통합적 접근법 실현을 위한 ODA 정책과제: 전문가 델파이 조사를 기반으로

김대용,이소희,우혜영 국제개발협력학회 2024 국제개발협력연구 Vol.16 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 통합적 접근법(integrated approach) 실현을 위한 국제개발협력(ODA) 사업의 정책과제를 도출하고 이를 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 통합적 접근의 정의와 유형의 재정립, 통합적 접근을 바탕으로 한 개발협력의 방법론 변화, 그리고 방법론으로서의 주류화 가능성에 대한 학술적 논의를 다루는 한편, 전문가 의견조사를 통한 정책과제를 도출하고자 한다. 연구의 중요성: 최근 ODA 사업이 패키지화 또는 대형화되고 있는 상황에서 통합적 접근법에 대한 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 국제개발협력 사업은 단편적인 접근에 치중하는 방식에서 벗어나 복합적이고 포괄적인 관점을 강조하고 있다. 통합적 접근에 대한 담론 형성과 함께 사회적 합의를 통해 만들어진 개념이 필요한 시점이다. 연구방법론: 이에 전문가 델파이조사를 통해 ODA의 통합적 접근을 위한 정책과제를 도출하는 한편, 각 정책과제별 중요도, 시급성, 실현가능성을 평가한다. 조사대상은 국제개발협력 분야의 다년 간의 연구 및 사업 경험을 보유하면서 해당 분야에서 저명한 전문가 중 30명을 비확률적 표본추출을 통해 정부⋅공공기관, 학계, 연구계, 민간 등으로 구성된 전문가 패널을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과: 평가 결과, 내부 요인은 시급한 편이었으나, 실현가능성은 낮은 편이었다. 외부 요인은 시급한 반면, 중요도나 실현가능성이 낮게 나타났다. 즉, 내부 요인들에 비해 외부 요인들이 시급한 반면, 중요하거나 실현가능성이 높지 않았다. 중요도가 높은 정책과제로는 공여국-협력국(수원국)간의 공급/수요에 대한 충분한 논의, 협력국(수원국) 관련 부처/기관과의 협조 강화, 한국 전문 기관의 사업관리 역량 강화가 선정되었다. 결론 및 시사점: 동 연구결과는 ODA의 통합적 접근법에 의거한 정책 수립 및 개발협력 사업 기획에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 더 나아가, 국제개발협력의 통합적 접근법에 의거한 프로그램 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용되면서 관련 국가 정책 수립 및 국가 브랜드 제고에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다. Purpose: This research aims to identify policy tasks for international development cooperation (ODA) projects in order to implement an integrated approach and evaluate them. In this context, the paper redefines the definitions and classifications of integrated approaches, explores methodological changes, and evaluates the potential for mainstreaming. Originality: An integrated approach has been emerging at a time when ODA projects have been packaged or enlarged, emphasizing a holistic and comprehensive perspective. This study aims to derive practical concepts shaped by discourse and consensus among experts in the field. Methodology: The policy agenda for integrating ODA projects is identified through a Delphi survey involving 30 distinguished experts in the field of international development cooperation. The survey assesses the importance, urgency, and feasibility of each agenda item. Result: External factors are more urgent compared to internal factors, but they are not considered more important or highly feasible. The high-priority policy tasks include facilitating adequate discussions on supply and demand between donor and recipient countries (partner countries), enhancing cooperation with relevant departments/agencies in recipient countries, and improving the project management capacity of Korean specialized institutions. Conclusion and Implication: These results are expected to contribute to the development of related policies and program design based on the integrated approach. Furthermore, this research can contribute to the formulation of relevant national policies and enhance the national brand.

생석회를 이용한 하수슬러지와 음식물쓰레기의 자원화 및 경제성 평가

김대용,신현옥,노기 현,홍승목,성낙창 東亞大學校 附設 環境問題硏究所 2007 硏究報告 Vol.29 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate use possibility of final by-products by lime stabilization process and these organic wastes as raw materials of organic compost at Fertilizer Official Regulation of Fertilizer Management Law in 2002. The sewage sludge and food wastes obtained from the S sewage treatment work in B city. All final byproducts were satisfied the standard levels of raw materials regulated in organic compost, but organic matter content of final byproducts were deficient in the level. The pH value of sewage sludge were almost neutral and the food wastes pH value ranged from 4.5 ~4.9. On the other hand, when lime was added, all the mixes became highly alkaline, showing pH values of > 12 for a long period of time after mixing. Therefore, this study unfolded the fertilizer from disposed lime is able to be used for agriculture, forestry and garden. 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지와 음식물쓰레기 를 생석회를 이 용하여 석회 안정화 반응 후 생성된 최종생성물의 유기물함량, 함수 율,중금속 등의 인자를 비료 공정 규격 중 기타 비료 의 석회처리 비료 허용기준과 비교하여 자원화 가능성 및 경제성을 평가한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 석회안정화반응 후 생성된 최종생성물의 분석결과 전 항목에서 농촌진흥청고시 비료공정규격 중 기타비료의 석회처리비료기준 에 적합한 것으로 나타났으나,최종생성물을 다량 또는 장기 사용하는 경우 토양 및 작물에 대한 지속적인 안정성 연구조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 2) 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기에 생석회를 투입한 후 얻은 최종생성물의 유기물함량 결과는 분쇄전의 결과치에 비하여 3-6배 이상이나 높아졌으며,유기물대 질소비가 80-90정도로 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 3) 생석회를 이용한 하수슬러지의 최종생성물 은 농가 보급판로만 개척된다면 부산물 비료나 토지개량제로서도 사용이 가능하기 때문에 그 효과는 엄청날 것으로 판단된다. 4) 최종생성물의 성분을 살펴보면 유기물 함량은 투입원료에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 대개 11-13%로 현행 퇴비기준 25% 에는 미달하는 것으로 나타났다.

양측성 천막상부 뇌동맥류에 대한 일측성 일회접근 결찰술 : 증례보고

김대용,김진욱 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

양측성으로 천막상부의 뇌동맥류가 발견된 경우, 제한된 경우에 한해서, 일측성 테리온 접근법으로 일회 수술로 뇌동맥류 결찰술을 시행할 수가 있다. 48세 여성에서 좌측 중뇌동맥과 우측 전맥락동맥에 두 개의 뇌동맥류가 발견되었다. 우측 전맥락동맥류는 뒤쪽 방향을 향하는 양상이었다. 좌측 테리온 접근법으로 뇌동맥류 결찰술을 시행하였다. 좌측 중뇌동맥에 위치한 뇌동맥류를 결찰한 다음에, 우측 전맥락동맥에 위치한 뇌동맥류를 좌측 테리온 접근법으로 반대쪽 경동맥-시신경 지주막하 공간을 통하여 성공적으로 뇌동맥류 결찰술을 시행하였다. 저자는 양측성으로 천막상부의 뇌동맥류가 있는 경우에 편측 테리온 접근법으로 양쪽 뇌동맥류를 성공적으로 결찰하여, 2차 수술이 필요없게 된 증례를 보고하면서 문헌을 고찰하였다. Patients harboring bilateral supratentorial aneurysms can be approached via the contralateral pterional approach in selected cases. A 48-year-old woman was found to have two aneurysms at the left middle cerebral artery and the right anterior choroidal artery. The main direction of the anterior choroidal artery aneurysm was posterior. A direct clipping was performed via the left pterional approach. After the left middle cerebral artery aneurysm was clipped, the contralateral anterior choroidal artery aneurysm was further exposed and successfully clipped through the contralateral carotico-optic space. The author reports a case of bilateral supratentoral aneurysms that was successfully clipped via unilateral pterional approach, thus avoiding a second craniotomy.

Multiple Spinal Intradural Schwannomas Combined with Sequestered Lumbar Disc Herniation

김대용,김진욱,정주호,조재훈 고신대학교 의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

In this report, we describe a case of multiple intradural schwannomas in the spine combined with a upward sequestered disc herniation at L4-L5. It is often difficult to differentiate this tumor from lumbar disc herniation, especially a sequestered hernia. Gadolinium-enhanced MR images were a useful preoperative examination modality for differentiating these lesions from other diseases. Microscopically, the intradural tumors were successfully removed. The dura maters of the L2 and S1 were opened microsurgically, allowing the nerve fibers involved in the tumor to be identified. The involved fibers were cut around the tumor, and the lesion was resected while the intact nerve fibers were preserved. An upward sequestered lumbar disc herniation at L4-L5 was also successfully removed. Based on histological examination of the resected specimen, the tumors were diagnosed as schwannomas. Microsurgery allowed the tumors to be removed with minimal impairment from cutting of nerve fibers in the each nerve root.

초병렬시퀀싱 방법을 이용한 인간 별아교세포의 MicroRNA 프로파일링

김대용,안성민 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : Astrocytes have multifunctional properties including structural support for nervous tissue and maintaining metabolic environment. Most primary brain tumors such as astrocytomas and glioblastoma originate from astrocytes. MicroRNAs, a class of non-protein-coding RNAs that are ~22 nucleotides in length, have been implicated in the regulation of various biological processes including apoptosis, animal development, physiological functions such as insulin secretion, and differentiation. Recently, miRNAs have been implicated in cancer as important regulators of tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. The purpose of this study was to provide the fundamental data for molecular-biological understanding and development of novel diagnosis and therapies of diseases involved with astrocytes by profiling microRNAs of human primary astrocytes. Methods : Human primary astrocytes were prepared from human fetal brains of 12-15 weeks gestation. Astrocytes were purified from other brain cells containing neurons, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Unlike hybridization-based methods, sequencing-based methods allow for direct discovery of novel microRNAs and detection of variations in mature microRNAs. In this study, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) was applied to microRNA profiling in primary human astrocytes. Results : In total, genomic alignments from 32378 sequence reads were annotated as miRNA, piRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, scRNA, scaRNA, tRNA, rRNA, mRNA or unknown based on their genomic position. Among the 721 known human miRNAs registered in miRBase, 260 miRNAs were recovered in primary human astrocytes libraries. In addition, 27 novel miRNA candidates wered identified from unknown clusters of mapped sequence reads. The total set of novel miRNA candidates comprises 27 unique miRNA sequences from introns (12 sequences), intergenic regions (8 sequences), 5’ UTR of protein-coding genes (2 sequences), and 3’ UTR of protein-coding genes (5 sequence). Conclusion : To the best of our knowledge, this presented work is the first to discribe a miRNA profiling in human primary astrocytes using massively parallel sequencing. Our study might be fundamental for the comprehension of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of such an aggressive tumor as glioblastoma, and give new clues to develop targeted therapies against this still untreatable cancer. Additional studies are now obviously needed to experimentally identify the targets of modulated miRNAs and to correlate them with brain tumor oncogenesis.

초음파 주파수와 음향밀도에 따른 하수슬러지 전처리 특성

김대용,정연화,김한석,정진희,성낙창 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2008 硏究論文集 Vol.31 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigated the pretreatment characteristics of sewage sludge by ultrasonic process. Excess sewage sludge was sampled from N sewage treatment plant (STP) in B city. The ultrasonic processor was designed to operate with 28 kHz and 40 kHz,independently. During sonication experiment, sludge samples were stirred by agitator. The acoustic densities were changed 33 to 139 W/L by control of current strength. The sonication time was in the range of 10 min and 40 min. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of sludge were analyzed with K2Cr207 Closed Reflux Method. The results showed that sonication with 28 kHz of acoustic frequency is better than sonication of 40 kHz in incensement of SCOD/TCOD ratio. Also, the sludge solubilization rates increased as the sonication time and acoustic density increased. The application of dual frequency sonication for sludge pretreatment can be interest for sewage treatment plants having problems in sludge treatment and disposal.

식민지 교육의 폐해와 그 극복을 위한 교육의 과제

김대용 한국교육사학회 2004 한국교육사학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.7

여말 교육적 상황과 선초 교육의 과제

김대용 한국교육사학회 2002 한국교육사학 Vol.24 No.2

예방적 목적으로 저용량 아스피린을 복용중인 환자에서 경도의 두부외상 후 발생한 두개강내 출혈

김대용 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : To discuss and emphasize the potentially elevated risk for intracranial hemorrhage after mild head injury in patients receiving low-dose aspirin prophylaxis. Methods : The author reviewed clinical and radiological data for four patients who underwent craniotomy or trephination for evacuation of their hematoma after mild head injury on low-dose aspirin prophylaxis. Results : The patients included two men and two women, aged 49 to 67 years, who visited the emergency department after mild head injury between July 2008 and April 2009. All were treated with low-dose aspirin therapy(100mg/day). Their hematomas were detected from 2 days to 41 days after mild head injury. Two patients underwent craniotomy and two patients underwent burr-hole trephination for evacuation of their hematomas. In the operative findings, a bleeding tendency was showed. After operation, recurred hemorrhage was developed in all patients. One patient, who suffered from remote cerebellar hemorrhage, complained severe dizziness. Recurred hematomas were treated conservatively, and gradually resolved. Relatively their prognosis was not bed. Conclusion : A suspicion of intracranial hemorrhage should be raised in low-dose aspirin therapy, mild head injury patients, including those who present to the emergency department with Glasgow Coma Scores of 15 and no focal neurologic deficit.

안정형 협심증 환자에서 관상 동맥 협착과 혈중 BNP 농도와의 관계

김대용,박병원,강상구,김지형,권기두,방덕원,현민수,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

..