REDD+ 모니터링 시스템 구축을 위한 원격탐사기술의 활용방안

박태진 ( Tae Jin Park ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),정래선 ( Rae Sun Jung ),김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),권태협 ( Tae Hyub Kwon ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.3

최근 기후변화와 관련하여 국내를 비롯한 국제적인 관심이 증폭되고 있으며, 이러한 시대적인 흐름 속에 탄소흡수원으로서의 산림의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 특히, 산림전용 및 황폐화 방지를 통한 온실가스감축(Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, REDD) 및 산림탄소축적보존 및 증진, 지속가능한 산림경영을 포함하는 REDD+가 post-2012에 이행될 신규 메커니즘으로 활용될 전망이다. 메커니즘의 이행을 위해서는 기본적으로 MRV(Measuring, Reporting and Verification) 시스템을 통해 메커니즘 적용 효과를 인증 받아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 가장 효율적인 모니터링 방법 중 하나로 인정받고 있는 다양한 원격탐사기술의 토지피복변화 탐지 및 탄소축적량 추정하는 방법 및 효과를 비용 및 기술(불확실성)측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과 토지피복변화탐지를 위해서는 중해상도 광학영상 및 위성 탑재 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)가 가장 적합한 원격탐사자료로 도출되었다. 그리고 탄소축적량 추정에 있어서는, 항공기 탑재 LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging), SAR와 같이 불확실성이 낮은 기술과 비용효율적인 기술인 중해상도 광학영상, 위성 탑재 SAR 간의 통합을 통해 효율적인 결과를 도출할 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 하지만, 아직까지 본 메커니즘에 대한 명확한 인증기관, 가이드라인 및 불확실성에 대한 기준이 결정되지 않고 있으므로, 추후 지속적인 관심을 통해 국제적인 흐름을 파악하고, 적합한 방법론을 구축해야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 개발된 메커니즘을 대상 개도국에 활용하기 위해서는 긴밀한 국제협력관계 구축 및 대상국에 적합한 모니터링 방법 또한 고려해야 할 필요성이 있다. In recent years, domestic and international interests focus on climate change, and importance of forest as carbon sink have been also increased. Particularly REDD+ mechanism expanded from REDD(Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) is expected to perform a new mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas in post 2012. To conduct this mechanism, countries which try to get a carbon credit have to certify effectiveness of their activities by MRV(Measuring, Reporting and Verification) system. This study analyzed the approaches for detecting land cover change and estimating carbon stock by remote sensing technology which is considered as the effective method to develop MRV system. The most appropriate remote sensing for detection of land cover change is optical medium resolution sensors and satellite SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) according to cost efficiency and uncertainty assessment. In case of estimating carbon stock, integration of low uncertainty techniques, airborne LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging), SAR, and cost efficient techniques, optical medium resolution sensors and satellite SAR, could be more appropriate. However, due to absence of certificate authority, guideline, and standard of uncertainty, we should pay continuously our attention on international information flow and establish appropriate methods. Moreover, to apply monitoring system to developing countries, close collaboration and monitoring method reflected characteristics of each countries should be considered.

청정개발체제하 재 조림 사업의 토지적격성에 대한 사례 분석 ?고성군 재조림 사업을 중심으로?

( Cui Guishan ),권태협 ( Tae Hyub Kwon ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),곽한빈 ( Han Bin Kwak ),남기준 ( Ki Jun Nam ),송용효 ( Yong Ho Song ),( Yu Hangnan ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.2

For reducing greenhouse gases, many countries carried out a series of activities not only at home but abroad. Particularly, after the release of the Kyoto Protocol, either nation or companies` participation was intensified, due to endow to responsibility of emission limits. This study focused on reforestation CDM work in Goseong Gun based on clean development system. Obstacle factors of land eligibility could be distinguished to three periods: before December 31th 1989, present and future. The obstacle before December 31th 1989 was that land cover of study area hardly illustrated by Landsat image, due to the low resolution, which were confirmed by a document of Grassland Composition Permission instead. The problem of current land eligibility is that the area of trees presence are difficult to be determined as forest or not. The boundary of forest in strata was identified, using 3-Dimensional Cartography Machine and aerial photograph. Land eligibility would still have obstacle whether the study area with trees presence has potentiality to be forest in the future at situation in absence of reforestation project. This was resolved by prediction of tree growth using stem analysis during execution of the project at study area.

GIS 기반 공간정보를 이용한 해양부문의 기후변화 취약성 평가

박선민,이우균,권태협,이버들,손요환,조용성,Park, Sun-Min,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Kwon, Tae-Hyub,Lee, Beo-Dul,Son, Yo-Whan,Cho, Yong-Sung 한국공간정보학회 2011 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.19 No.3

자연 및 인간 시스템에 큰 영향을 주고 있는 해양 부문의 기후변화 적응 대책 수립을 위해서는 기본적으로 해양에 대한 기후변화 취약성 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 해양 부문의 취약성 평가를 위해 민감성, 적응성, 노출 등의 규준을 설정하고, 각 규준에 적합한 평가지표를 선정 후 지표별 공간자료를 구축하였다. 해양부문에서는 평가지표 자료가 육지영역과 해양영역으로 구분되어 있었으나, 본 연구에서는 행정구역별 육지영역 자료를 해양 영역으로 외삽을 통해 통합하였다. 그 결과, 해양부 문의 취약성을 해양영역에서 공간별로 다양하게 나타낼 수 있었다. 민감성의 경우, 남서쪽 해역이 동해와 서해에 비하여 월등히 높은 값이 나타났고, 노출의 경우 서해와 서 남해 해역이 변화율이 높게 나타났다. 반면 적응성의 경우, 동해가 적응성이 가장 높게 나타났으며 전라남도와 제주도 북쪽 해역 또한 다른 행정구역에 비하여 적응성이 높게 나타났다. 이 세 가지 규준을 통하여 평가한 결과 상대적으로 적응성이 높지만 노출과 민감성은 월등히 높은 값을 나타낸 남서쪽 해역이 두드러지게 취약성이 높게 평가되었다. 하지만 본 연구에서 진행된 해양 부문의 취약성 평가는 제한적인 지표를 사용하였기 때문에 적절한 취약성 평가에 필요한 지표들의 자료구축이 필요하다. The vulnerability of ocean should be assessed to establish the climate change adaptation policy in field of the ocean, which has big effect on human and natural system. In this study, the criteria for assessing vulnerability of ocean to climate change were employed in terms of sensitivity, adaptative capacity and exposure. And suitable indicators for the criteria were selected and spatial data set for the indicators was prepared. In the ocean sector, the data for indicators were divided into two types, such as the inland and ocean data. The inland data were extrapolated and integrated to the coordinate of ocean data for the vulnerability assessment to climate change. As a result, the spatially diverse distribution of vulnerability on the ocean could be derived from the integration of two types of data. The results showed that southwestern ocean is much more sensitive than west and east ocean. Also southwestern ocean of exposure ratio of change is higher than the other part of ocean. On the other hand the adaptative capacity found that the highest in east ocean. The vulnerability assessment result showed southwestern ocean is more vulnerable than the other part of ocean.

PGE₁-ethyl Ester함유 발기부전 치료용 요도주입 액제의 제조 및 평가

최한곤,유봉규,이종달,김정애,권태협,우종수,용철순,Choi, Han-Gon,Yoo, Bon-Kyu,Rhee, Jong-Dal,Kim, Jung-Ae,Kwon, Tae-Hyub,Woo, Jong-Soo,Yong, Chul-Soon 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.4

[ $PGE_1$ ]-ethyl ester intraurethral solutions were prepared in ethanol/propylene glycol mixture with penetration enhancer and viscosity-enhancing agent. The stability of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester in intraurethral solution was investigated at various temperature. Simultaneous determination of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester and $PGE_1$ was performed using a validated HPLC technique. In pentobarbital anesthetized cats, increase in intracavernous pressure(ICP), increase in penile length and duration of erectile response were determined after intraurethral application of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester solutions. $PGE_1$-ethyl ester solutions, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces no noticeable irritation, or slight transient conjunctival irritation. From these results, ocular irritation of this solutions was judged as practically non-irritating. The stability study indicates that the therapeutically effective content in solution is well maintained for 46 weeks or longer when they are stored at $4^{\circ}C$. After intraurethral application of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester, ICP was increased and penile erection was induced. $PGE_1$-ethyl ester intraurethral solutions for erectile dysfunction could be developed and evaluated by employing feline erection model.

지구통계학적 기법에 의한 강원폐광부지 중금속의 공간적 분포 양상 예측 연구

김순아,이우균,김정규,신기일,권태협,현승훈,양재의,Kim, Su-Na,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Kim, Jeong-Gyu,Shin, Key-Il,Kwon, Tae-Hyub,Hyun, Seung-Hun,Yang, Jae-E 한국공간정보학회 2012 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 한강중상류유역에 위치한 강원광산부지로부터 발생한 중금속의 오염실태를 파악하고자 주성분 분석과 크리깅 공간통계기법을 시도하였다. 토양 심토에서 제1 주성분(PC1)의 경우 광산 주변의 정남쪽방향에서 정북방향으로 아연과 니켈의 농도가 점진적으로 확산되고 있었으며 제2 주성분(PC2)은 강원광산 중남부지역에서 카드뮴과 수은 함량의 농도가 높게 나타났다. 클러스터 분석결과, D그룹에서 비소와 구리 금속이 공간자기상관관계가 높게 나타났으며 비소의 경우 중금속 농도가 0.83mg/kg로 남에서 북쪽방향으로 증가하였다. 본 연구는 크리깅모델을 이용하여 광산부지로부터 오염토양의 중금속 분포 현황을 공간학적으로 파악할 수 있었고 향후 휴 폐광부지에서 위해성평가 및 정책당국의 결정권자들에게 오염토양 복원에 대한 의사결정시 도움이 될 것이다. This study was performed to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals using principal component analysis and Ordinary Kriging technique in the Gangwon Mine site. In the soils from the sub soil, the contents of Zn and Ni in the PC1 were gradually dispersed from south to north direction, while the components of Cd and Hg in the PC2 showed an increase significantly from middle-south area in the Gangwon Mine site. According to the cluster analysis, pollutant metals of As and Cu were presented a strong spatial autocorrelation structure in cluster D. The concentration of As was 0.83mg/kg and shown to increase from the south to north direction. The spatial distribution maps of the soil components using geostatistical method might be important in future soil remediation studies and help decision-makers assess the potential health risk affects of the abandoned mining sites.

펜틸렌테트라졸 투여 흰쥐에서의 천마의 항경련 작용기전

허근(Keun Huh),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),권태협(Tae Hyub Kwon),김정애(Jeoung Ae Kim),용철순(Chul Soon Yong),하정희(Jeoung Hee Ha),이동웅(Dong Ung Lee) 大韓藥學會 1998 약학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Gastrodia elata (GE) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various brain diseases including convulsion and epilepsy. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of GE (500mg/kg, P.0) to the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsive rats. Methanol extracts of GE significantly inhibited (35%) the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation (25%) in the brain. The ether fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively ibhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently (5.OX10-6 - 2.OX1O-5g/ml). The scavenging effect on hydroxy radicals was found in all the fractions of ether, butanol, and dichloromethane. These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of GE is possibly due to the antioxidative effects of the active components in GE.

GIS를 이용한 기후변화에 따른 산사태 취약성 평가

Xu Zhen,곽한빈(Kwak, Hanbin),이우균(Lee, Woo-Kyun),박태진(Park, Taejin),권태협(Kwon, Tae-Hyub),박선민(Park, Sunmin) 한국기후변화학회 2011 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.2 No.1

휴대용 근적외선 카메라로부터 얻어진 DI(Detection Index)를 이용한 소나무 재선충 피해목의 조기감별

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),권태협 ( Tae Hyub Kwon ),곽두안 ( Doo Ahn Kwak ),김유승 ( You Seung Kim ),이승호 ( Seung Ho Lee ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.3

본 연구에서는 지상형 원격탐사장비인 ADC(Agricultural Digital Camera)를 통해 획득한 영상으로부터 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 값을 산출하여 소나무 재선충병 감염목의 조기감별에 대한 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 재선충에 감염된 임목의 잎은 시들음 현상을 보이게 되고, 이것은 NDVI의 감소를 유발하므로,정상목과 감염목은 시기에 따라 NDVI 변화양상이 다르게 나타난다. 이러한 현상에 착안하여, 시기에 따라 임목의 NDVI 값의 변화량을 보여주는 DI(Detection Index)를 고안하여 감염목의 판별에 사용하였다. 2007년 5월부터 8월까지의 획득된 영상으로부터 감염목과 정상목의 DI 값을 산출한 후, GLM(General Linear Models)을 이용하여 분석한 결과 6~8월 DI 값이 가장 낮은 유의수준(0.0001)에서 두 집단 간에 차이를 보였다. 6~8월 DI 값으로 감염목과 정상목의 집단 간의 차이를 판별분석(Discriminant Analysis)한 결과, DI 값을 통한 감염목과 정상목의 분류정확도(Hit Ratio)는 71.9%였고, 잭나이프(Jack-knife) 추정방법을 사용했을 때는 73.5%의 정확도를 얻었다. 위의 결과를 통해 DI는 감염목과 정상목을 판별하는데 유용한 지수라고 판단되고, 재선충병에 의한 피해를 방지하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of early detection of Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from ADC(Agricultural Digital Camera) imageries. The PWD induces the different patterns of reduction of NDVI between healthy trees and infected trees, due to the withered leaves on the infected trees. Based on these phenomena, the DI showing the NDVI variations of trees by time series was employed to detect the infected trees. To find out the differences of DI level between normal and infected trees, DIs of trees from May to August in 2007 were calculated and these were analyzed with GLM(General Linear Models) in SAS 9.2. As a result, the difference of DI between in June and August shows the most significant level (0.0001). The discriminant analysis was performed between normal and infected trees, using the DI of June and August. As the result, hit ratio of trees and the accuracy of grouping with Jack-knife method were shown 71.9% and 73.5%, respectively. These results showed that the DI is effective to detect the trees infected by the PWD and it is useful to prevent the PWD.

알칼로이드 진통제 DK 1001 의 opioid 수용체 선택성 및 일반약리

김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김대경(Dae Kyung Kim),권태협(Tae Hyub Kwon),용철순(Chul Soon Yong),하정희(Jeoung Hee Ha),허근(Keun Huh),김정애(Jung Ae Kim) 한국응용약물학회 1999 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.7 No.3

DK1001 is a thebain derivative, which is newly synthesized as an alkaloid analgesic. This study was designed to study effects of DK1001 on the ligands binding to the opioid receptor subtypes, and general pharmacology of DK1001. DK1001 inhibited the binding of [^3H]DAMGO, a selective mu-subtype agonist, to the opioid receptor of rat forebrain in a concentration-dependent manner. EC_(50) of DK1001 was significantly lower than that of morphine. DK1001 inhibited the binding of [^3H]DPDPE, a selective delta-subtype agonist concentration-dependently. DK1001(0.5 mg/kg) had no effects on behavior, body temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and intestinal charcoal propulsion of mice. In addition, DK1001 did not affect on the contractilities of isolated muscle strips of aorta, ileum, and trachea of rats. These results suggest that DK1001 might be a potent analgesic without serious side effects.

원보 : PGE1-ethyl Ester 함유 발기부전 치료용 요도주입 액제의 제조 및 평가

최한곤 ( Han Gon Choi ),유봉규 ( Bon Kyu Yoo ),이종달 ( Jong Dal Rhee ),김정애 ( Jung Ae Kim ),권태협 ( Tae Hyub Kwon ),우종수 ( Jong Soo Woo ),용철순 ( Chul Soon Yong ) 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.4