김성수 교수의 활성 경로 이론에 대한 변호와 그에 대한 반론

김세화 ( Sea Hwa Kim ) 한국논리학회 2015 論理硏究 Vol.18 No.1

김성수 교수는 최근 논문 “반사실적 인과론과 인과 구조식 접근법: 활성 경로 이론의 재검토”에서 활성 경로 이론에 대한 변호를 펼친다. 활성경로 이론은 반사실적 인과론의 핵심적 직관을 유지하면서 ‘실제로 벌어진 정황’에 주목함으로써 반사실적 인과론에 제기된 반례들을 극복하고자 제시되었다. 그러나 활성 경로 이론에 대해서도 반례가 제기된 바 있다. 김성수 교수는 이 반례를 반박함으로써 활성 경로 이론에 대한 변호를 펼치는데, 본 논문에서 필자는 김성수 교수의 반박이 성공하지 못했음을 밝힌다. In his paper “Structural Equations Approach to Token Causation: The Active Route Account Revisited” Professor Sungsu Kim defends the active route account. The active route account is the theory of causation which overcomes counterexamples to the counterfactual theories of causation, while maintaining the counterfactual theorist`s essential intuition that an effect depends counterfactually on a cause. Unfortunately, there are counterexamples to the active route account itself. Professor Sungsu Kim attempts to defend the active route account by rebutting those counterexamples. In this paper, I argue that his defense of the active route account is not successful.

조작논증과 어니, 다이애나, 번개

김세화 ( Seahwa Kim ) 한국논리학회 2019 論理硏究 Vol.22 No.2

“자유의지에 대한 조작논증과 근원-양립가능주의의 대응”에서 김성수 교수는 근원-자유와 결정론이 양립가능하지 않다는 근원-양립불가능주의 에서 제시한 논증인 조작논증에 대해 다룬다. 김성수는 조작논증에 대한 양립가능주의의 두 종류의 대응 중 강경한 대응보다는 온건한 대응이 더 설득력이 있다고 주장하는데, 특히 그는 번개 사례를 통해 강경한 대응을 펼치는 사토리오에 집중하여 반론을 펼침으로써 강경한 대응이 설득력이 부족하다고 주장한다. 본 논문에서 필자는 사토리오에 대한 김성수의 반론이 성공적이지 않다고 논증한다. 이를 위해서 필자는 사토리오의 책임희석 효과에 대한 설명에 문제가 있다는 김성수의 반론에 대해서 이러한 문제점을 피할 수 있는 원격 집행부대 예를 새롭게 제시한다. 또한 필자는 번개 사례에서 보이는 직관이 조작논증의 전제를 지지하는 직관만큼 강해보이지 않는다는 김성수의 반론에 대해 사토리오의 논증이 성공하기 위해서 번개 사례에서 보이는 직관이 다이애나 사례에서 보이는 직관만큼 강할 필요는 없다고 논증한다. In this paper, I raise objections to Sungsu Kim’s argument that Sartorio’s hard-line reply to the manipulation argument fails. In attacking Sartorio’s argument, Sungsu Kim claims that there are two problems with Sartorio’s. I argue that Sungsu Kim’s argument fails by responding to these two problems. With respect to the first problem, I provide a new example of dilution of responsibility. With respect to the second problem, I argue that, contrary to what Sungsu Kim assumes, for Sartorio’s argument to succeed, our intuition that Ernie is responsible in the Lightning Strike Scenario does not have to be as strong as our intuition that Ernie is not responsible in the Diana scenario.

"프로슬로기온" 3장 논증의 새로운 해석!

김세화,Kim, Sea-Hwa 한국논리학회 2008 論理硏究 Vol.11 No.2

In a recent paper, Wonbae Choi raises two objections to my interpretation of the argument in Proslogium 3. The first one is that my interpretation is not new, and the second one is that there is an alternative interpretation which is better than mine. I defend my interpretation against them. I also touch on a related issue which can be derived from his second objection. 최근 최원배는 "프로슬로기온"3장에 나오는 논증을 새롭게 해석했다는 필자의 주장에 비판을 가했다. 그의 비판의 요지는 크게 두 가지인데, 첫 번째 비판은 필자가 제시한 논증이 새로울 것이 없다는 것이고, 두 번째 비판은 필자가 원하는 결론을 얻고자 한다면 도리어 다른 논증이 더 낫다는 것이다. 필자는 본 논문에서 이에 대한 답변으로 필자가 제시한 논증은 분명 새로운 것이며, 최원배가 제시한 논증이 "프로슬로기온"3장에 나오는 논증에 대한 보다 나은 해석이라 할 수 없음을 보인다. 나아가 최원배의 두 번째 비판이 암시하는 보다 중요하고 의미심장한 비판에 대해서 언급한다.

Seasonal Distribution of Zooplankton Communities in Inchon Dock, an Artificially Closed Marine Embayment Facing the Yellow Sea, Western Korea

김세화,이진환,KIM, SE-WHA,LEE, JIN HWAN The Korean Society of Oceanography 1994 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Seasonal distribution of zooplankton community in Inchon Dock, an artificially closed marine embayment has been studied. Samples were collected monthly during the period from December 1989 to December 1991 at four stations in the dock and compared with that at a single station in neighbouring waters of the Yellow Sea. Copepods dominated both in and outside of the dock all the year round, except in late autumn and early winter when protozoans outnumbered. dominant species were Oithona davisae, Acartia bifilosa, Paracalanus crassirostris, Noctiluca scintillas and Tintinnopsis tubulosa. A sharp decline in the abundance was observed in summer 1990 in the dock apparently due to oxygen deficiency (anoxic condition). Although no distinct deference in the abundance of zooplankton was observed between populations in and outside of the dock except in summer 1990, waters out of the dock showed to have a prosperity in species number throughout the year. Moreover, four species of copepods, Centropages abdominalis, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, Tortanus forcipatus and T. spinicaudatus occurred solely at the outside of the dock.

Note on the Prey Items of Marine Cladocerans

김세화,윤양호,KIM, SE-WHA,YOON, YANG-HO,ONBE, TAKASHI The Korean Society of Oceanography 1993 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

Food items of the five species of marine cladocerans were reported to be largely confined to centric diatoms. Reexamination of the prey items, however, revealed that flagellar organisms were also well fed by cladocerans. This additional finding suggests that marine cladocerans might extend their food items to weakly motile flagellates e.g., Prorocentrum micans, Protoperidinium sp. and unidentified flagellates.

기관절개술후 종격동기관 협착증에 대한 기관절제 단단 문합술

김세화,박희철,이홍균,Kim, Se-Wha,Park, Hee-Chul,Lee, Hong-Kyun 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1980 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.13 No.4

A 37 year old male patient was suffered from severe labored breathing caused by post tracheostomy stenosis, which was localized at the mediastinal trachea [cuffed tracheal stenosis] and ranged 1.5 cm in length and approximately 3 ram. in diameter on tracheogram. After dilation of tracheal stenosis with dilator, endotracheal intubation was tried for induction of anesthesia and control of respiration during operation. A tube was placed just beyond the tracheal stenosis without respiratory difficulty. Under the endotracheal anesthesia, circumferential resection of the mediastinal trachea containing the stenosis, approximately 2 cm in length [4 tracheal rings}, was carried out and primary direct end to end anastomosis was performed with interrupted submucosal sutures [3-0 Dexon] and mobilization of trachea Postoperative tracheostomy was not performed. The patient was completely relieved from dyspnea immediately after operation. Post-operative convalescence was entirely uneventful and at present, about 3 months after operation, he is now conducting a usual life. From the literature and our experience, the etiology and treatment of post-tracheostomy stenosis were discussed.

울릉도 독도 근해에 분포하는 해산지각류 Evadne spinifera 의 생물학적 특성

김세화,최청일,유광일 ( Se Wha Kim,Chung Il Choi,Kwang Il Yoo ) 한국환경생물학회 1996 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Quantitative zooplankton samples were collected at nine stations in waters adjacent to Ullung Do and Tok Do Islands in the summer, 1995. Morphology and reproductive biology of a marine cladoceran Evadne spinifera were studied. Gross length of E. spinifera ranged 0.53∼1.14㎜, standard length; 0.20∼0.58㎜ and tail spine length; 0.07∼0.18㎜, respectively. Its fecundity in terms of the number of embryos per batch ranged 1∼7 (mean: 3.1) and sexual individuals were not observed.

국민건강보험제도 이대로 좋은가

김세화,Kim, Se-Hwa 대한병원협회 2001 대한병원협회지 Vol.30 No.5

담수산 (淡水産) 지각류 (枝角類) Daphnia similis 의 형태 및 생식에 관한 연구

김세화,조성택,류재혁 ( Se Wha Kim,Sung Taek Cho,Jae Hyuk Ryu ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.3

Innvestigations on the morphology and reproduction of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia similis were carried out using materials collected in waters adjacent to Inchon City in June 20, 1992. A total of 163 specimens randomly sorted from the sample was measured for their body length, viz., maximum body length(ML): 0.42-3.57mm, standard length(SL): 0.32-2.12 and body width(BW) : 0.21-1.70. Their means were 2.44, 1.39 and 1.16, respectively. Correlation analysis among three lengths revealed that the body shape of this species might hardely changed with the embryonic development in the brood space. The number of parthenogentic embryo varied from 1-27 per batch. Sexual females were less than 10%. Relationship between the number of embryos per brood and ML showed the saturation curve with the ML limit around 3-3.5mm. Fertility of D. similis was discussed in relation to body length.

담수산 (淡水産) 지각류 (枝角類) Moina irassa 의 생물학적 관찰

김세화,유광일,최청일 ( Se Wha Kim,Kwang Il Yoo,Chung Il CHoi ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.3

Preliminary observations on the biology of the freshwater cladoceran Monia irassa were carried out using the samples collected in the vicinity of Inchon City in Jun 20, 1992. A total of 208 specimens randomly sorted from the samples were measured for their body length(BL) and body width(BW). BL ranged 1.07-1.52mm(mean 1.29) and BW, 0.76-1.20(1.03). Embryonic development coincided with the increase of embryo length; stage I: sphere-shaped embryos just after being released from ovary(mean 0.26mm), II: embryos with deviloped embryonic appendages(0.39), III: embryos with well-developed antennae being identified by antennal spines(0.45). No peadogenetic reproduction was observed. Combined effects of embryonic growth and fecundity were positively correlated with BW( I : r^2=0.64, II: 0.42, III: 0.35, mean: 0.45), but not with BL. Fast increase in BW occurred in individuals with early embryos (stage I embryos: X coefficient of EL= 2.09) and expansion rate of brood pouch was gradually decreased with embryonic development (II: 0.67, III: 0.29). The number of embryos per batch ranged 4-25(mean 14.8) and more than 50% animals had 13-17 embryos. Decrease in the fecundity with embryonic development [stage I : 8-22 embryos (mean 16.1), II: 5-25 (15.7), III: 4-24 (14.5)] suggests the presence of prenatal mortality in the species.