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식민과 제국의 교차로, ‘역(驛)’의 문학사 : 20세기 전반의 대전역을 중심으로
한상철(Han Sang-chul) 어문연구학회 2021 어문연구 Vol.107 No.-
1900년대 초반 철도 개통과 함께 세워진 대전(大田)은 이주민이었던 일본인들의 기득권이 구현된 ‘신흥 도시’였다. 기차역을 사이에 두고, 일본인 상점가와 ‘신사(神社)’가 마주 보는 형국으로 시가지가 구축되었기 때문이다. ‘유곽’으로 대표되는 향락과 ‘신사’로 상징되는 망향의 공간 구축은 제국 일본의 식민지 도시화 과정이 반영된 결과다. 이런 의미에서 20세기 전반 대전역의 변모는 일본이 만들어낸 ‘식민 도시’의 폭력성을 압축해 놓은 축도(縮圖)라 할 수 있다. 이 글의 목적은 강점기 대전의 지정학적 구도를 전제하면서, 1920년 전후 대전의 명암을 재현한 한국과 일본의 텍스트를 검토하려는 데 있다. 1917년 다나카 레이스이(田中麗水)가 간행한 『大田發展誌』에 묘사된 대전의 발전상은, 1920년대 초반 염상섭이나 우치노 겐지 같은 식민지 문학장의 작가들이 재현해 놓은 대전의 타락상과 명백하게 대비된다. 제국의 변경에 세워진 ‘신흥 도시’를 바라보는 상반된 입장과 그 문맥을 검토하는 일은 대전의 초기 도시사(都市史)를 재구성하는 토대가 될 것이다. ‘구더기가 끓는 무덤’(염상섭)으로 묘사되었다가, ‘흙담’으로 둘러싸인 미개척지(우치노 겐지,內野建児)로 재현된 대전은, 다나카 레이스이와 같은 일본인 정착민들이 외면했던 ‘식민 도시’의 민낯을 전형적으로 보여준다. 시기를 달리하여 해방 이듬해의 대전역을 불러낸 채만식은 대전이라는 도시에 새겨진 식민의 상처가 사라지지 않았음을 예리하게 묘파한다. 일본인들은 떠나갔지만, 그 자리에 드리워진 냉전의 그림자 속에서 대전역은 여전히 제국주의의 굴레에 갇힌 ‘음산한 정거장’으로 남게 된 것이다. Daejeon, established with the opening of the railroad in the early 1900s, was a ‘emerging city’ in which the vested rights of Japanese migrants were thoroughly embodied. This is because the city was built in the form of a Japanese shopping street and ‘shinsa’ each other with a train station in between. The establishment of a space of enjoyment represented by ‘Yugwak’ and of mangyang, symbolized by ‘shinsa’, reflects the process of colonial urbanization in Imperial Japan. In this sense, the transformation of Daejeon Station in the first half of the 20th century can be regarded as a condensation of the violence of the ‘colonial city’ created by Japan. The primary intention of this article is to review Korean and Japanese texts that reproduced the contrast of Daejeon around 1920, presuming the geopolitical composition of Daejeon during the period of the occupation. The development of Daejeon, described in 『Daejeonbaljeonji』 published in 1917 by Reisui Tanaka, clearly contrasts with the corruption of Daejeon, which colonial writers such as Yeom Sang-seop and Uchino Genji reproduced through literary works in the early 1920s. do. By examining the contradictory position and context of looking at the ‘emerging city’ established by the imperial change, we attempt to reconstruct the early city history of Daejeon. Daejeon, depicted as a ‘tomb of boiling maggots’ (Yom Sang-seop), and recreated as an unexplored land surrounded by ‘soil walls,’ (Uchino Genji, 內野建児), is a ‘colonial city’ that Japanese settlers such as Reisi Tanaka turned away from. It was a place that typically embraces the naked face. Chae Man-sik, who called Daejeon Station in the year following liberation at different times, sharply culminates in the wounds of colonists in the city of Daejeon. The Japanese have left, but in the shadows of the Cold War over there, Daejeon Station remains a ‘dark station’ trapped in the bonds of imperialism.
한상철(Han, Sang-chul) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.52
이 논문의 목적은 정지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 주목하여 그의 시에 나타난 죽음 의식의 특성을 고찰하려는 것이다. 9편에 이르는 지용의 ‘나븨’ 관련 시 중 다수가 1927년과 1941년에 집중적으로 발표되었다는 사실을 고려할 때, ‘나븨’ 표상의 활용은 시인의 의도와 직접적으로 연동되었을 가능성이 크기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에 주목하여 이루어진 본론의 논지는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지용 시 전반에 걸쳐 등장하는 ‘나븨’ 표상은 죽음과 관련된 시적화자의 정서를 반영한다. 전기와 후기를 불문하고, 대부분의 시에서 시적화자의 비극적 현실 인식과 죽음 의식이 직간접적으로 드러나고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 대한 가장 강력한 대응점은 신산스러운 삶의 고통과 그것을 벗어나는 행위로서의 ‘죽음’이라고 말할 수 있다. 둘째, 비교적 초기에 해당하는 1927년과 후기시의 특징이 전형적으로 드러난 1941년의 ‘나븨’ 표상에는 분명한 차이가 존재한다. 주로 자식의 죽음과 관련된 전자의 ‘나븨’ 표상이 슬픔과 애상의 정조를 바탕으로 한계 상황에 놓인 존재의 절박한 심경과 맞닿아 있다면, 1941년의 시에 보이는 ‘나븨’들은 죽음에 대한 비애 자체에 머물지 않고 외려 삶의 이면을 성찰하게 만드는 관조적 태도를 보여주고 있다. 셋째, 지용의 죽음 의식이 변모하는 중요한 분기점은 1930년대 중반에 발표된 카톨릭 종교시라고 말할 수 있다. 카톨리시즘에 대한 천착 과정을 거치며 현실의 삶과 초월적 삶의 경계에 선 시적 화자의 태도가 형성되었다고 보이기 때문이다. 이처럼 죽음의 비극과 그것으로부터의 초월이 동시적으로 공존하는 세계에 대한 체험은 후기 지용 시의 관조적 세계 인식을 만들어낸 중요한 계기가 된다. The purpose of this article is to bring light on the meaning of the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry by focusing on the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’. Relating to the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’, the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry has three characteristics mainly. First, the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in his poems connotes a painful life and the meaning of the ‘death’ as the act of seeking relief from suffering. second, there are marked differences in the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in Jiyong’s poems which were published in 1927 and 1941. The representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ was based on sentiment of sadness and sorrow in his 1923 poem, while it showed a contemplative attitude to introspect the hidden side of life in his 1941 poem. Third, Jiyong published religious poetry influenced by Catholicism in the mid 1930s. This was a important turning point which the death consciousness of Jiyong was transfigured. In the process of digging into Catholicism, it is shown that the narrator’s attitude is formed from the boundaries between practical life and transcendental life.
이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
한상목,신건철 江原大學校 産業科學硏究所 1982 産業技術硏究 Vol.2 No.-
The cause of efflorescence originated from calciumsilicate hydrate brick was studied and some reports on efflorescence were reviewed. The main ingredient of undesirable efflorescence powder was sodium sulphate. It was found that influx of sodium and sulphur components was resulted from hydration water and fine sund.
한성철,박준석,홍준혁 龍仁大學校 人文社會科學硏究所 2005 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.12
Objective of the research which it who the security secretary workers it measures an occupation professionalism level in the object and it follows there probably is in form of educational level and career and the enterprise and a what kind of difference, it will grasp. the effect where the occupation professinalism goes mad to the duty satisfactory degree of the secretary and a bet hazard construction and ti will reveal it will se the actual proof verification agarinst hereupon it will attempt, the occupation ceremony of the excort secretary what kind of effect will go mad to a duty satisfaction and it will split and it examined closely. The data process used the SPSS staistical package and it did reliability verification of each variables it executed a frequency analysis, the reliaility analysis which uses a habard Cronbach's alpha coefficient. And composition concept propriety of construct validity hazar factor analysis it executed a verificaton. moreover, regression analysis is applied in order to often see the significance of the difference between groups over an occupational consciousness factor Independent variable of the shown hypothesis, and a subordinate variable being involved verificaton and a check sake. which was involved person and carried out analysis and regression analysis the conclusion th this is as follows Factor whom from the resarch which first, it sees it sets with the composition factor of occupation professionalism namely. professionalism recognition and duty devotion, the pride regarding an occupation and the continuous service factor the differnce did not exist from the other factor who excepts and educational level professionalism recognition. The social recognition against and escort secretary changes affirmatively, the phase from inside systematizing improves and the chance which is the prossibility of feeling a pride and the effect regarding a business follows many in the burden and there is a non possibility with the fact that the general occuptation ceremony lovel of the secretary improves. The construction which means the recording duty satisfaction where the occupation ceremony of the escort secretary worker will be high will be high came to reveal tith the fact that it is to occupation ceremony and duty satisfactory this just interrelation. The interrelationship where duty devotion moral immanence the satisfaction is high specially relative to seem.
생태적 개념을 도입한 환경친화적 건축 재료 구현에 관한 연구
한성원,박철민 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2005 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.2
Environment Friendly architecture, which will reduce shortcomings of current architectural culture, can be achieved by using natural energy and environment friendly building materials together with their environmental architecture techniques. Particularly, even though the overall building system is perfect, it cannot be considered as comfortable architectural space if the materials are polluted, harmful to human bodies and producing wastes. Therefore, in order to build environment friendly architecture, the selection of the materials is very important and necessary from the planning stage with careful reviews and concern. This study tries to define what the environment friendly materials are, to investigate and to classify them, in order to provide some guidelines for selecting them at plans to build. For example, the materials can be classified into natural materials, continuously usable materials, recycled materials from wastes, and less polluting materials mixed with natural matters. Finally, this study reviews the existing products in the market and proposes to develop new ones in the future. It will present the circulation of resources in the 21 century throuth recycled and reused materials.
주요 우울병 환자에서 Sertraline의 항우울 효과에 대한 임상적 연구
한오수,박종익,이철,이성동,박인호 울산대학교 의과대학 1994 울산의대학술지 Vol.3 No.1
As the psychopharmacological tool in the treatment of major depression, traditionally Tricyclic antidepressants has been used. But recently SSRIs(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) are introduced. They have the characteristics in that serotonin concentration would be elevated when receptors blocked by SSRIs, and they have less anticholinergic, antihistaminergic, antiadrenergic effect. We evaluated the antidepressive effect, side-effect and physiological effect of Sertraline in 20 Koreans, who were diagnosed as the ,ajor depression in DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria. Dosage was 50 mg, and total duration was 4 or 6 weeks. We have the result that the depressive symptoms were improved in terms of H.D.S(Hamilton Depression Scale) and B.D.I.(Beck Depression Inventory) including C.G.I.(Clinical Global Impression). Significant improvement was noticed after 2 weeks, and this effect was sustained in 4-6 weeks. side-effect was appeared, which were mainly gastrointestinal troubles including dyspepsia. anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain. But it was not the extent of stopping of the study. The physiological changes were not occurred. Generally we concluded that Sertraline has the antidepressant effect.
한성철 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2004 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.16
Gem-like, musically rhymed poems in the dialect of Friuli, were the first published works of Pier Paolo Pasolini in Poesie in Casarsa(1942) and in La meglio gioventu(1954). Reviewing the former, Gianfranco Contini observed that Pasolini was using a dialect not so as to strike, as traditionally, a 'lower', more popular, but a more exquisite register than that available in standard literary Italian. Pasolini flaunts his virtuosity in his first Italian collection, L'usignolo della Chiesa Cattolica, written in the 1940s but published in 1948, which runs through a startling variety of styles, subject-matters and poetic modes or genres, including genuinely prosaic prose-poems, liturgical and evangelical poems, sex, statuary, panoramic vistas, and more. Before he was hounded out of his maternal Csarsa to Rome, on an unproven charge of seducing minors, he wrote a novel on fresh Friulan peasant youth, Il sogno di una cosa(1962), and two even more tongue-in-cheek homo erotic novels. Amado mio and Atti impuri(1982). By 1954, he had grasped the contradictions of his own person, his culture and his times in the long poem 'Le ceneri di Gramsci'. republished in the volume of the same title. Here, in super-sophisticated terza rima with decadent-realist coloritura, he addresses the dead Gramsci and confesses his own, and Italy's, inability to live up to Gramsci's historic vision of proletarian revolution. Pasolini published his ultra-realist quasi-novel, Ragazzi di vita(in 1955), which became the target of a politico-literary hullabaloo and also an obscenity trial, and hastened the death of neo-realism by its presentation, largely in their own raw slang, of the hopelessness of the underclass of youths of the Rome slums. Pasolini waged war on his own and other people's irrationalism, founding in 1955 the Bologna journal Officina, as co-editor. Officina, keeping a neo-Marxian faith, championed neo-experimentalism against the newborn neo-avantgarde, presumptively anti-rational, anti-scientific and anti-objective.
2-methoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane의 광화학분해에 관한 연구
韓性彬,金奎喆,成大東 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.3 No.1
Photochemical decomposition of 2-meothoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane in methanol-acetonitrile binary solvent mixtures gave the O-H insertion, hydrogen-migration and phenyl-migration products to carbene. Kinetic data showes the maximun rate phenomenon at 70% (v/v) methanol content in methanol-acetonitrile binary solvent mixture. From Linear Solvation Energy Relationship by Taft's equation, the decomposition reaction of 2-meothoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane was affected not only by hydrogen bond acceptor basicity of the solvent, but also the polarity-polarizability ability of solvent a little bit.