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Young-Chul Kim,Hyun-Hee Chae,Sang-Heock Oh,Seung-Ho Choi2,Moon-Pyo Hong3,Gi-Heum Nam,Jae-Yoon Choi,Hyun-Sook Choi,Kyu-Song Lee 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.
송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2
This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.
최상규,남철현,김무룡,김기열,강영우,문기내 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-
This study was conducted to examine ear, nose, and throat diseases of community residents and related factors in Korea. 475 people who were experienced in suffering from the ear, nose, and throat diseases were chosen as the subjects of this study. Data were collected in Daegu, Kimchon, Andong, Pohang, Kyungsan from February 1, 2000 to May 30, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Among ear, nose, and throat diseases, the incidence of throat diseases was highest (42.3%). The incidence rate of nose diseases was 31.9%, while that of ear diseases was 25.7%. The incidence of these diseases were significantly related to the variables of sex, age, occupation, religion, education level, smoking, and drinking. 2. When the respondents were afflicted with ear diseases, 47.7% of them was treated in ear, nose, and throat hospitals or clinics, while 29.4% of them was treated in general hospitals or clinics. 13.2% of them just endured without receiving treatment. 5.7% of them was treated in their homes and 3.9% of them was treated in pharmacies. 3. 28.9% of the respondents was treated for their ear diseases during two weeks; 24.2% 'during one week'; 20.5% 'during three to four days'; 12.6% 'during one to two days'; 9.0% 'during one to two days'; 4.8% 'during over six months'. The period of treatment was significantly related to the variables of sex, age, occupation, marital status, religion, smoking, drinking, and exercise. 4. When the respondents took nose diseases, 27.4% of them was treated in ear, nose, and throat hospitals or clinics, while 24.7% of them was treated in general hospitals or clinics. 18.6% of them just endured without receiving treatment. 17.7% of them was treated in pharmacies and 5.9% of them was treated in their homes. 5. 27.0% of the respondents was treated for their ear diseases during three and four days; 23.6% 'during on week'; 17.3% 'during two weeks'; 13.5% 'during one to two weeks'; 10.0% 'during one to two months'; 8.6% 'during over six months'. The period of treatment was significantly related to the variables of sex, ccupation, religion, education level, smoking, drinking, and exercise. 6. The throat diseases were caused by cold (30.2%), tonsils (29.3%), and bronchitis (15.7%). When the respondents took throat diseases, 26.1% of them was treated in ear, nose, and throat hospitals or clinics, while 25.3% of them was treated in general hospitals. 20.2% of them was treated in pharmacies and 12.4% of them just endured without receiving treatment. 10.3% of them received reatment in clinics, while 5.6% of them was treated in their homes. 7. The level of satisfaction with treatment for ear diseases was 3.58±1.12 points on the basis of 5 points, while that for throat diseases was 3.19±0.085 points. In case of information sources on ear, nose, and throat diseases, 31.8% of the respondents obtained the information from doctors, while 21.4% of them got it from TV or Radio. 15.9% of them obtained it from family members, neighbors, or friends and 10.0% of them obtained it from magazines, newspapers or pamphlet. Only 7.0% of them got it from pharmacists. 8. 67.2% of the respondents thought that mass media dealt with the ear, nose, and throat diseases lightly. 40.6% of them replied that education and publicity of those diseases would be necessary, while 10.7% of them replied those would not be necessary. Among the ear, nose, and throat diseases, the incidence rate of throat diseases was highest (42.3%). The ear diseases showed the highest level of satisfaction with treatment, while the throat diseases displayed the lowest level of satisfaction with treatment. Although the diseases are very serious in Korea, they are dealt with lightly in terms of education and publicity through using mass media. Therefore, the government, otorhinolaryngologists, and related associations must make great efforts to prevent the diseases.
슬관절에 히야루론산 주입후 발생한 활막성 연골종증 : 증례 보고
최의성,김용민,김동수,손현철,박경진,조병기,배승환 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2009 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.18 No.2
활막성 연골종증은 비교적 드문 양성 종양으로 관절내 활액막 결체조직의 양성 반응성 이형성에 의해 여러 개의 연골성 결절을 형성하고 이것이 관절내로 유리되어 유리체를 형성하는 질환으로 주로 슬관절에 발생한다. 활막성 연골종증의 정확한 발생 기전은 아직 밝혀지지 않았으나 외상, 감염 등이 원인으로 제시되고 있다. 저자들은 슬관절 내 히야루론산 주입후 발생한 슬관절내 활막성 연골종증을 1 례 경험하였으며, 관절경적 제거술을 통해 만족스런 결과를 얻었다. As a relatively rare benign tumor, synovial chondromatosis forms several cartilaginous nodules by the benign reactive metaplasia of synovial connective tissues within joints, which are loosed into the joints and cause a disease forming loose body mainly in knee joint. Accurate mechanism of synovial chondromatosis has not been clarified yet; however, trauma, infections and others have been suggested as its possible causes. The authors of this study experienced an example of a patient with synovial chondromatosis in knee joint occurred after the injection of hyaluronic acid in the joints and had a satisfactory outcome through the arthroscopic resection.
최영규,김용우,김현철 서울保健大學 1997 論文集 Vol.17 No.1
Recently according to the individualization and differentiation in consumers` lifestyles, there are many changes in the distribution types of products. Especially owing to the increase of women in the work force, the single population and the night active population, in the past few years the rapidly growing convenience stores are becoming fixture in our society as a popularized retailer. Accordingly, going beyond the primary role of preserving contents and protecting quality, package design at a convenience store, on the premise of it being self-service, serve as a means of sales promotion strategy, to induce the purchase by communicating information and favorable image to the consumer. Developing package design with consideration to these special features of a convenience store must be improved by satisfying the following points: · to produce positive corporate image by developing private brands for a differentiation strategy. · to induce impulse buying owing to direct advertising by developing package designs which considers P.D.P. functions. · to stimulate the consumers` desire to purchase and to revitalize the store atmosphere by package design which maximizes effects of the displays. · to produce brand logotypes that has outstanding communicative properties and that can be long remembered. · to develop a color strategy which suggests a product's features, can touch the consumer's sensibility, and can minimize stress to the eyes. · to produce a systematic layout which leads to visual order of detail design elements.
최재필,조형규,최현철,황용하 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11
The purpose of the ERAM model proposed in this paper is to analyze the spatial importance immanent in the intrinsic structure of spaces. Use of the adjacency matrix representing the connection of spaces makes it possible to analyze the spatial structure itself. On the assumption that a large number of people move continually at random in the system, the ratio of elements in any row of the n-th power of the adjacency matrix means the ratio of people of all nodes in equilibrium. Mathematically, it is the ratio of eigenvector corresponding to the dominant (maximum) eigenvalue, Therefore it is the attribute immanent in the structure of spaces itself. Moreover, it is possible to consider the relative level of attraction of spaces and the relative flow from spaces to spaces only by putting the gravity on the adjacency matrix. The ERAM model brings forth the flexible result reflecting the relativity of spaces and flows.
방사선조사가 백서 법량질형성 과정에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
최순철,유동수,최현배,박태원 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1997 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.27 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiation effect on the stages of amelogenesis. Twenty 11-day-old rats which were irradiated by 4Gy of gamma radiation on the 19th prenatal day were used for the experimental group and twenty 11-day-old rats which were not irradiated were used for the control group. The length of each zone of amelogenesis were measured on the sagittal section using a light microscopic enlargement at 400 x the normal view while the morphologic changes of ameloblasts of each zone were observed electron-microscopically. The obtained results were as followed: 1. The length of the region of facing pulp and facing dentin of the zone of presecretion were increased by 11.5%(p<0.05) and 17.7%(p<0.01), respectively. 2. The length of the zone of secretion was increased by 17.3%(p<0.01), but the zone of maturation was decreased by 15.3%(p<0.01). 3. The total length of the zone of amelogenesis was not changed significantly(p>0.05). 4. Electron-microscopically, enlargement of the cell membrane, rER, mitochondria, and nuclear membrane were observed. These changes were mostly severe in the zone of maturation.
서울시 대기오염과 호흡기 질환 환자와의 관련성에 대한 시계열적 연구
최병철,구정완,박성균,임현우,이강숙,이원철,박정일 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1
목적 : 서울시의 대기오염 수준이 호흡기 질환 외래 환자수에 미치는 단기 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1997년 7월부터 1998년 6월까지 서울시의 대기오염자료와 호흡기 질환에 대한 의료보험자료를 분석하였다. 추세변동과 기상요인, 요일 및 주별 효과등의 교란요인을 제어하고 관련성을 평가하기 위하여 generalized additive model(GAM)을 이용하였다. 결과 : 교란요인을 제어한 기본모델에 각 대기오염 물질을 포함시켜 분석한 결과, CO는 모든 연령층에서 일정하게 당일 농도가 가장 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고(RR=1.041∼1.051), NO₂역시 3일전의 농도가 모든 연령층에서 가장 유의한 영향을 미쳤다(RR=1.024∼1.050). O₃와 SO₂는 4일전 농도부터 당일 농도까지 지연시간이 길게 나타나는 특징을 보였으며, 15세 이하에서는 3일전 농도가(O₃RR=1.047, 95 % Cl=1.045∼1.049, SO₂RR=1.018, 95 % Cl=1.017∼1.020), 15-64fll (O₃RR=1.035, 95 % Cl=1.032∼1.037, SO₂RR=1.037, 95 % Cl=1.035∼1.039)와 65세 이상 (O₃RR=1.042, 95 % Cl=1.033∼1.051, SO₂RR=1,029, 95 % Cl=1.022∼1.036)에서는 당일 농도가 가장 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. PM□은 유의성이 낮게 나타났는데 15세 이하는 하루 전 농도(RR=1.011, 95 % 71=1.010∼1.013), 15∼64771(RR=1.021, 95 % Cl=1.019∼1.023)와 65세 이상(RR=1.025, 95 % Cl=1.018∼1.032)은 당일 농도가 유의하게 나타났다. 두 포염물질씩을 기본모델에 포함시켜 분석한 결과 CO, NO₂, O₃는 상대위험비가 '단일 오염물질모델'의 값과 거의 일정하게 통계적 유의성을 유지하였으나 SO₂는 15세 이하에서 NO₂와 같이 포함된 모델에서 통계적 유의성을 상실하였다. PM□은 모든 연령층에서 CO와 같이 포함된 모델에서 통계적 유의성을 상실하여 '단일 오염물질모델'에서 나타난 유의성이 CO에 의한 교란작용의 결과임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 15세 이하에서 NO₂, 15∼64세와 65세 이상에서 502와 같이 포함된 모델에서 역시 유의성을 상실하여 본 연구에서 살펴본 호흡기 질환에 미치는 PM□의 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 서울시의 일상적인 대기오염이 여러 호흡기질환의 발생을 증가시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다. 따라서 대기오염의 효율적 규제에 대해 보다 적극적인 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate whether air pollution levels in Seoul have short term effects on respiratory disease outpatients. Methods : We analyzed five air pollutants (CO, NO₂, O₃, SO₂, PM□) and daily counts of outpatient for respiratory disease divided by age group ((15yrs, 15-64yrs, 654yrs)during the period of July 1997-June 1998 using Generalized Additive Model (GAM) . Results : After controlling for seasonal trends, day of the week, week of the month, temperature and humidity, CO (RR=1.041 ∼1.051, 0-day lag) and NO₂(RR=1.024∼1.050, 3-day lag) were significantly associated with daily counts for respiratory disease in all age groups. O₃and SO₂were associated, with a 3-day lag in the age group under 15 years (O₃RR=1.047, 95% Cl=1.045-1.049; SO₂RR=1.018, 95% Cl=1.017-1.020) and with a 0-day lag in the age group 15 to 64 years (03 RR=1.035, 95% Cl=1.032-1.037; 502 RR=1.037, 95% Cl=1.035-1.039), in the age group over 65 years (O₃RR=1.042, 95% Cl=1.033-1.051; SO₂RR=1.029, 95% Cl=1.022-1.036). PMlo was weakly associated, with a 1∼day lag In the age group under 15 years (RR=1.011, 95% Cl=1.010-1.013) and with a 0-day lag in the age group 15 to 64 years (RR=1.021, 95% Cl=1.019-1.023), in the age group over 65 years(RR=1.025, 95% Cl=1.018-1.032) . In the' two pollutant model', the magnitudes of the recta alive risk for CO, NO₂nd O₃were maintained, but SO₂was not assoclated with daily counts for respiratory disease in the age group under 15 years after controlling for NO₂-PM□ was not associated in all age groups after controlling for CO, so the association with PM□ in the' single pollutant model' might be confounded by CO. In this study, the impact of PM□ on the respiratory disease was not large as compared with other pollutants. Conclusions : Air pollution in Seoul may Increase the Incidence of the respiratory disease, so more positive attention for the control of air pollution should be paid.
광도 변화가 광중합형 컴포머와 컴포짓트 레진의 중합도 및 불소 유출에 주는 영향
최재윤,이해형,임범순,이용근,신현철 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4
The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluoride releasing behavior of one self-curing glass-ionomer (Fuji II), one light-curing glass-ionomer (Fuji II LC), three compomers (PrismaFlow, UniFil F, and Dyract AP) and SIX composite resins (Flowline, Fissurit FX, Flow-It, Wave, Heliomolar Flow, and Glacier) as a function of light intensity. Disk type specimens were stored in deionized water at 37℃ for 1, 2, 4, 8 hrs and 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The deionized water was changed after measurements. The amount of fluoride ion, which was released from specimens, was measured by pH/ISE Meter (Istek Model 730P, Korea) with fluoride electrode. The results were statistically compared by Tukey multiple comparisons test (p=0.05). There were significant differences in degree of polymerization between specimens with 1 hr after irradiation and those with 24 hrs after irradiation (p<0.05). The cumulative amount of fluoride released was decreased with increasing light intensity (or degree of polymerization). The fluoride-releasing patterns of specimens were significantly different (p<0.05).