Immunohistochemical Study to Evaluate the Prognostic Significance of Four Biomolecular Markers in Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

김연주(Yeon-Joo Kim)ㆍ이승희(Seung Hee Lee)ㆍ우홍균(Hong-Gyun Wu)ㆍ고현정(Heounjeong Go)ㆍ전윤경(Yoon Kyung Jeon) 대한방사선종양학회 2010 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.28 No.2

목 적: 방사선 치료를 받은 코인두암 환자의 치료 전 조직을 면역조직화학염색하여 생체분자적 예후인자를 찾고자하였다.대상 및 방법: 1998년부터 2006년까지 방사선 치료를 받은 코인두암환자는 68명이었다. 이중 38명의 환자에서 면 역조직화학염색을 위한 파라핀 블록을 찾을 수 있었다. 전체 환자 중 31명은 미분화암종이었고, 7명은 편평세포암종이었다. 전체 환자의 84%가 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III or IV 환자였다. 전체 환자의파라핀 블록을 이용하여 Met, COX-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), nm23-H1에 대해 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였다.결 과: 전체 환자의 중앙 추적 기간은 30개월이었고 생존 환자의 중앙 추적 기간은 39개월이었다. 높은(≥50%)Met 발현을 보인 환자들의 5년 생존율은 48%, 낮은 Met 발현을 보인 환자들의 5년 생존율은 84%로 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.02). Met 발현 정도는 다변량 분석에서도 유의한 인자로 분석되었다(p=0.01). Met발현은 종양의 병기, 성별, 나이, 항암제나 방사선 치료에 대한 반응 정도와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. Met 발현정도는 COX-2 발현과 중등도의 상관관계를 보였으나(Pearson coefficient 0.496, p<0.01), COX-2 발현은 전체생존율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 nm23-H1이나 EGFR의 발현은 예후인자가 아닌 것으로 분석되었다.결 론: 방사선치료를 받은 코인두암에서, 높은(≥ 50%) Met 발현은 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 독립적인 예후인자일 가능성이 있다. Purpose: We performed an immunohistochemical study with pre-treatment biopsy specimens to evaluate the prognostic significance of four biomolecular markers which can be used as a predictive assay for radiotherapy (RT) treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: From January 1998 through December 2006, 68 patients were histologically diagnosed as non-metastatic NPC and treated by RT. Only 38 patients had the paraffin block for the immunohistochemical study. Thirty-one patients had undifferentiated carcinoma and 7 patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Thirtytwo patients (84%) had advanced stage NPC (2002 AJCC Stage III∼IV). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Met, COX-2, nm23-H1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression using routine methods. Results: The median follow-up time was 30 months (range, 11 to 83 months) for all patients, and 39 months (range, 19 to 83 months) for surviving patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the patients with high Met extent (≥50%) was significantly lower than that of the patients with low Met extent (48% vs. 84%, p=0.02). In addition, Met extent was also a significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p=0.01). No correlation was observed between Met extent and T stage, N stage, stage group, gender, age, and the response to chemotherapy or RT. Met extent showed moderate correlation with COX-2 expression (Pearson coefficient 0.496, p<0.01), but COX-2 expression did not affect OS. Neither nm23-H1 or EGFR expression was a prognostic factor for OS in this study. Conclusion: High Met extent (≥50%) might be an independent prognostic factor that predicts poor OS in NPC treated with RT.

이동수단과 보행환경에 따른 보행자의 안전감 분석 - 대학 캠퍼스 보행환경을 중심으로

김연주(Kim, Yeon-Joo),황성주(Hwang, Sungjoo) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze pedestrian feelings of safety. In this study, the district was designated as the Ewha Womans University campus, then factors affecting pedestrian feeling of safety were analyzed with a focus on a means of transportation and the walking environment. In addition, by comparing this result with objective pedestrian environment type, a plan for improving pedestrian safety for each area was suggested. The analysis result showed that the pedestrian’s feeling of safety is very closely related to the traffic and walking environment. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of pedestrian safety by analyzing how two factors affect pedestrian safety.

공공디자인 진흥계획 안에서의 디자인 가이드라인에 대한 고찰

김연주 ( Yeon-joo Kim ),이수연 ( Su-yeon Lee ) 중앙대학교 예술문화연구원 2022 예술문화융합연구 Vol.16 No.-

As the Act on the Promotion of Public Design was enacted in 2016, domestic public design is proposing a new public design paradigm starting with the first comprehensive plan for public design promotion established by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 2018. However, the existing design guidelines are design guidelines presented in the basic plan for urban design and public design before the establishment of the first comprehensive plan for public design promotion. This is inconsistent with the current public design promotion plan as guidelines are presented as construction and design criteria rather than design perspective by applying guidelines such as national construction standards, directives, and regulations of central ministries. Therefore, this study began with the aim of deriving the direction that the design guidelines of the public design promotion plan to be established by each local government in the future based on the first comprehensive plan for public design promotion. In order to examine the trend of design guidelines from the perspective of public design, this study first reviewed the institutional definition of public design and guidelines proposed by domestic law, and compared and analyzed the current status of design guidelines and classification system for each local government. Therefore, in this study, based on the analysis of the change in the composition system of design guidelines following the establishment of the first comprehensive plan for public design promotion, it was found that guidelines were gradually established in consideration of the characteristics of local governments. As a result of this study, the guidelines of the public design promotion plan are expected to have a direction to guide the entire process to the design stage of consultation, deliberation, construction, supervision, maintenance, and management.

비정규시간 상부위장관 출혈 환자에서 응급 내시경이 예후에 미치는 영향

김연주 ( Youn Joo Kim ),김상균 ( Sang Gyun Kim ),강해연 ( Hae Yeon Kang ),강현우 ( Hyoun Woo Kang ),김주성 ( Joo Sung Kim ),정현채 ( Hyun Chae Jung ),송인성 ( In Sung Song ) 대한소화기학회 2009 대한소화기학회지 Vol.53 No.4

목적: 내시경은 위장관 출혈 환자에서 출혈의 위치를 확인하고 지혈 시술을 할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나 즉시 시행할 수 없는 경우가 많다. 이번 연구에서는 비정규시간에 상부위장관 출혈을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 응급 내시경 및 지혈술의 시행 유무에 따르는 임상 결과를 살펴봄으로써 응급 내시경의 유용성과 필요한 환자군을 선별하는 기준을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2006년 10월까지 비정규시간에 상부위장관 출혈을 주소로 서울대학교병원 응급실을 방문하여 내시경을 시행한 383명의 환자를 대상으로 출혈 원인에 따라 정맥류 출혈과 비정맥류 출혈로 구분하여 내원 12시간 이내에 시행한 환자군(응급 내시경군)과 12시간에서 24시간 이내에 시행한 환자군(지연 내시경군)에 대해 임상 지표, 출혈 병소 확인 및 지혈술 여부 및 예후를 후향 분석하였다. 결과: 비정맥류 출혈을 보인 환자 중 응급 내시경군은 98명, 지연 내시경군은 137명이었다. 양군에 포함된 임상 Rockall 점수 3점 이상인 중증 환자의 수는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 내시경에서 진단을 하거나 시술을 하는 비율은 양 군 간 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 재출혈률, 재원 기간, 30일 사망률에도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 정맥류 출혈로 내원한 환자 중 응급 내시경군은 65명이며 지연 내시경군은 83명이었다. 양 군 간에 Child-Pugh 등급 등의 중증도 지표에는 차이가 없었다. 내시경 진단에서 응급 내시경군은 유의하게 출혈 병소를 찾지 못하였으며(78.5% vs. 90.4%, p=0.043) 내시경 이후 수술이나 방사선시술로 지혈을 하는 환자가 더 많았다(10.8% vs. 2.4%, p=0.053). 양 그룹 간 재출혈률은 차이가 없었으며, 30일 사망률은 12시간 이내 그룹이 더 높았다(21.5% vs. 8.4%, p=0.023). 결론: 비정규시간에 상부위장관 출혈을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 12시간 이내에 응급 내시경을 하는 것은 예후 향상에 영향을 미치지 못한다. Background/Aims: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is imperative for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) to find bleeding focus and stop bleeding. This study was designed to assess the necessity of emergency endoscopy and determine screening criteria for the patients who presented to emergency room (ER) with after-hours AUGIB. Methods: The medical records of 383 patents with AUGIB who presented to ER at after-hours were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: emergency endoscopy (EE) group (<12 hours after arrival) or delayed endoscopy (DE) group (12-24 hours after arrival). We compared the severity, hemostatic procedures, rebleeding rate, length of hospitalization and 30-day mortality between the two groups. Results: Ninety-eight patients in EE group and 137 patients in DE group were evaluated among patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. No significant differences in clinical severity, finding the bleeding focus, hemostasis, 30-day mortality, hospital stay, and rebleeding rate were observed between the two groups. Among 148 patients with variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 65 patients were in EE group and 83 patients in DE group. Most clinical severity index were not different between the groups. In EE group, the rate of finding bleeding foci was lower (p=0.043), and 30-day mortality was higher than in DE group (p=0.023). Conclusions: Emergency endoscopy within 12 hours after arrival at after-hours do not lead to better prognosis in AUGIB. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;53:228-234)

商代 東夷 열국과 문화

김연주(Kim, Yeon-Joo) 고조선단군학회 2012 고조선단군학 Vol.26 No.-

In Korea, studies on Dong-Yi in the era of Shang dynasty until now were mainly focused on whether Shang" racial origin was Dong-Yi or not. However, Dong-Yi had a lot of influence on Shang civilization. I studied Dong-Yi in the Shang dynasty, focusing their own history and culture. Recent academic circles are trying to incorporate Dong-Yi"s history and culture into China, asserting that Dong-Yi is one of the branches of Chinese race. I payed special attention to their interpretations of archeological remains lest the facts be distorted by records. After analyzing historical records, oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and archeological remains, I arranged Dong-Yi’s four cultural peculiarities. First, They were culturally advanced. Second, their stock-farming and agriculture were developed. Third, they accepted culture of Shang civilization actively. Forth, they also had the custom of sacrificing human beings and burying the living with the dead. Dong-Yi seemed to be a potential rival of Shang on account of their fertile land and their advanced culture. Therefore, Shang dynasty conquered Dong-Yi dozens of times. Shang let shamans curse Dong-Yi and performed special ceremonies like 望’ to suppress Dong-Yi" religious power, before attacking ‘Dong-Yi’. It is reasonable to assume that Shan sacrificed Dong-Yi before and after attacking them. I presume that Dong-Yi’s kneeling upon their knees was not their own custom. Shang dynasty celebrated their triumph over Dong-Yi considerably. They not only desired for winning the war by sacrificing Dong-yi, but also sacrificed Dong-Yi after war as a symbol of Shang’s authority. Shang wanted Dong-Yi to bend their knees to them. I presume the name-Dong-Yi- reflects Shang’s mentality.

신사(‘神思)’를 통해 본 ‘수물부형(隨物賦形)’ 서화(書畵)창작론의 초월성 연구

김연주 ( Kim Yeon-joo ) 동양철학연구회 2016 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.87 No.-

본 연구는 蘇軾(1037-1101)의 예술창작론 중에서 ‘隨物賦形’ 書畵창작론을 ‘神思’의 초월적 성격으로 고찰하고자 한다. 그는 詩·書·畵의 창작이론 뿐만 아니라 그 각각의 예술풍격도 동일하게 보는 예술적 관점을 형성하여, 예술이론이나 창작에 있어서 각 장르의 특수성과 보편성을 긴밀하게 관련시키고 있는데, 특히 그의 ‘隨物賦形’論이 文藝와 書?예술세계를 포괄하는 장르 초월적 창작이론으로 역할을 하였다. 劉?에 의해 체계화된 ‘神思’는 내적 충실에 의한 노닒이 중시되며, ‘神用象通’하는 경지의 구성과 창작 및 감상단계에까지 영향을 미치는 개념 으로서 이는 곧 예술적 상상력으로서 간주된다. 예술적 상상력으로서 神思는 초월적 形을 구현하도록 하며, 다양한 관점의 초월성을 종합하고 융합하여 표현하는 최고의 예술경지를 창출하도록 이끈다. 蘇軾의 예술이론과 그 실천으로서의 창작에서 보이는 ‘隨物賦形’의 초월성은 무엇보다도 다양한 각도로 접근하는 열린 사유로부터 가능했다. 그가 가진 儒·佛·道및 이들의 융합사상, 다양한 장르를 섭렵하고 활용하는 유연성 넘치는 예술언어의 운용, 특히 초월성 강한 그의 ‘禪的意’는 항상 ‘新意’의 예술적 발현으로 구현되었다. ‘禪意’와 ‘新意’는 그의 예술적 내용을 추동하는 인식론적 힘이었으며 예술적 상상력으로서 神思의 작용을 통해 다양한 詩·詞·書·畵의 예술언어로 구현되었다. 따라서 ‘神思’를 통해 본 ‘隨物賦形’ 書畵創作論은 사물의 실제 객관 형상을 따르면서도 주관의 경계를 포괄한 형성적이면서도 불확정적 意境을 창출하며 역동적으로 관계한다. 士人畵와 寫意畵를 제출했던 蘇軾의 書畵藝術에는 ‘神思’를 통한 창조적 과정으로 드러난 초월적 예술언어의 내적 표출로서의 ‘形’이 감상자에게도 끊임없이 새롭게 형성되며 변화하는 意境을 제공한다. This study is to research ‘Shapes created by according to anything encountered(隨類賦形)’ by Sushi(蘇軾, 1037-1101) in calligraphy and painting creation theory through the viewpoint of transcendence of ‘ShenSi(神思)’. He had formed the artistic viewpoint regarding each art such as poem, calligraphy and painting is related with the universality and particularity, not only the creation theory but also the artistic style. ‘ShenSi’ systematized by Liuxie(劉?) has focused on enjoying by inner faithfulness, and it is the concept that influences on formating, creating and appreciating stage in creative work of art. ‘ShenSi’ is regarded as an artistic imagination enables artists to realize transcendental forms and lead to attain completeness of artistic achievement by synthesizing, fusing and expressing the transcendences of various viewpoints. Transcendences of ‘Shapes created by according to anything encountered’ in Sushi`s artistic theory and creation were possible from the open mind accessed from various angles. His profound knowledge with Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, their fused ideology, and the operation of the flexible artistic languages that ranges over various fields, especially his ‘the meaning of zen meditation(禪意)’ with strong transcendence has been always realized into artistic expression of ‘new meaning(新意)’. ‘The meaning of zen meditation’ and ‘new meaning’ were his epistemic drives in art creation which was realized into various artistic languages of poet, writing, painting and calligraphy by acting ShenSi as an artistic imagination. Therefore, Sushi`s art theory about ‘Shapes created by according to anything encountered’ considered through ‘ShenSi’ communicates dynamically by imitating objective forms of nature things and creating the formative and undefined mind boundary embracing subjectivity. Sushi`s art works have showed internal expressions of transcendental artistic language revealing as creative process through ‘ShenSi’.

유송(劉宋) 종병(宗炳)의 「화산수서(畵山水序)」 : 도(道)의 체현(體現)으로서 초기산수화(初期山水畵) 연구

김연주 ( Kim Yeon-joo ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2016 역사학연구 Vol.64 No.-

宗炳(375-443)의 「畵山水序」는 그의「明佛論」에서 보이는 佛家의 思想을 기반으로 儒ㆍ道家와 이를 포함하는 玄學을 융합하고 山水畵에 적용시켜 체계적이고도 철학적으로 기술한 현존하는 最古의 山水畵 이론서이자, 중국회화사에 실질적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미친 山水畵論이다. 「畵山水序」는 최초로 山水自然美에 주목하고 山水의 아름다움을 `道`의 드러남으로 설명하는 복합적 관점의 玄學的 회화이론이라는데 그 의의가 있다. 宗炳은 聖人들이 道를 대하는 방식과 함께 山水를 그 객관대상으로 드러냄으로써, 自然을 道가 아름답게 드러나는 것으로 구체화시키고 창작이나 감상의 심미적 대상으로 삼았다. 본질적이며 형이상학적이고 철학적인 道는 宗炳에 의해 구체적 山水를 통해 山水畵에도 구현되는 것으로 이론화되었고, 이로써 예술의 진지함과 심미성을 담보할 수 있었다. 「畵山水序」에서 가장 먼저 제출된 `澄懷味象`은 심미적 태도를 견지하고 있으나 상당히 이지적인 면이 다분한데, 宗炳은 이를 `臥遊`와 `暢神`의 개념을 통해 직접적이고 즉각적인 심미적 快와 연결시켰다. 이는 교화적이고 권계적인 내용을 담은 인물화 효능론으로부터 산수화 개화기에 그 창작 목적을 심미적으로 전환시키는 실제적 발상이었다. 宗炳은 山水畵의 본질이 단지 山水외관의 재현으로서의 모방으로 그려지는 것이 아니라 감성을 초월하는 초월적 감성과 무한한 정신을 체현해야 한다고 주장하며, 정신의 해방을 느낄 수 있는 `오묘한 묘사(妙寫)`를 주장하고 있는 것이다. 宗炳에게 있어서 山水畵는 山水의 정신(神)이자, 이치(理)이자, 道를 즉물적으로 표현하는 것이었으며, 그 진정한 가치는 이를 드러내는 사실적 묘사에 중점을 둔 것이 아니라 이를 體現함에 있어서 산수화를 창작하고 감상하는 방법과 그 목적을 觀道와 體道에 두었다. 예술은 감성적 직관력과 풍부한 상상력에 의해 그 경계를 확장시킨다. 그가 山水를 통해 道를 풍부하게 체험하도록 한 것은 `味象`, `臥遊` 및 `暢神`의 예술·심미적 가치를 인지하고 있었기 때문이다. Hua shan-shui hsu(畵山水序) of Tsung Ping(宗炳, 375-443) is not only the oldest existing theoretical book of landscape painting by fusing the Confucianism and Taoism based on the thought of Buddhism appeared in his Ming Fo lun(明佛論) and the Pedagogism including this and applying these in the landscape painting, but also the theory of landscape painting having the biggest effect on the Chinese painting history substantially. There is the meaning that the Hua shan-shui hsu is to take note on the natural beauty of natural landscape for the first time and the painting theory of complex point of view explaining the beauty of landscape as the exposure of Tao. Tsung Ping materialized that the nature is the exposure of Tao beautifully by revealing the natural landscape as the object with the method that saints dealt with the Tao and considered as the aesthetic object of creation or appreciation. The essential, metaphysical and philosophical Tao have been theorized as it is realized in the landscape painting through the concrete natural landscape by Tsung Ping. Moreover, the seriousness and aesthetic impression of art could be secured. It is full of the intelligent side even though `chunghuai weixiang(澄懷味象)` submitted earliest in Hua shan-shui hsu sticks to the aesthetic attitude, Tsung Ping connected this with the direct and intermediate aesthetic pleasure through the concept of `woyou(臥遊, strolling while lying)` and `changshen(暢神, rejoice the spirit)`. This was the practical idea converting the creative purpose aesthetically at the time of early landscape painting from the theory of efficacy of figure painting containing the edifying and admonishing content. Tsung Ping insisted that the essence of landscape painting was not painted as the imitation as the representation of landscape appearance only the transcendental sensitivity transcending the sensitivity and infinite spirit should be embodied. In addition, he assertes `a absrtus description(妙寫)` which is capable of feeling the liberation of spirit.

레트 증후군의 MECP2 유전자 돌연변이와 다형성

김연주 ( Yeon Joo Kim ),이동형 ( Dong Hyung Lee ),김철민 ( Cheol Min Kim ),최욱환 ( Ook Hwan Choi ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.4

상업지 경관협정 추진방안에 관한 연구 -대전광역시 신탄진 안심길 만들기 마중물 경관협정사업을 중심으로-

김연주 ( Yeon-joo Kim ),이형복 ( Hyung-bok Lee ),김채윤 ( Chae-yoon Kim ) 중앙대학교 예술문화연구원 2021 예술문화융합연구 Vol.15 No.-

The Landscape Agreement encourages voluntary participation of residents in order to create a pleasant environment and beautiful landscape. According to the Landscape Agreement, residents can reflect and maintain local culture from lifestyle to initiative activities, so landscape management can reflect local characteristics. This study discusses the promotion of landscape agreements that encourage merchants and residents to take the lead in managing the local landscape and revitalize the local economy. The research methods are as follows. First, the theory of concept, law, system, etc. of landscape agreement is studied in the literature. In addition, we examined the cases and took into account the trends in the Landscape Agreement. Second, the current status of the land subject to the “Project of Landscape Agreement to Make Sintanjin’s Safety Road” was investigated to grasp the current status of the landscape. Third, the basic direction, strategy and stage of the Sintanjin Landscape Agreement are reviewed. The results of this study are as follows. First of all, it is not only easy to cooperate with other projects, but also considering that residents’ participation in government-supported projects is highly graded, it is possible to review the landscape agreements that are being established systematically. Second, when residents move to improve their living environment, local activists or administrative officials will start introducing landscape agreements as a means of supporting the improvement of living environment. Third, it is expected that the method of implementing landscape agreements based on case analysis will have synergistic effects through software exploration as well as hardware improvement. Finally, if merchants and residents sign a landscape agreement, it is expected that the regional environment will improve and contribute to revitalizing the local economy.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 고등학교 영어 교과서 어휘 목록 개선방안에 대한 제안

김연주 ( Kim Yeon-joo ),이건수 ( Lee Gun-soo ) 대한언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to propose a way of revising high school English textbooks. We extracted 300 engineering and IT-related vocabularies from American math & science textbooks and English newspapers to be reflected on the textbook revision. The proposed revision including the extracted words is deemed highly necessary in the current hi-tech age as Korea has emerged as an IT power nation. The IPA method was used for a survey to find out whether college students feel the necessity of the early ESP instruction. The 300 words were selected through POS tagging and frequency analyses after basic lexical items were removed by stop-word lists by utilizing text mining techniques. It is expected that such a revision would greatly facilitate students` understanding of engineering fields and enhance their ESP communication skills at the college level if the newly revised English textbooks could be used for high school English education prior to college.