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김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ),신상희 ( Sang Hee Shin ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.47
Background and purpose of the study The city is the center of human activities and thus, environmental problems of the city are getting serious. Particularly, due to the green house effect, the average annual rate of temperature has increased by 0.5~1.5℃, and the energy usage of buildings has been increased proportionally to that. In the case of Seoul, it needs to regulate the temperature rise and the energy usage of buildings since Seoul shows the highest building energy consumption. Green roofs business can be helpful to secure green spaces which Seoul lacks and therefore, it can contribute to solve environmental problems and can be used in the energy saving of buildings. The study is purposed to maximize the energy saving effects, which recently draw global attention, against the global warming temperature and the energy price inflation; carry out the green roofs in view of making the best use of green spaces in the city and monitoring thereof; and therefore, find plans to encourage green roofs business. 2. Main results from the study A rooftop afforested building reduces the temperature of the building with soils and plants in summer season and maintains the temperature of the building higher than the ambient temperature in winter season. Accordingly, compare to a concrete rooftop, the afforested rooftop shows more effective heating and thus, it comes to effectively save energy. From the result of temperature measurement, in the case of the soil surface, while the afforested surface shows the difference of 15.3℃ between the minimum temperature of 22.1℃ and the maximum temperature of 37.4℃, non-afforested surface shows the difference of 46.2℃ between the minimum temperature of 20.5℃ and the maximum temperature of 67.2℃. From the result of temperature measurement by the infrared camera, in the case of the non-afforested rooftop, the midday summer temperature reached 70.9℃ but in the case of the afforested rooftop, the temperatures were measured as 30.3℃ in the lawn area and as 28℃ in the shrubbery area. Accordingly, the measured temperature in the afforested rooftop was more than twice lower than the one of the non-afforested rooftop. On the other hand, the green roofs shows the effect to delay the outflow of the inflow water from rain though, the effect is insignificant. Although we have a relatively good harvest from the rooftop garden, the intensive care is demanded and the quality of the crops tends to be lowered due to the characteristics of the rooftop environment. 3. Policy recommendation 1) Carrying out monitoring on the sites applied for the green roofs in Seoul. It needs to carry out the monitoring on public buildings and commercial buildings which have been received government subsidies, approximately 50% of the costs, from Seoul in order to evaluate and improve the business results, i.e., effect measurement on temperature and energy; user evaluations on satisfaction and demand; effect of runoff; and compared testifying for spaces used on other purposes. It needs to improve the current system which the incentive is given to newly constructed buildings only. More positive aid is required. For example, in the case of the existing buildings, if the owner installs gravels which help the suction of rainwater on the rooftop, a benefit like tax reduction should be given to the owner in order to encourage the green roofs. 2) Improvement on the system to expand green spaces for green roofs. It needs to expand green spaces in order to deal with the climate change, save energy and make comfortable spaces. For this, a standard on the afforestation rate should be suggested for the businesses supported by Seoul and consequently, the standard should be reflected when designing buildings. 3) Product development and technical research for constructing green roofs. It has been a while since the green roofs was introduced to our country though, the products for the green roofs are still borrowed from overseas such as Germany and Japan. The development for species of trees and products which fit domestic circumstances has been seldom conducted. Thus, research support and the product development should be continuously made. It is also required for the City Hall of Seoul to make efforts to introduce various products and different ways which fit different construction sites. 4) Arrangement to make the best use of spaces as the spaces for cultivating plants. If the port type crop planting, currently led by Seoul Green Trust, can be carried out and used within rooftop spaces, the rooftops can be afforested without high cost of installation and used as leisure spaces. 5) Going toward the policy which draws voluntary participation beyond supporting. There is a limit for Seoul to offer subsidies to all the applicants who wish to afforest rooftops. Accordingly, the green roofs should be gradually changed to a mandatory duty and should go the way of giving the information and the know-how, encouraging citizens to voluntarily participate in.
비정상 충류화염편 모델을 이용한 비예혼합 난류화염 해석
김성구(Seong Ku Kim),강성모(Sung Mo Kang),서보선(Bo Sun Seo),김용모(Yong Mo KIm) 한국분무공학회 2001 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.6 No.3
The present study is focused on modeling the transient behavior of the local flame structure which is especially important for slow reaction processes, such as NOx formation in the radiating flame field. The unsteady flamelet model recently developed has been applied to analyze a steady, turbulent jet flame. Numerical results are compared with experimental data and numerical results of the conventional steady flamelet model. The numerical result reveals that the unsteady flamelet model correctly predicts the nonequilibrium effect upsteam and the subsequent decay of the superequilibrium radical concentrations further downstream.
김용모,Kim, Yong-Mo 한국연소학회 2000 한국연소학회지 Vol.5 No.2
The flamelet concept has been widely applied to numerically simulate complex phenomena occurred in nonpremixed turbulent flames last two decades, and recently broadened successfully the applicable capabilities to various combustion problems from simple laboratory flames to gas turbine engine, diesel spray combustion and partially premixed flames. The paper is focused on brief review of recently noticeable work related to flamelet modeling, which includes Lagrangian flamelet approach, RIF concept as well as steady flamelet approach. The limitation of steady flamelet assumption, the effect of transient behavior of flamelets, and the effect of spray vaporization on PDF model have been discussed.
단계식 연소사이클 로켓엔진용 삼중분사 예연소기의 초임계 화염구조 해석
김용모 ( Yong Mo Kim ),박상운 ( Sang Woon Park ) 한국액체미립화학회 2014 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-
This study has been mainly motivated to numerically model the triplex injector preburner combustion which is operated in supercritical conditions encountered in rocket engine cycle. In the present approach, turbulence is represented by the standard k-e model. To account for the real fluid effects, the propellant mixture properties are calculated by using generalized cubic equation of state. In order to realistically represent the turbulence-chemistry interaction in the turbulent nonpremixed swirl flames, the flamelet approach based on the real fluid flamelet library has been adopted. Based on numerical results for triplex injector preburner, the detailed discussions are made for the effects of O/F ratio, pressure on Kerosene/LOx flame structure in supercritical conditions..