이미징 소나를 이용한 외해가두리 내 참다랑어의 유영 행동 모니터링

황보규,강명희,김민선,Bo-Kyu HWANG,Myounghee KANG,Min-Son KIM 한국수산해양기술학회 2023 수산해양기술연구 Vol.59 No.2

The swimming behavior of pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in the offshore sea cage of the brass fishing net was observed and analyzed by imaging sonar techniques. The cultured fish spent most of the time swimming a circular path along the circular cage wall and continued to swim only clockwise direction without completely changing the swimming direction during the 23-hour observation time. In addition, changed swimming behaviors were divided into four categories: (a) the behavior of a large group temporarily swimming in the opposite (counter clockwise) direction, (b) the behavior of a small group temporarily swimming in a small circular path, (c) the behavior swimming small circular path in the center of the cage, and (d) the behavior of a large group swimming across the center of the cage. The maximum swimming speed of the cultured fish was from 3.5 to 3.8 TL/s, the mode was from 1.2 to 1.4 TL/s and the swimming speed during the day time was faster than at night time. It was confirmed the cultured fish swam not only on the surface but also near the bottom net of the cage during the day, but swam mainly at the upper part of the cage at night.

음향을 이용한 춘계와 추계에 우리나라 동서남해의 수산자원의 공간적인 분포 및 군집특성 조사

박준성 ( Junseong Park ),황강석 ( Kangseok Hwang ),박준수 ( Junsu Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국어업기술학회 2018 수산해양기술연구 Vol.54 No.2

Acoustic surveys were conducted in the seas surround the South Korea (South Sea A, South Sea B (waters around the Jeju Island), West Sea and East Sea) in spring and autumn in 2016. First, the vertical and horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals were examined. In most cases vertical acoustic biomass was high in surface water and mid-water layers other than South Sea A in autumn and West Sea. The highest vertical acoustic biomass showed at the depth of 70-80 m in the South Sea A in spring (274.4 m²/nmi^·2) and the lowest one was 10-20 m in the West Sea in autumn (0.4 m²/nmi^·2). With regard to the horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals, in the South Sea A, the acoustic biomass was high in eastern and central part of the South Sea and the northeast of Jeju Island (505.4-4099.1 m²/nmi^·2) in spring while it was high in eastern South Sea and the coastal water of Yeosu in autumn (1046.9-2958.3 m²/nmi^·2). In the South Sea B, the acoustic biomass was occurred high in the southern and western seas of Jeju Island in spring (201.0-1444.9 m²/nmi^·2) and in the southern of Jeju Island in autumn (203.7-1440.9 m²/nmi^·2). On the other hand, the West Sea showed very low acoustic biomass in spring (average NASC of 1.1 m²/nmi^·2), yet high acoustic biomass in the vicinity of 37 N in autumn (562.6-3764.2 m²/nmi^·2). The East Sea had high acoustic biomass in the coastal seas of Busan, Ulsan and Pohang in spring (258.7~976.4 m²/nmi^·2) and of Goseong, Gangneung, Donghae, Pohang and Busan in autumn (267.3-1196.3 m²/nmi^·2). During survey periods, fish schools were observed only in the South Sea A and the East Sea in spring and the West Sea in autumn. Fish schools in the South Sea A in spring were small size (333.2 ± 763.2 m²) but had a strong SV (-49.5 ± 5.3 dB). In the East Sea, fish schools in spring had low SV (-60.5 ± 14.5 dB) yet had large sizes (537.9 ± 1111.5 m²) and were distributed in the deep water depth (83.5 ± 33.5 m). Fish schools in the West Sea in autumn had strong SV (-49.6 ± 7.4 dB) and large sizes (507.1 ± 941.8 m²). It was the first time for three seas surrounded South Korea to be conducted by acoustic surveys to understand the distribution and aggregation characteristics of fisheries resources animals. The results of this study would be beneficially used for planning a future survey combined acoustic method and mid-water trawling, particularly deciding a survey location, a time period, and a targeting water depth.

어류 추적 기법을 이용한 남해안 욕지도 해역에서 어류의 행동

최정화 ( Jung Hwa Choi ),박준수 ( Junsu Park ),박준성 ( Junseong Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국어업기술학회 2017 수산해양기술연구 Vol.53 No.2

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental information on fish swimming behavioral properties. Acoustic data was collected at nighttime from the 10^th to 12^th March, 2016 near Yokji Island in the South Sea of South Korea, and was analyzed using the fish track technique. This technique is to identify groups of single targets, which shows a pattern of systematic movement. As a result, the differences of the behavioral properties such as depth, swimming speed, vertical direction, horizontal direction, tortuosity, and depth change among days were minor; however, statistical results (Welch analysis of variance) showed significant difference between days. Especially, the target strength (TS) of the 11^th were significantly different from the 10^th and 12^th. It could be assumed that gizzard shad, which was the dominant species from the catch on the 11^th March, might have affected this difference. The correlation between TS and other properties was very week. The significant difference seemed even small differences of average values because of the large data volume.

수산음향기법의 주파수에 따른 남해안의 어류의 군집 및 공간분포 특징

황강석 ( Kangseok Hwang ),박정호 ( Jeong-ho Park ),이정훈 ( Jeonghoon Lee ),차형기 ( Hyung-kee Cha ),박준성 ( Junseong Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국어업기술학회 2016 수산해양기술연구 Vol.52 No.4

Properties of aggregation and spatial distribution of fish were examined based on three lines in the South Sea of Korea using three frequencies (18, 38, and 120 kHz) of a scientific echosounder. The vertical distribution of fish was displayed using acoustic biomass namely nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC). As a result, at 120 kHz high NASC showed from water surface to 20 meters in deep while at 18 and 38 kHz very high NASC presented in 70 ~ 90 meters in depth, especially at line 3. Among three lines, the line 2 had lowest NASC. The horizontal distribution of fish using three frequencies together exhibited high NASC between the eastern South Sea and center of South Sea. In especial, NASC (801 ~ 1,920 m²/n·mile²) was observed along coastal waters from Busan to Tongyeong, Geoje, and Namhae. In regard with the property of aggregation of fish schools, the volume back-scattering strength (SV) of three lines presented close each other, however, the range of S_V in the line 2 was shortest (-53.5 ~ -43.4 dB). The average distributional depth was deep in the order of L3 (32.8 ± 9.0 m), L1 (45.2 ± 9.5m), L2 (49.7 ± 5.6 m). The average altitude was high in the order of L3 (13.4 ± 10.3 m), L1 (17.0 ± 12.6 m), L2 (56.7 ± 5.6 m). The average length, thickness, and area were large in the order of L1, L3, and L2. This means that small sized fish schools were distributed near water surface in the line 2 while relatively large and similar sized fish aggregations between line 1 and line 3 appeared however, fish schools at line 3 had lower distributional depth and smaller compared to those at line 1. Acoustic data were visualized for demonstrating the entire circumstances of survey area. Additionally, there was no correlation between acoustic and trawl results.

음향 신호에 내재된 잡음의 효율적인 소거 방법

박준성 ( Junseong Park ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hoon Lee ),김두남 ( Doo Nam Kim ),박영글 ( Yeongguel Park ),장충식 ( Choong Sik Jang ),박병수 ( Byung Soo Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국수산해양기술학회 2015 수산해양기술연구 Vol.51 No.3

The hydro-acoustic technology has been widely used in not only South Korea but also many foreign countries for various scientific purposes. Unfortunately acoustic data especially collected from field surveys may contain noises caused by a variety of sources. Therefore, it is exceedingly important to eliminate noises when acoustic data are analyzed to derive quantitative results. This study introduced two methods for eliminating noises easily and effectively using post-processing software. Used acoustic data were collected on the Jinhae bay and Tongyeong coast of the South Sea in April 2015. The first method, that is the Wang’s method, placed emphasis on ‘erosion filter’ to eliminate only data samples contaminated by noises. The second method (Yamandu’s method) focused on the ‘resample by number of pings’ to remove pings contained noises. To substantiate the effectiveness of two methods, the mean Sv (Volume backscattering strength), mean height and depth of the fish schools detected were compared between before and after using the noise elimination methods. In the Wang’s method the mean Sv was decreased from -52.4 dB to -52.9 dB, and in the Yamandu’s method from -52.6 dB to -53.3 dB, indicating that noises were successfully eliminated. The mean height (1.5 m) and depth (19.0 m) were same between before and after using two methods showing that the shapes of fish schools were not changed.

춘계와 동계에 남해안 멸치어군의 주파수 반응 특성

박준성 ( Junseong Park ),서영일 ( Young Il Seo ),장충식 ( Choong Sik Jang ),박병수 ( Byung Soo Park ),박상식 ( Sang Sik Park ),안영수 ( Young Su An ),박준수 ( Junsu Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국어업기술학회 2016 수산해양기술연구 Vol.52 No.2

Acoustic surveys using a scientific echosounder and trawl surveys were concurrently carried out in between Geoje and Tongyeong of the South Sea by season. The anchovy schools were identified by trawling in each station and used for frequency response analysis. Frequency responses of anchovy schools by season and species composition ratio were examined using multi-frequencies (18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 kHz). The frequency response r(f), is one of the acoustic characteristics which means the volume back-scattering strength ratio between a reference frequency and other frequencies. In spring, the r(f) of anchovy schools decreased with increased frequency, with the exception of 120kHz. While, in winter, the r(f) continuously decreased inversely proportional to the increase in frequency. Frequency response of anchovy schools presented a distinctive difference between spring and winter, however it did not different in spife of different species composition ratios in schools.

수산자원전용조사선 탐구 21호에 탑재된 최첨단 음향장비 소개와 첫 시험조사

황강석 ( Kangseok Hwang ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hoon Lee ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),차형기 ( Hyung Kee Cha ),최정화 ( Jung Hwa Choi ),이형빈 ( Hyungbeen Lee ),박준성 ( Junseong Park ),강명희 ( Myounghee Kang ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

At the first time in South Korea, the state of the art acoustic systems were mounted on the R/V Tamgu 21. The acoustic systems are an EK80 broadband echosounder (18, 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz) which has two beam modes such as continuous wave (narrowband) and frequency modulation (broadband), an ME70 multibeam echosounder (70-120 kHz), and a SH90 sonar (111.5-115.5 kHz). Acoustic data from broadband mode have a very short range resolution, a large detection range, a high signal to noise ratio, and a wide and consecutive frequency response. In ME70, each individual beam consisted in a multibeam plays a role as a spilt beam. The first trial of the cutting edge acoustic system installed on the R/V Tamgu 21 was conducted from 15 Feb to 29 Feb 2016 in East Sea, South Sea and East China Sea. The properties of the acoustic systems were elucidated and exploratory results from three systems were exhibited. Lastly, issues which should be considered and future research plan are mentioned.