정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Monosodium glutamate 投與가 初生雛 甲狀腺에 미치는 影響에 관한 微細構造的 硏究

白泳基,梁弘鉉,金壽明 全北大學校 附設 畜産開發硏究所 1987 畜産開發硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-

The present study has been undertaken to investigate ultrastructure of parafollicular cell of the thyroid gland of chichens that had been treated with Monsodium glutamate (MSG). The experimental animals were used 1 day old broiler chicken (hubbard strain). The experimental groups were given 3㎎/g(of body weight) of MSG dissolved in physiological saline solution by orally once in a day for 3 weeks. These experimental chicken were devided into two groups : 2 weeks and 3 weeks treated group. The chicken were sacrificed by exanguination 2 weeks and 3 weeks after administration of the MSG of vehicle(control). The specimens obtained from thyroid gland were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with electron microscope. The obtained results suggest that secretory granule in the parafollicular cells were decreased in MSG treated group.

섬바디의 家畜 飼料化에 關한 硏究 : 섬바디의 發芽 特性 및 初期生育 促進 方法에 對하여 On the characteri tics of germination and the method of improving the early stage growth of Dystaenia takesimana

白泳基,許三男 全北大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

To find out the factors causing the slow growth of Dystaenia takesimana in the early stage of growth, its germination and growing characteristics were studied through investing changes in seed nutrient contents and the efficiency of nitrogen utilization during germination and early growth. The results were as follows: 1. The time required for germination for Dystaenia takesimana was longer than for alfalfa or orchard grass. 2. Carbohydrates in Dystaenia takesimana seed was hardly changed during germination, and carbohydrates in cotyledon was lower than that in root on the contrary to orchard grass. 3. Protein content of the seeds of Dystaenia takesimana was increased in the linear pattern as germination progressed. 4. Changes in oil content of Dystaenia takesimana was very little during germination, while the seeds of alfalfa and orchard grass were greatly decreased. 5. Compost was most effective for the growth of Dystaenia takesimana and NO_3 -N was least effective among nitrogen sources investigated. 6. There were significant correlation between yield and total nitrogen absorbed(0.9265^**), efficiency of fertilizer(0.9412^**), and nitrogen efficiency(0.7984^*). 7. Root growth of Dystaenia takesimana was very poor during the first nine months of growth which was high thereafter as compared to its shoot growth. 8. The ratio of leaf to the shoot of Dystaenia takesimana was decreased with shoot growth which was reverse with alfalfa. 9. The neutral soil was definitely for better growth of Dystaenia takesimana. 10. When 55% of the sun-light was blocked, its growth and yield were much better.

포천천(포천군)의 관속식물상

백원기,정영재 대진대학교 2000 大眞論叢 Vol.8 No.-

This study was to establish the floristic composition in Pocheon stream(a total of 8 sites) of Pocheon-gun. Vascular plants were composed of 53 families, 129 genera, 150 species, 20 varieties, and 3 formae, totaling 173 taxa(inc1uded 21taxa of aquatic plants), Persicaria lapathifolia and Humulus japonica were the predominant species. A new forma-species, Quamoclit angulata for. alba (Convolvulaceae), is described from karae-ri, Pocheon-gun, Kyongkido, Korea. A naturalized plants were 25 species, correspond to 11.5% of totaling 218 species appeared in South Korea. The Life-form were Geophyte(6.9%), Magaphanerophytes(7.5%), Nanophanerophytes(5.8%), Microphanerophytes (4.1%), Chamaephytes (5.2%), Hemicryptophytes(l4.5%), Hydatophytes (12.1%). Therophytes (43.9%) respectively. Also the original aquatic plants were Sium suave, Potamogeton oxyphyllus, Najas minor, Lemna paucicostata and Spirodela polyrhiza.

試驗管 培養法에 의한 緬羊 胃腸內 線蟲類 感染率의 推移에 關한 硏究

白永基,李周默,李相坤 全北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Followed on the first survey in 1974, infection rates and mixed infection of gastro-intestinal nematodes in 215 sheep which were fed in the Unbong Branch farm of National Breading Center were examined by the culture of fecal samples. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Eleven species of nematodes were detected in the samples collected from 215 sheep and infection rates of each worm were Bunostomum trigonocephalum 1.86%, Chabertia ovina 4.19%, Hemonchus contortus 3.73%, Nematodirus filicollis 4.65%, Nematodirus spathiger 7.44%, Oesophagostomum colmbianum 3.26%, Strongyloides papillosus 1.86%, Thichostrongylus axei 12.09%, and Trichostrongylus vitrinus 3.26%. 2. In the state of mixed infection, single infection was 14.42%, double infection was 9.77%, triple infection was 2.79%, and quadruple infection was 2.79%.

韓牛 胎子의 大腿骨 骨端軟骨板 形成에 關한 組織化學的硏究

白泳基,梁弘鉉,金壽明 全北大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

This experiment was earried out to study histochemical changes of calcium deposition, distribution of collagenous substances and morphological changes in the cartilage canal at 60-70 days of gestation periods in the proximal epiphyseal growth plate of the Korean native bovine fetal femur. The results were as follws. 1. The cartilage cannals were observed in the inner layer of perichondrium of the lst group (C-R length 51-60mm) in bovine fetal femur. 2. Bone marrow cavities and calcium deposits were observed in epiphyseal plate of the 2nd group (C-R length 61-70mm) in bovine fetal femur. 3. Collagenous substances were reacted positively in chondrocyte of lower part at hypertrophic zone in epiphyseal plate and inner layer of perichondrium of the 2nd group(C-R length 61-70mm) in bovine fetal femur. 4. Bony spicules and osteoclasts were observed in calcifying zone in epiphyseal plate of the 4th group(C-R length 81-90mm) in bovine fetal femur.

측모두부방사선 사진을 이용한 아동 위턱뼈굴 성장의 누년적 고찰

박영석,백기석,장미숙,이승표 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.2

부상형 직파육묘방법에서 cell 크기에 따른 dibbling의 깊이가 담배 묘 생육에 미치는 영향

김영신,신주식,백기현,배길관 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The objects of this study were to search ideal dibbling depth and cell size in direct-seeding improved float system. Percentage of dry cell was high in dibbling depth of 0.0mm and 7.5mm in every cell size. Dibbling treatment increased the seed germination rate. Germination power of the 128 cell was high in dibbling depth of 15.0mm or more, and that of the 162 cell and 200 cell was high in the depth of 12.5mm or more. Rate of usable plant of the 128 cell was high in dibbling depth of 15.0mm, and that of the 162 cell and 200 cell was high in the depth of 12.5mm. Compaction and low oxygen levels of media by deeper dibbling depth contribute significantly to spiral root. According to the interacting results of the treatments, dibbling depth of 15mm in 128 cell and that of 12.5mm in 162 cell and 200 cell were recommended to get high seed germination rate and good seedling growth.

천안지역 대학생의 흡연군과 비흡연군간의 충동성,우울 및 불안정도 비교 연구

강영규,김현우,백기청,이경규,임명호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 근래에 와서 건강을 위협하는 중요한 변인으로 강조되고 있는 흡연이 어떤 심리적 요인과 관련이 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 여러 가지 심리적 변인 중 아마도 흡연과 가장 관련이 높을 것으로 생각되는 우울, 불안 그리고 충동성 정도가 흡연자와 비흡연자 간 뿐 아니라, 같은 흡연자라 할지라도 성별에 따른 차이가 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구는 흡연을 예방하고 치료하는 데 있어 다른 물질중독의 경우와 마찬가지로 우울, 불안 및 충동성 등의 심리적 요인의 고려가 중요한 변인으로 간주되어야할 지를 알 수 있는 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다. 방 법 : 이 연구는 크게 BIS-11의 신뢰도 검증을 위한 예비연구와, 흡연과 정신건강과의 관계를 알아보기 위한 본 연구로 대별될 수 있다. 예비연구의 대상으로는 BIS-11을 한글로 번역하고 그 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해 일반인 187명을 대상으로 한 설문작업이 이루어졌으며 이중 30명에 대해서는 1주일 간격의 검사-재검사의 과정을 거쳤다. 본 연구의 연구대상으로는 천안 소재의 대학생 총 550명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 설문지는 ① 사회인구학적인 변인에 대한 문항들 ② Barrat 충동척도 임시 번안판 ③ Beck의 우울증 척도 한글판(Beck Depression Inventory : BDI한글판) ④ 상태-특성 불안척도 한글판(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) 중 특성불안 척도 이렇게 총 4개의 부분으로 구성되었다. 통계분석은 SPSS Win 9.0을 이용하였으며 주로 이원변량분석법(Two-Way ANOVA)과 independent T-test 등을 이용해 분석하였다. 결 과 : 흡연군이 비흡연군에 비해서 'Barrat 충동척도 임시 번안판' 총 점수, 그 하위 3개요인 중 즉흥성(제 2 요인), Beck의 우울증 척도 점수 그리고 이들을 합한 '불안-우울-충동성 표준종합점수합'이 유의미하게 놓았다. 또한 여성이 남성에 비해 특성불안 점수, BIS-11 총점수, 그 하위 3개요인 중 즉흥성(제 2 요인), 운동성(제 3 요인), Beck의 우울증 척도 점수 그리고 이들을 합한 '불안-우울-충동성 표준화 점수의 합'이 유의미하게 높았다. 또 성별 및 흡연여부의 상호작용효과가 있는 변수로는 'Barrat 충동척도 임시 번안판' 총점수, 그 하위 3개 요인 중 즉흥성(제 2 요인), 운동성(제 3 요인), Beck의 우울증 척도 점수 그리고 이들을 합한 '불안-우울-충동성 표준화 점수의 합'이 있었다. 이러한 상호작용 효과를 검증하기 위하여 남성 흡연-비흡연군, 여성 흡연-비흡연군을 비교한 결과 남성의 경우 흡연군과 비흡연군 사이에 이들 모든 척도에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었으나, 여성의 경우 흡연군이 비흡연군에 비해 이들 모든 영역에서 유의미하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과는 그것이 원인이지 결과인지는 알 수 없으나 흡연자가 대체로 우울, 불안, 충동성 등의 심리적 영역에서 문제가 있으며 특히 여성 흡연자의 경우 그 정도가 심해 흡연의 예방 및 치료에 있어 단순히 신체적 문제만을 부각시킬 것이 아니라 이러한 심리적 요인을 고려해야 함을 시사한다 하겠다. Objective : The study aims to determine whether smokers are more likely to have depression, anxiety and impulsiveness than nonsmokers. In addition, the difference between male and female smokers in terms of psychiatric symptoms are also to be looked at, particularly considered that there is still social stigma against female smokers in Korea. Ultimately, conclusions of the report can decide whether the psychiatric factors should be regarded important in treating smokers and prevention of smoking. Methods : The study is composed of two parts, a preliminary study to check confidence level of BIS-11 and the main study to examine relations between smoking and mental health. For the preliminary study, BIS-11 was translated into Korean to check its confidence level by interviewing 187 people, among whom 30 respondents had gone through an examination and a reexamination with one-week interval. Respondents of the main study were total 550 college students in Cheonan area. The questionaires were categorized into five parts ; 1) sociodemographic variants 2) temporary Korean version of Barrat Impulsiveness Scale(Version 11 : BIS-11) 3) Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory 4) trait anxiety scale from Korean verison of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. SPSS Win9.0 has been run to analyze the outcome mainly using Two-Way ANOVA and independent T-test. Results : Difference between genders/smokers and nonmokers : The overall score of BIS-11, one of its three subcategories : impromptuness, Beck Depression, and the combined score for multi scales were significantly higher among smokers. Female smokers showed significantly higher scores than male smokers in trait anxiety, overall BIS-11, and two of its three subcategories(indiscretion and motor), Beck Depression and the combined score for multi scales. Overall BIS-11, two of its three subcategories(indiscretion and motor), Beck Depression and the combined score for multi scales were meaningful variants in comparison between male smokers/nonsmokers. While there was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers among men, significant difference was identified among women who showed higher scores across all variants. Conclusion : Although it is not sure whether it is the result or the cause of smoking it is confirmed that smokers have problems in psychiatric areas such as depression, anxiety, and inpromptuness, particularly among female smokers to greater degree. Therefore, it strongly implies that psychiatric aspects should be considered in preventing and treating severe smoking problems of female smokers along with physical ill effects.

청소년 정신분열증 환자의 어머니의 단기집단 정신치료의 연구

곽영숙,백기청,고기형 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.1

To evaluate schizophrenic mothers' conflict, depression, and attitude toward their schizophrenic children and how they perceive psychiatric illness, we studied group process of nine mothers in twelve sessions. The results were as follows : 1) There was significant difference in only atmosphere of family in PBR. 3) There was partial changes in cause, treatment and perspective of disease. 4) Drop-out rate was 10.1%. 5) Late attendance rate was 2.8 persons per session and abscence rate was 0.8 person per session. 6) Group silence was 0.9 frequency per session and there was great difference to authority and style of therapist. 7) Laughter rate and crying rate were 0.6 and 0.4 frequency, respectively. 8) Familial attendance was 0.3 person per session except mothers. 9) There was overt depression during group psychotherapy. 10) Uncooperation of therapist made group process to involve only therapist. 11) Goup cohesion and universality were major group dynamics, which dependency and helplessness appeared.