아산시 지표미생물의 분포와 Escherichia coli의 항생제 내성에 관한 연구

이근열,김근하,권문주,권혁구,김연희,이장훈,Lee, Geun-Yeol,Kim, Keun-Ha,Kwon, Mun-Ju,Kwon, Hyuk-Ku,Kim, Yeon-Hee,Lee, Jang-Hoon 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.3

Efforts to evaluate water pollution using indicator microorganisms have been underway for decades, and driven by research on water purity control applications, water quality criteria are growing more and more strict. Furthermore, recent reports indicate that high concentrations of antibiotics are not absorbed, and are present in excrement from animals and humans dosed with unnecessarily high levels of antibiotics. This has emerged as very important issue from the standpoint of being an ecological and health hazard. In this study, water pollution was analyzed through physicochemical and microbiological means, and antibiotic resistance in indicator microorganisms was assessed. In physicochemical analysis, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)$_5$ and chemical oxygen demand (COD)$_{Mn}$ evaluation showed that pollution by organisms was highest at the G1 location with a high human population, and the DP location which has many livestock-containing households. The indicator organism levels at the G1 location were: Total Coliforms (1205 colony forming units (CFU)/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (270 CFU/100 ml), Escherichia coli (253 CFU/100 ml) and Fecal Streptococci (210 CFU/100 ml), while for the DP location levels were: Total Coliforms (1480 CFU/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (438 CFU/100 ml), E. coli (560 CFU/100 ml), and Fecal Streptococci (348 CFU/100 ml). Levels of fecal indicator microorganisms such as Fecal Coliforms, E. coli and Fecal Streptococci were high at all locations in the fall (the period after the rainy season), and the yearly distribution was similar between these organisms. If the number of livestock-containing households was high, almost all strains of E. coli (as distinct from the other indicator organisms) showed resistance to antibiotics, with the degree of resistance varying between areas. E. coli strains from the OY area in particular, which has a high population density, showed strong resistance to AM10 and Va30. While strong antibiotic resistance was observed overall at the DP and OY locations, no resistance was observed at the EB location.

유통 판매중인 콜드브루커피의 미생물 오염도 및 카페인함량 모니터링

권성희,김경선,이보민,한영선,허명제,권문주,엄애선,Kwon, Sung Hee,Kim, Kyung-Seon,Lee, Bo Min,Han, Young Sun,Heo, Myong-Je,Kwon, Mun-Ju,Om, Ae-Son 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.4

최근 원액상태로 장시간 보관이 용이하고 특유의 향을 유지할 수 있는 콜드브루커피가 남녀노소에게 크게 인기를 얻음에 따라 커피판매업체의 규모와 수가 증가하고 있으며, 명절 선물용으로도 각광을 받고 있다. 콜드브루커피는 차가운 물로 장시간 추출한 커피이므로 세균에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 시중판매되고 있는 콜드브루커피의 안전성을 조사하여 소비자에게 올바른 정보와 건강한 먹거리를 제공하고자 하였다. 총 75건의 콜드브루커피를 대상으로 식품공전 액상커피의 규격기준(세균수, 대장균군)과 식중독균 9종 및 카페인 함량검사를 실시하였다. 조사한 결과 온라인에서 구매한 9개 제품의 세균수가 규격기준을 크게 초과하여 검출되었으며, 대장균군 및 식중독균 9종은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 조사한 콜드브루 제품의 평균 카페인 함량은 1.6 mg/mL(240 mL 제품의 경우 카페인 384 mg 함유)이며, 카페인 과다 섭취 시 불면증, 신경과민 등 부정적인 작용들이 존재하므로 성인 기준으로 카페인 최대 일일섭취권고량 400 mg/day을 초과하지 않도록 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. Cold brew coffee extracted from cold water for a long time has drawn public concern over hygiene. This study was carried out to investigate the microbiological contamination levels and caffeine contents in cold brew coffee. A total of 75 cold brew coffees were purchased from offline and online sources. As a result, the average number of bacteria in samples purchased online was 1.14 log CFU/mL (0-6.57 log CFU/mL), while bacteria were not detected in samples purchased offline. Therefore, stricter surveys are required to avoid the food contamination. However, Esherichia coli and nine types of foodborne pathogens were not detected in all samples. The average caffeine content of the samples was 1.6 mg/mL (384 mg/240 mL), so the caffeine almost reached to acceptable daily intake levels (400 mg for adults). However, ten products did not provide any precautions for consumer safety, so improvement of the system is needed. This monitoring data can contribute to the protection of consumer rights and improvement in the safety of cold brew coffee.

인천지역 소아 입원 환자의 엔테로바이러스 역학과 혈청형에 따른 임상양상 비교

조병욱 ( Byoung Wook Cho ),권성은 ( Seong Eun Kwon ),권문주 ( Mun Ju Kwon ),허명제 ( Myong Je Hur ),김경선 ( Kyung Seon Kim ),홍영진 ( Young Jin Hong ),김순기 ( Soon Ki Kim ),권영세 ( Young Se Kwon ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한소아감염학회 2016 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.23 No.1

목적: 소아에서 엔테로바이러스 감염증은 무증상 감염부터 비특이적 발열성 질환, 수족구병, 수막뇌염등 다양한 질환으로 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구는 소아 입원 환자들을 대상으로 엔테로바이러스 감염의 유전자형 별 임상양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2014년 3월부터 2015년 3월까지 인하대병원에 입원한 환자들 중 400명을 대상으로 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)로 엔테로바이러스를 검출하였으며, RT-seminested PCR로 혈청형을 분석하였다. 염기서열의 계통분석을 시행하여 neighbor-joining tree를 작성하였다. 결과: 전체 연구대상 400명 중 112명(28%)에서 엔테로바이러스 양성이 확인되었으며 엔테로바이러스 양성 환자의 평균연령은 2.66세(3일-14세), 남녀 성비는 1.73:1 이었다. 65개의 검체에서 엔테로 바이러스의 혈청형을 확인할 수 있었고, coxsackievirus B5 17례(15.2%), coxsackievirus A16 13례 (11.6%), enterovirus 71 10례(8.9%), coxsackievirus A2 9례(8.0%) 순이었다. 엔테로바이러스 양성 환자들 중 96명(86%)에서 비특이적 발열 증상이 있었으며, 0-11일의 다양한 발열기간을 나타냈고, 평균 발열기간은 3.13일이었다. 발진은 전체 양성환자 중 44명(39%)에서 나타났으며, 수막뇌염은 43명 (38%)에서 나타났다. 염기서열에 따른 계통 분석에서 6개의 유전적 군집이 관찰되었다. 결론: 저자들은 인천지역 단일기관에 입원한 환자에서 분리된 엔테로바이러스의 혈청형과 임상양상을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과가 앞으로 국내 엔테로바이러스 감염의 역학을 파악하는 데에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각한다. Purpose: Enterovirus (EV) infection in children can manifest various diseases from asymptomatic infection to nonspecific febrile illness, hand-foot-mouth disease, and aseptic meningitis. This study was aimed to investigate epidemiology and clinical significance of various geno types of EV infections in pediatric inpatient. Methods: We collected the stool samples from the admitted pediatric patients in Inha University Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCR and semi-nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor joining method. Results: A total of 400 samples were collected during study period and 112 patients (28%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The mean age of EV positive patients was 2.66 years (0.1-14) and sex ratio was 1.73:1. Genetic sequences of EVs were identified; coxsackievirus B5 (17, 15.2%), coxsackievirus A16 (13, 11.6%), enterovirus 71 (10, 8.9%), and coxsackievirus A2 (9, 8.0%). Nonspecific febrile illness (96, 86%) was the most common clinical manifestation and the duration of fever was 0-11 days (mean 3.1 days). Rash (44, 39%) and meningitis (43, 38%) were followed. Patients who were attending daycare center or had siblings accounted for 82.1%. Phylogenetic relationship tree re vealed 6 distinct genogroups among 56 types of EVs. Conclusions: This study is the report of epidemiology, serotype distribution and clinical manifestations of children with EV infection in Incheon. This data will be helpful for further study about the epidemiology of EV infection in Korea.

화물선박의 오염 기여도 산정을 위한 BFM 적용 시 배출량 삭감량에 따른 불확도 분석

이진숙(Jin Sook Lee),이충대(Choong Dae Lee),권문주(Mun Ju Kwon) 한국대기환경학회 2020 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.36 No.6

알레르기 유발물질 미표시 제품 실태 조사

김경선,송성민,권성희,장승은,이보민,김명희,한영선,허명제,권문주,Kim, Kyung-Seon,Song, Sung-Min,Kwon, Sung-Hee,Jang, Seung-Eun,Lee, Bo-Min,Kim, Meyong-Hee,Han, Young-Sun,Hur, Myung-Je,Kwon, Mun-Ju 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.3

For this survey, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing was conducted using 14 species-specific primers to monitor the labeling of allergy-causing substances in various foods. Sixty samples from stationary stores near elementary schools and imported confectionery shops were tested, including snacks, candies, and chocolate. Allergens of milk, wheat, eggs, tomatoes, almonds and peanuts were detected in 30 cases (50.0%). In addition, many products were detected as either containing unlabeled substances or not showing allergen-related information and labeling in Korean. In order to ensure that consumers are able to purchase products safely and securely, a system for thorough guidance and monitoring of allergen-related labeling by domestic manufacturing and processing companies and import-related companies is required. 식품별 알레르기 유발물질 표시사항을 모니터링하기 위해 돼지고기, 우유 등 14개의 종 특이 프라이머를 이용한 유전자 검출법(PCR)을 실시하였다. 초등학교 근처 문구점과 수입과자판매점을 대상으로 알레르기 유발물질에 대한 표시사항이 없는 과자, 캔디류, 초콜릿류 등 60건에 대한 검사를 진행하였으며 그 중 30건에서 우유, 밀, 달걀, 토마토, 아몬드, 땅콩이 검출되었다. 특히 수입제품에서는 알레르기 유발물질을 표시하지 않았거나 한글 표시가 없는 경우도 확인되었으며, 표시 항목 이외의 물질이 검출되는 등 표시 사항이 미흡한 제품들이 다수 확인되었다. 소비자들이 안심하고 제품을 구매할 수 있도록 알레르기 유발물질 표시 사항에 대해 국내 제조가공업체와 수입관련 업체의 계도 및 감시 등 관련 기관 간의 긴밀한 협조 체계가 유지되어야 할 것이다.

항생제 내성균에 대한 황금 추출물의 항균효과

장재선 ( Jae Seon Jang ),김정희 ( Jung Hee Kim ),권문주 ( Mun Ju Kwon ) 한국식품영양학회 2011 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

This study was focused on the determination of antibacterial activity of Scutellaria baicalensis extract against antibiotic resistant bacteria(Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli). Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis were tested for antibacterial activity by paper disc methods. The Scutellaria baicalensis extract in 0.1 g/㎖ and 0.2 g/㎖ showed a significant antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Scutellaria baicalensis extract were appeared to 2,048 ㎍/㎖ at S. Enteritidis, S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli. Finally, the growth incubation curve was determined using Scutellaria baicalensis extract against S. Enteritidis, S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli. The growth of S. Enteritidis was significantly inhibited within 10 hours by the addition of at least 10,000 ppm of Scutellaria baicalensis extract. The 10,000 ppm of Scutellaria baicalensis extract retarded the growth of S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli more than 10 hours. In conclusion, Scutellaria baicalensis extract might be useful to control antibiotic resistant bacteria in vitro.

밀키트(가정간편식) 중 농산물의 잔류농약 안전성 조사

송성민,선유정,서현정,한현호,이가혜,김정임,김명희,허명제,권문주,Sung-min Song,Yoo Jung Sun,Hyun-Jung Seo,Hyun Ho Han,Ga Hye Lee,Jung-Im Kim,Meyong-Hee Kim,Myung-Je Heo,Mun-Ju Kwon 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

밀키트 중 농산물의 잔류농약 안전성 조사를 위해 인천광역시 내 대형마트, 밀키트 전문점 및 온라인 스토어에서 밀키트 27개 제품을 수거하여 원재료 중 채소류 76품목, 버섯류 37품목을 대상으로 잔류농약 339 항목에 대해 분석하였다. 채소류 76품목 중 23품목에서 잔류농약이 검출되었으며, 버섯류 37품목은 검출되지 않았다. 잔류농약 검출률은 20.4%(23건/113건)를 보였으며 평균적으로 인천광역시 유통 농산물의 잔류농약 검출률이 8.0%인것과 비교해 보면 2배 이상 높게 검출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 조사결과 23건의 잔류농약이 검출된 시료에서 총 45 항목이 검출되었으며, 잔류농약 종류는 29 항목인 것으로 나타났다. 살충제 17 항목(37.8%), 살균제 16 항목(35.5%), 살응애제(살비제) 9 항목(20%), 식물생장조절제 3 항목(6.7%)이었다. 검출된 잔류농약 중 청경채에서 2건이 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과하였으며 초과된 농약은 famoxadone 0.034 mg/kg(기준: 0.01 mg/kg 이하, PLS), fenpyroximate 0.302 mg/kg(기준: 0.01 mg/kg 이하, PLS)이었다. 부적합률은 1.8%(2건/113건)이며, 평균적인 부적합률 1.2%와 비슷하게 나타났다. 이번 조사를 통해 밀키트 중 농산물에 다양한 종류의 농약이 잔류하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 밀키트 제품의 특성상 농산물에 대한 잔류농약 기준이 따로 설정되어 있지 않기 때문에 잔류농약에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다고 판단된다. To investigate residual pesticide levels in agricultural products contained in Meal-kits, 27 Meal-kit products were collected from marts, Meal-kit shops, and online stores in Incheon City, South Korea. Seventy-six vegetable and thirty-seven mushroom products were analyzed for residual levels of 339 pesticides. Residual pesticides were detected in 23 out of 76 vegetables and were not present in the 37 mushroom products. The residual pesticide detection rate was 20.4% (23/113 cases). The pesticides famoxadone 0.034 mg/kg (standard: 0.01 mg/kg or less, PLS) and fenpyroximate 0.302 mg/kg (standard: 0.01 mg/kg or less, PLS) exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRL). This survey revealed that various types of pesticides remain in agricultural products in Meal-kits. Due to the nature of Meal-kit products, there is no separate standard for residual pesticides in agricultural products. Therefore, continuous monitoring of residual pesticides is necessary.

Assessment of groundwater quality using statistical analysis in Incheon - focused on Gangwha area -

Hee-jong Yoo(유희종),Young-min Cho(조영민),Hye-rin Cho(조혜린),Sung-eun Min(민성은),Ji-hong Seong(성지홍),Hyun-sup Ha(하현섭),Mun-ju Kwon(권문주) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is widely distributed in groundwater of granite areas. Drinking of groundwater containing NORM such as uranium and radon is highly harmful to human health. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of groundwater quality with NORM and geostatistical analysis. Groundwater samples from 37 wells were collected and measured on 24 items of drinking water quality standards including radon and uranium in 2020. The average concentrations of uranium and radon in groundwater were the highest in granite area. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 was highly enriched with Na⁺, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, HCO₃^- and Sr (40.6 %) strongly associated with soluble ion materials. Both PC2 with F^-, U and Gross alpha (20.3 %) and PC3 with Rn (8.5 %) was related to NORM. PC4 was enriched with Zn (7.0 %). Cluster analysis (CA) revealed three subgroups showing high relationship between Na⁺ and Cl^- of main soluble ion constituents in seawater. This study coupled with statistical analysis is expected to imply appropriate contamination control management for safety of drinking groundwater.