중소기업 전자상거래의 활성화전략에 관한 연구

조세형,김승철,정용균 한국중소기업학회 2004 中小企業硏究 Vol.26 No.2

전자상거래에 관한 대부분의 선행연구들은 기업의 전자상거래 채택 및 확산 요인에 초점을 두었으며, 대기업 중심의 자료를 바탕으로 연구가 수행되었다. 그러나, 기업에서의 전자 상거래 활용은 선택이 아닌 기정 사실화되었고 이제는 어떻게 활용하는가에 초점을 두어야할 때이다. 한편, 대기업을 대상으로 한 연구결과가 중소기업에 지침으로 제공되고 있으나, 중소기업이 단순히 대기업의 축소판이 아니며 많은 점에서 고유의 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 중소기업 자체의 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 세 가지 측면에서 전자상거래에 환한 선행연구를 확장한다. 첫째는 많은 선행연구들이 주로 정보기술의 채택 및 확산이란 차원에서 전자상거래를 다루어 온 것에 비하여 본 연구에서는 전자상거래의 실행을 성과와 연관시켜 다룬다. 둘째는 국가경제에 커다란 비중을 차지하고 영향을 미치는 중소기업에 초점을 둔다. 끝으로, 중소기업에 적합한 전자상거래 활성화 전략을 제안하고자 한다. 연구결과 중소기업에 적합한 특유의 전자상거래 활용형태는 없으며, 기업상황에 적합한 활용형태를 찾는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 한편, 정보시스템 성숙도 수준에 따라 IC실행형태가 성과에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 예를 들어, 비용우위 전략은 성숙도가 낮을수록 가치시스템형 IC는 성숙도가 높을수록 높은 성과를 나타냈다. Business firms are increasingly taking part in online business activities through internet as the size of the e-commerce market is rapidly growing in the recent years. Electronic commerce (EC) activities now become an essential part of the business strategy for survival as well as growth for both large enterprises and small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Previous studies on e-commerce mostly focused on the factors leading to adoption and diffusion of EC by business firms, and also have been carried out with the data from big enterprises. More often than not, the results obtained from the large business firms are used to provide the guidelines for SMEs. SMEs are, however, different from large business firms in many aspects, and need to be studied on their own. This paper extends the previous researches on EC in three aspects. Firstly, we study the e-commerce issues in the area of implementation in relation to EC performance, beyond the adoption and diffusion of IT technology which has been the research issues in many previous researches. Secondly, we focus on small and medium enterprises which comprise a large portion of national economy with significant influence. Finally, we propose desirable EC strategies for SMEs upon consideration of SMEs' characteristics.

기초화장용 제품 중 크림과 로션제의 안정성 평가방법

조혜영,이석,백승희,최후균,이용복 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

This study was attempted to develop the physicochemical and morphological stability test methods for the cream and lotion formulations among the cosmetic foundations and to provide the guidance for the stability methods with respect to basic emulsions and creams. With these developed stability test methods, we can evaluate the expired date or life time of the available basic cosmetics, especially basic lotions and creams. Also, the stability test methods established in this study can be used as a guideline to test physical and morphological stability of cosmetics in the future. Thus, we selected two types of basic cosmetics such as lotions and creams made by four different cosmetic companies and applied them to stability test methods depending on the temperature changes such as temperature cycling and freezing-thawing cycling test. After the temperature changes, the conductivity, turbidity, particle size, creaming ratio and pH changes of the creams and lotions were evaluated and morphological changes such as crystal formation, oder, color and feeling of the creams and lotions were also tested. As the results of the stability tests, all the tested creams and lotions except for one lotion were stable. Therefore, it may be concluded that these short-term accelerated stability tests as physical stability test depending on the temperature change study were suitable for the stability testing methods for the basic cosmetics and may be useful for the establishment of the guideline for the stability test of cosmetics.

서산시 洞/邑/面별 생활폐기물의 배출성상에 관한 비교(I)

조용균,이영신 한서대학교 산학협력연구원 부설 환경연구소 1999 환경연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

본 논문은 서산시의 폐기물 특성을 도시화지역(洞지역), 邑지역, 面지역으로 구분하여 조사 분석하였다. 도시화지역은 단독주택, 아파트, 사업지역, 공장지역, 재래시장으로 다시 나누어 시료를 채취하였으며 읍과 면지역은 혼합시료를 대상으로 하였다. 洞/邑/面지역의 겉보기밀도는 각각 0.189ton/㎥, 0.210ton/㎥, 0.191ton/㎥을 보였고 가연성물질비율은 洞지역 79.2%, 邑지역 70.5%, 面지역 73.2%이었다. 서산시 전체평균 삼성분은 수분 45.5%, 강연분 44.0%, 회분 10.5%로 나타났으며, 원소분석은 C38.3∼47.7%, H 4.4∼8.9%, N 0.6∼2.1%, S 0.1∼0.2%, Cl 0.2∼0.6%, O 23.2∼41.9%, Ash 11.2∼21.5%로 분석되었으며, 저위발열량은 1,226∼1,982㎉/㎏(평균 1,619㎉/㎏)으로 조사되었다. This study investigated physicochemical characteristics of Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW) generated in Soesan city. The sources are Dong regions(city-detached dwellings, apartments. commercial, industrial, traditional market), Eup region(1 town), Myun regions(9 rural communities). The bulky densities of solid wastes for Dang/Eup/Myun regions were 0.189ton/㎥, 0.210ton/㎥, 0.191ton/㎥ respectively. The percentages of combustible material to solid wasters were Dong region 79.2%, Eup region 70.5%, Myun region 73.2%. The proximate analysis of solid wasters showed moisture of 45.5%, volatile solids of 44.0%, and ash of 10.5%. In case of moisture content, the maximum value showed 53.3% , in traditional market and the minimum value 41.35% in Unsan Myun, Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, oxygen and ash of combustible solid wastes were 38.3∼47.7%, 4.4∼8.9%, 0.6∼2.1%, 0.1∼0.2%, 0.2∼0.6%, 23.2∼41.9%, 11.2∼21.5% respectively. The low heating values of combustible solid wasters were 1,226∼1,982㎉/㎏(average 1,619㎉/㎏).

서산시 일반폐기물의 계절별 배출특성에 관한 연구

조용균,이영신 한서대학교 산학협력연구원 부설 환경연구소 2000 환경연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

This study investigated physicochemical characteristics of Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW) generated in Soesan city. The sources are Dong areas(city-detached dwellings, apartments, commercial, industrial, traditional market), Eup area(1 town), Myun areas(9 rural communities). The percentages of combustible materials of solid wastes for Dong/Eup/Myun area were 75% in average, seasonally spring 68.5%, summer 75.1%, fall 76.7%, winter 77.5%. The proximate analysis of solid wastes showed moisture of 45.5%, volatile solids of 44.0%, and ash of 10.5%. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, oxygen and ash of combustible solid wastes were 38.3∼47.7%, 4.4∼8.8%, 0.6∼2.1%, 0.1∼0.2%, 0.2∼0.6%, 23.2∼41.9%, 11.2∼21.5% respectively. The low heating values of combustible solid wasters were 1,619㎉/㎏ in average, spring 1,429㎉㎏. summer 1,533㎉/㎏, winter 1,624㎉㎏.

부분 피복 피니언 커터의 마멸에 관한 연구

조용주,김상균 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1996 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.51 No.-

본 연구는 몇가지 절삭조건하에서 부분코팅된 피니언 커터의 마멸에 대한 연구이다. 본 실험에서는 칩핑이 지배적인 마멸기구이고 플랭크 마멸은 경사면 마멸보다 훨씬 크다. 비교적 높은 원주방향 이송과 높은 반경방향 이송의 절삭조건하에서는 커터의 노우즈 부위에 집중된 칩핑이 줄어들었고 측면플랭크의 인선 부위에 균일하게 나타났다. 그리고 가공물당 절삭 반복횟수가 감소됨에 따라 공구수명이 연장되었고 가공시간도 단축되었다. 경사면 마멸은 플랭크 마멸과 비교했을 때 훨씬 적기 때문에 장차 절삭속도를 증가시킬수 있다. The wear of partially coated pinion cutters under several cutting conditions is studied. In the realm of this experiment, chipping is a dominant tool wear mechanism and flank wear is much larger than rake face wear. Under the condition of relatively high rotary feed and high radial feed rate, the chipping concentrated at the nose part of the teeth is alleviated and generated uniformly at the cutting edge of the side flank face, and as cutting strokes per workpiece are reduced, tool life is prolonged and working time is shortened. As rake face wear is much lower when compared to flank wear, it will be possible to increase cutting speed in the future.

公州地域 野外地質實習資料 開發 및 指導方案에 關한 硏究

禹榮均,朴鍾浩,曺龍鉉 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1994 과학교육연구 Vol.25 No.1

According to anaiyses of earth science curricula and textbooks for elemantary, middle and high school(Table 1∼8), it is clear that the effective learnings about the important factors in geologic part such as minerals, rocks, weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, geologic structure, strata, fossils, geologic survey and ore deposits, can be obtained through the field work investigation. In the Kongju area, various types of igneous, sedimentary and matanmorphic rocks are distributed, so there are plenty of the various field geologic practical materials. Therefore Kongju area is the suitable place for the developments of field geologic practical courses(Figure 1). In our present school circumstance, it is difficult that the field geologic time is especially shared. Therefore it is desirable that the field geologic practical work is concurrently acted in the chance of the annual school functions such as picnic and camping. So the field geologic practical courses developed here are the adequate place for picnics and campings.

일부 산업장 남성근로자들의 흡연·음주실태에 따른 혈압 및 혈액검사치의 특성

유창균,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study was conducted to estimate the incidence and the degree of cigarette smoking and drinking among working men, and then to investigate the effects on blood pressure, various hematological indices and blood chemistry. The sample consisted of 2,287 male workers who had undertaken a general health check-up during the two-year period from January, 2000 to December, 2001. Such factors as blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and liver function tests were determined and then analyzed with respect to the subjects smoking and/or drinking status. The major findings from this study are: 1. The drinking and smoking status have shown that 52.7% of participants were in the habit of both drinking and smoking while 11.6% were not associated with either. On the other hand 25.4% were involved only in drinking and 10.2% only in smoking. In the group smoking over 21 cigarettes per day over 30, the age group occupied the largest proportion at 20.1%. 2. Regarding the relationship between smoking and/or drinking status, and blood pressure, hematology and blood chemistry, the smoking and/or drinking group had significantly higher levels of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, Hb &ct, TG, LDL-C, SGOT, and γ-GTP, than the non-smoking and/or non-drinking group. But HDL-C was significantly lower in the smoking group and significantly higher in the drinking group than the non-smoking/non-drinking group. 3. Regarding amount smoked, a larger number of cigarettes per day was significantly associated with the higher levels of blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, TG, TC, LDL-C, Hb, Hct, and γ-GTP. As for the amount drunk, an increasing amount of alcohol intake was associated with rising levels of blood pressure, systolic and diatolic, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Hb, SGOT, and γ-GTP. 4. Regarding the correlation among all the variables stated above, the smoking and drinking amount was shown to be in the positive correlation with blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, TG, TC, Hb, and γ-GTP. On the contrary, LDL-C and HDL-C was in a positive correlation only with the amount drunk amount, and Hct only with the amount smoked. 5. As with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the odds ratio of the smoking group was 2.35 and 2.58 compared to the non-smoking/drinking group, whereas it was 1.47 and 1.75 in the smoking/drinking group. Concerning serum lipids, the smoking/drinking group had 1.97 times the levels of TG in the non-smoking/non-drinking group, though the smoking group had 1.55 times the levels of HDL-C in the non-smoking/non-drinking group. As with liver function test results, the drinking group had 2.50 times and the smoking/drinking group had 4.41 times the levels of γ-GTP in the non-smoking/drinking group, respectively. The above results revealed that smoking and alcohol intake were effected the results of blood pressure and laboratory tests. Specifically, not only the smoking/drinking group but also those only smoking or only drinking were not as desirable as the non-smoking and non-drinking group to the results of blood pressure and laboratory tests.

순환기 내과로 자문의뢰된 환자의 임상상

황진용,최지용,손상균,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.4

목적 : 순환기내과 영역은 많은 과로부터 자문의뢰를 받는 영역으로 알려져 있다. 특히 최근 우리나라의 순환기질환의 유형이 변화되고 입원환자가 고령화되면서 동반된 심질환의 유병율도 증가하고있다. 이에 저자들은 타과로 입원하여 순환기내과로 자문의뢰되는 환자의 임상상과 3차병원인 경북대학교병원에서의 순환기내과자문의 유용성 등을 평가하여 향후 순환기질병에 대한 협의진료에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 순환기내과로 공식자문의뢰된 첫 100명을 대상으로 전향적으로 연령, 의뢰이유, 최종진단명, 수술과의 관련성 여부, 순환기내과의 최종조치, 타과의 순응도 등을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1) 자문을 의뢰한 환자는 평균 58±16(15-89, 중앙치 61)세였고 60세이상의 환자가 57%로 고령의 환자가 많았다. 2) 내과계열 25%, 외과계열 75%로 외과계열의 자문이 많았고 일반외과가 26%로 가장 많았고 내과의 다른 분과가 12%, 신경외과 12%, 정형외과 11%, 흉부외과 11%, 신경과 11% 등의 순이었다. 외과계열중 수술을 시행한 경우는 58례로 이중 응급수술이 13례였다. 술전 위험도 평가를 위한 자문이 38례에서 있었는데 순환기적인 문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 2례(1례는 허혈성 심질환, 1례는 심낭질환)이었다. 이때 응급수술을 제외한 입원일과 술전 자문일파의 간격은 평균 3±7일(입원일-42일)이고 술전 자문일과 수술일과의 간격은 평균 6±4일(1-16일)이었다. 3) 타과의 의뢰이유는 심전도 이상이 36례, 높게 측정된 혈압이 20례, 순환기질환의 과거력 17례, 환자의 증상 때문인 경우가 10례였고 심전도의 이상중에는 부정맥이 18례, 이상 Q파 6례, ST절 이상이 5례, 각차단이 3례의 순이었다. 순환기과거력 중에는 허혈성 심질환이 6례, 현재 혈압은 정상이나 고혈압의 과거력이 있는 경우가 4례 순이었고 환자의 증상은 흉통 6례, 호흡곤란이 3례, 기절이 1례였다. 4) 자문후 최종진단이 가능했던 91례를 진단별(총 97 진단명)로 나누어 보면 고혈압이 28례, 부정맥이 16례, 허혈성 심질환이 14례, 판막질환이 11례, 순환기질환이 아닌경우가 19래였다. 이들중 추적진료가 필요하다고 응답한 경우가 57례였으나 순환기내과 외래에 1번이상 추적진료한 경우는 32례(56%)로 환자의 순응도는 낮았다. 결론 : 순환기내과의 자문의뢰는 고령자에게 많았고 수술과 관련된 경우가 많았으며 심전도의 이상이 의뢰이유로 가장 많았으며 진단별로는 고혈압과 부정맥이 가장 많았다. 그리고 순환기적인문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 드물었고 자문후 지속적인 추적진료를 위해 환자의 교육이 필요하겠다. Objective : Clinical characteristics of the patients with cardiovascular diseases in the general hospital have been changed and prevalance of co-existing cardiovascular disease in the patients who were admitted for non-cardiac diseases has been increased remarkably as the proportion of elderly patients increased rapidly in Korea. We evaluated clinical features of the patients consulted for cardiological evaluation and effectiveness of the consultation in the setting of tertiary general hospital, Kyungpook University Hospital. Method : One hundred patients were studied between January 1995 and January 1996. They were evaluated for the reason of consultation, final diagnosis, final recommendation from cardiologists and its impact on the management of the patients, and compliance of the consulting departments. Results : 1) The ages ranged between 15 and 89 (mean 58±16, median 61) years, 57 patients were male and 43 female. Fifty seven patients were older than 60 years. 2) Consultations from surgical parts were 75 patients. Consultation from general surgery was most frequent (26%), followed by other divisions of internal medicine (12%), neurosurgery (12%) and orthopedic surgery (11%), chest surgery (11%), neurology (11%), obstetrics and gynecology (8%), urology (4%), ophthalmology (2%), dermatology (2%), ENT (1%). Among 75 patients from surgical parts, operation was done on 58 patients, including 13 emergency cases. Preoperative cardiac risk evaluation was the reason of consultation in thirty eight patients, of which operation could not be done in only 2 patients (one had severe ischemic heart disease, the other large pericardial disease). Interval between consultation day and operation day was 6±4 days (1-6 days). 3) Reasons for cardiac consultation were electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 36 patients, high blood pressure in 20 patients, previous cardiovascular diseases in 17 patients, symptoms of the patients in 10 patients. Among EGG abnormalities, arrhythmias was the reason in 18 patients, abnormal Q waves in 6 patients, ST-T segment abnormalities in 5 patients, bundle branch block in 3 patients. Among previous cardiovascular disease, presence of ischemic heart disease was the reason in 6 patients, previous hypertension in 4 patients. Chest pain was the reason of the consultation in 6 patients, dyspnea in 3 patients, syncope in 1 patient. 4) Definite diagnoses could be made in 91 patients with 96 diagnoses which were hypertension and its complications in 28, arrhythmia with underlying disease in 16, ischemic heart disease in 14. valvular heart disease in 11, non-cardiovascular disease in 19. Cardiological follow up was recommended in 57 patients. However, 25 patients (44%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion : Cardiological consultation was frequent in the elderly patients. Most frequent reason for consultation was EGG abnormalities. Hypertension or arrhythmia was most common final diagnosis. Inoperability due to cardiovascular problems were rare.

PLD 박막의 물리적 성질

한용진,조봉균,정재훈,이수빈,박해윤,이태기,채희백,홍진수 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

Thin amorphous carbon films were deposited by a Q-switched Nd;YAG 532nm with beam power density of ?? on the high purity graphite (99.7%). The pressure of vacuum chamber was ?? Torr. In order to estimate the quality of the Pulsed Laser Deposition films one of the most important optical properties, bandgap energy, was characterized by transmission and reflection in the range of the visible, and an optical direct bandgap energy of 2.45eV and indirect bandgap energy 0.36eV were obtained. Surface morphology of amorphous film was investigated by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). Its surface roughness is 70nm. Comparing our results with the published values in the literature we have confidence that our films show the good quality for optical properties.

서산시 산업 폐수 발생 및 처리 현황에 관한 조사연구

이영신,조용균,박철휘 한서대학교 산학협력연구원 부설 환경연구소 2000 환경연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Seosan city is facing fast industrialization, urbanization, and populization growth. It speedy changes into engineering oriented area around Dae-San engineering district causefuuture increase of general sewages and industrial waste water. the environmentally hazardous materials will also aggravate water quality of neighboring rivers and ocean. Thus, this study has been performed to investigate current lever of industrial waste water, and then project future level of those environmental damages.