세종의 동기 분석

구자숙(具滋淑) 예문동양사상연구원 2008 오늘의 동양사상 Vol.- No.19

본 연구에서는 미국 대통령들의 동기를 분석하여 각 동기 수준과 주요한 성과차원들 간의 관계를 살펴본 연구들을 개관하고, 세종대왕의 동기를 분석해 본 후 그 결과를 미국 대통령들 및 조선왕조의 다른 임금들의 사례와 비교해 보았다. 동기 프로파일이 미국 역대 대통령들의 리더십 효과성을 잘 예측해 준다는 사실은 다양한 연구들에서 입증된 바 있는데, 권력동기가 높고 친애동기 및 성취동기가 낮을수록 다양한 분야에서 높은 성과가 나타났다. 세종대왕이 리더십을 발휘한 체제와 상황적 틀은 미국 대통령들과는 무척 상이하여, 강력한 왕권을 바탕으로 하는 중앙집중적 권력체계 하에서는 임금들의 동기 프로파일과 성공적인 리더십 간의 관계가 미국 대통령들의 경우와는 다르게 나타날 것이라는 예측이 이루어졌다. 실제로 세종과 태조, 연산군 및 정조의 즉위 교서를 분석하도록 해 본 결과, 세종의 경우에는 세 가지 동기의 수준이 모두 높게 나타났다. 다른 임금들에 비해 특히 높게 나타난 것은 성취동기였다. 태조의 경우에는 권력동기만이 높게 나타나고, 성취동기 및 친애동기는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 연산군의 경우 친애동기는 높고, 성취동기는 중간 정도이며, 권력동기는 낮은 편으로 볼 수 있다. 정조의 경우 성취동기는 높은 편이며, 친애동기는 중간 정도, 권력동기는 아주 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 동기 프로파일의 형태가 역사적 맥락 내에서 가지는 의미에 대해 논의가 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 이미 체계적으로 정립된 동기 분석의 방법을 세종의 리더십에 적용한 최초의 연구로서, 동기의 분석이 리더십 효과성을 이해하는 데 효과적임을 보여 주었다. We reviewed the research exploring the relationship between the motive profile of American presidents and their leadership effectiveness. We, then applied the scoring system for achievement, affiliation, and power motive imagery to the inauguration speech of King Sejong and compared the results with those of American President studies. In the previous studies of American presidents, it was repeatedly shown that a large part of the variance in leader performance might be explained in terms of power, achievement, and affiliation motives. Power was positively related to leader performance, whereas affiliation and achievement were negatively related to leadership effectiveness. However, the political environment under which King Sejong exerted his leadership was quite different from the political situations American presidents are situated in nowadays. Politics in modern times is more diffuse, decentralized and conflicted. It requires bargaining, compromise, and coordinating the conflicting interests of diverse groups. The royal regime with centralized power structure is rather similar to the case of modern business organizations. In the previous studies, the achievement motive turned out to predict success in entrepreneurial ventures. So, it was predicted that high level of achievement motivation expressed in the inauguration speech of King Sejong would be related to his leadership effectiveness. King Sejong's motive profile showed high scores on all three motives: achievement, power, and affiliation. When compared to King Taejo, Yeonsan-gun, and King Jeong-Jo, the level of achievement motive was extraordinarily high. King Taejo was characterized by high power and low achievement and affiliation motivation. Yeonsan-gun's profile was high affiliation, average achievement, and low power motivation. King Jeongjo's profile was high achievement, average affiliation, and low power motivation. The patterns of these various motive profiles were interpreted in terms of historical context. This research was the first attempt to apply the systematic scoring system of social motives to Korean leadership study, and proved that motive analysis was an effective way of understanding political leadership.

한국(韓國) 진도견(珍島犬) 내부기생충(內部寄生蟲) 조사(調査)

김자숙 ( Cha Suk Kim ),이태욱 ( Tae Uk Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1990 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

Observations were made on the infection rate of common internal parasites in Jindo dogs from January to March, 1989. Fecal samples were collected from 115 Jindo dogs in Jindo area. On the basis of egg counting, the following results were obtained; 1. Of 115 fecal samples, 65.2% were appeared as positive. Dogs from intensive dog-rearing places have lower infection rates than others. 2. Of the parasites detected, Toxocara canis was the most commonly encountered(26.1%). 3. Ascarids, flukes and coccidia were more prevalent in pups than in mature dogs, whereas hookworms were detected less often in young dogs than in older ones.

진도견의 심장사상충 감염률 조사

김자숙,김선흥,이태욱,이정길,Kim Cha-suk,Kim Son-hung,Lee Tae-uk,Lee Chung-gil 대한수의사회 1985 대한수의사회지 Vol.21 No.8

Blood sample from 155 Korean Jindo dogs were examined for canine filariae, using the modified Knott test. Most of the blood samples were collected bet-ween 1 : 00 and 5 : 00 p. m. from July to November, 1984. Dirofilaria immitis was found in 19 ($12.

그 여인

李慈淑 淑明女子大學校 音樂大學 學生委員會 1968 淑音 Vol.2 No.-

북한 언어의 폭력성 : 그 원인 및 심리적 영향 Psychological approach to its causes and impacts

구자숙 서울大學校 社會科學大學 心理科學硏究所 1999 心理科學 Vol.8 No.1

임신한 간호사의 피로, 스트레스 및 소진에 관한 연구

김자숙,이영숙 한국직업건강간호학회 2013 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.22 No.3

진도견(珍島犬) 혈액내(血液內) 기생충(寄生蟲)과 호산구(好酸球) 관계(關係) 조사(調査)

김자숙 ( Cha Suk Kim ),이태욱 ( Tae Uk Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1990 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

The present study was conducted in order to get the rela: ionship of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis and eosinophils in blood of Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 141(31, 110) of yellow, 44(17, 27) of white Jindo dogs in undo area. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follcws: 1. There were no significant differences of the hematological values in comparison with others reported values, but the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and the number of eosinophils were high in comparison with other reported values. 2. The mean values of total white blood cell count(P<0.05) , neutrophil(P<0.05) and monocyte(P<0.05) were that the yellow dogs and a tendency toward higher values than the white dogs, but no significant differences were observed. 3. Age-related differences were detected for the total erythrocyte count(P<0.05), hemoglobin content(P<0.001), PCV(P<0.001) and the number of eosinophils(P<0.001). 4. The direct and indirect eosinophil counts were increased with age, there were no significant differences of the values between two groups. 5. Dirofilaria immitis was found in 34(18.4%), increased with age and were relatively significant differences in areas of the 185 Jindo dogs. 6. Survey for hematological values of Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with direct and indirect method. mean values of eosinophil were 2,788 / ul, 3,021 / ul, respectively. They showed that eosinophil had a tendency toward higher values than others, but others were no significant differences.

직장 중년여성의 긍정심리자본, 직무 스트레스와 직무만족이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 예측 요인

김자숙(Ja-Sook Kim) 한국직업건강간호학회 2022 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of psychological well-being in middle-aged female workers by examining the relationship between positive psychological capital, job stress, and job satisfaction. Methods: Data were collected from 145 middle-aged female workers. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess the level of positive psychological capital, job stress, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being. SPSS/WIN version 23.0 was employed for data analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The most significant predictors of psychological well-being in the participants were positive psychological capital, living standards, and hobby. These explained 39% of the variance for psychological well-being. Conclusion: We found that positive psychological capital, living standards, and hobby influenced the participants’ psychological well-being. Therefore, to improve middle-aged female workers’ psychological well-being, developing a program based on positive psychological capital management is necessary.

조직의 창의성-창의적 개인과 소수집단의 역할-

구자숙,이주일외1명 한국인사관리학회 1998 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.22 No.1

경도 정신지체 아동의 상위언어능력

최자숙(Cha-Sook Choi),최예린(Yaelin Choi) 한국언어청각임상학회 2009 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.14 No.2

배경 및 목적: 정신지체 아동의 언어발달 문제는 상위언어능력 발달과 연결되어 의사소통 기술부족, 어휘 선택하기, 농담하기에서 적절히 반응하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 8세 경도 정신지체 아동 15명, 언어연령 일치아동 15명, 생활연령 일치아동 15명을 대상으로 상위언어능력을 살펴보았다. 방법: 상위언어능력 과제는 음운, 의미, 구문에 오류가 있는문항으로 구성하여, 오류 여부 판단 및 잘못된 부분을 수정하도록 하였다. 세 집단의 상위언어능력은 일요인 분산분석으로 비교하고, 언어자극과 시각자극을 함께 준 후의 향상률을 살펴보았다. 결과: 상위언어능력에 있어 경도 정신지체 아동은 언어연령이 동일한 5세 일반아동집단과 생활연령이 동일한 8세 아동집단에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 음운, 의미영역에서는 경도 정신지체 아동집단이 8세 일반아동집단, 5세 일반아동집단에 비해 낮고, 구문영역에서 정신지체아동집단과 5세 일반아동집단이 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 맞는 문장에 대한 인식에서 세 집단모두 맞는 문장이라고 인식하는 정도가 높았다. 두 가지 자극에 대한 아동들의 오류인식과수정 능력은 세 집단 모두 상위언어능력, 각각의 구성요소인 음운영역, 의미영역, 구문영역에서 향상됨을 보였다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구를 통해 정신지체 아동집단이 언어연령이 동일한집단에 비해 상위언어능력이 낮다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이런 결과는 정신지체 아동을 치료할때 상위언어능력을 증진시켜 의사소통 기능을 발달시키는데 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. Background & Objectives: Mentally retarded children suffer from language development problems connected with metalinguistic abilities. They present with improper responses to selected vocabulary words and often fail to grasp verbal humor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metalinguistic abilities of 15 eight-year-olds with mild mental retardation, as compared to 15 language age-matched (i.e., five-year-old) children without developmental disabilities, and 15 chronological age-matched children without developmental disabilities Methods: The evaluation consisted of test items containing errors, the detection of which requires phonological competence, semantic competence, an understanding of syntactic structure and pragmatic competence. The children were asked to judge whether each sentence was correct or incorrect, and were asked to correct any errors they found. The metalinguistic abilities of the three groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, and a development ratio was determined after both a language and picture visual condition were provided. Results: The metalinguistic ability of the mentally retarded children was significantly lower than that of the normal groups. In the areas of phonological and semantic competence, the scores of mentally retarded children were lower than those of the two normal groups. In the area of syntactic structure, both mentally retarded children and language age-matched children performed less competently. When correct sentences were presented, all three groups answered correctly. The children’s error awareness and ability to make corrections in two kinds of stimulations indicated that all groups improved in the components of metalinguistic ability: phonological and semantic competence, and syntactic structure. Discussion & Conclusion: There are few studies on metalinguistic ability, and this study focused on the metalinguistic ability of mentally retarded children. It was concluded that the metalinguistic abilities of mentally retarded children were less developed than those of children with a similar level of language development.