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Boosting Image Caption Generation with Parts of Speech
Philgoo Kang(강필구),Yubin Lim(임유빈),Hyoungjoo Kim(김형주) 한국정보과학회 2021 정보과학회논문지 Vol.48 No.3
일상 생활 속에서의 스마트 기기와 AI에 대한 의존도가 높아지면서, 시각 장애인 보조, 인간컴퓨터 상호 작용 등 다양한 분야에 접목 가능한 이미지 캡션 생성 기술의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 캡션 생성 기능의 향상을 위해 명사, 동사와 같은 언어의 품사(POS) 정보를 이미지로부터 추출하여 활용하는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 복수의 CNN 인코더를 품사 별로 학습하여 품사별 특징 벡터를 추출한 후, 추출한 품사 벡터를 LSTM에 입력하여 캡션을 생성한다. 제안한 모델은 Flickr30k, MS-COCO 데이터 셋에 대해 실험을 진행하며, 사람을 대상으로 2가지 설문 조사를 진행하여 결과물의 실질적인 유효성을 검증한다. With the integration of smart devices and reliance on AI into our daily lives, the ability to generate image caption is becoming increasingly important in various fields such as guidance for visually-impaired individuals, human-computer interaction and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on parts of speech (POS), such as nouns and verbs extracted from image to enhance the image caption generation. The proposed model exploits multiple CNN encoders, which were specifically trained to identify features related to POS, and feed them into an LSTM decoder to generate image captions. We conducted experiments involving both Flickr30k and MS-COCO datasets using several text metrics and additional human surveys to validate the practical effectiveness of the proposed model.
골판지원지 제조업 최적가용기법 기준서의 이해와 개선사항
서경애,김은석,김가희,간종범,홍석영,강필구,Seo, Kyungae,Kim, Eunseok,Kim, Gahee,Khan, Jongbeom,Hong, Sukyoung,Kang, Philgoo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.5
The purpose of this study analyzed the overview of corrugated cardboasrd manufacturing industry and then provide direction for improvement. The BREF (BAT reference document) is an important reference for licensees and officer, including the best available techniques for the industry and achievable environmental performance, technical characteristics, and economic information. In the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process, wastewater pollutants are generated throughout the production process, and water is used in the dissociation and aging process. Atmospheric emissions are mostly generated by steam production from boilers and incinerators for the dry process. SO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, HCl, dust, VOC, and odor were common. In the EU-BREF (European union BAT reference documents) BAT for wastewater have taken up a relatively large proportion. Items of water pollutants in wastewater were common in COD, BOD, N, P, SS, and however EU-BREF had different pollutants such as AOX and salt compared to K-BREF. In order to improve the quality of the K-BREF, it is necessary to devise basic data research method and data acqusitiom method. Consideration should be given to additional environmental management techniques that reflect the emissions characteristics of the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process. In addition, further research is needed to develop methodologies for selecting BATs considering environmental and economic feasibility.
비료제조업의 국내와 EU 최적가용기법 기준서 비교·분석
서경애,김가희,김은석,석희정,신수정,김영란,강필구,Seo, Kyungae,Kim, Gahee,Kim, Eunseok,Seok, Heejeong,Shin, Sujeong,Kim, Younglan,Kang, Philgoo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.3
The integrated permit system is applied to class 1 and 2 atmospheric and water pollutant discharge facilities in 19 sectors. The fertilizer sector should receive a permit for a period of four years, from 2019 to 2023. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the Korean Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference document (K-BREF) and the European Union BAT reference document (EU-BREF) in terms of the process and emission characteristics of fertilizer manufacture. K-BREF is written by focusing on products, whereas EU-BREF is produced on focusing on manufacture process. There are five types of BATs(best available techniques economically achievable) in Korea. These BATs selected mainly to recover and reuse raw meterials and save energy. The number of BATs and BAT-AELs(BAT associated emission level) in K-BREF is smaller than that in EU-BREF. We suggest that BATs and those environmental management parameters in Korea need to further reflect the emission characteristics in the fertilizer sector.