였다. 특허는 키워드를 사용하여 수집하였으며, 기술의 정의에 의해 필터링 하여 연도, 국가, 출원인 및 기술에 따라 분석하였다. Tin has been widely used to solder, tin plated steel, bronze alloy, sputtering target for transparent electrode and chemical additives. It has been widely reported to the recycling technologies for tin scraps because of the scarcity and economic efficiency of the reserve. This study was analyzed by using open/registered patents KR, US, CN, JP and EP related to recycling technologies for processing scrap, sludges, waste fluid for plating process and spent alloy containing tin in between 1970 and 2013. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents were analyzed by year, country, appliant and technology.