Nanogenerators: Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 19/2010)

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipcs and Cypriruts carpio. 96h~LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinifs carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

근대기의 경산화파 예운불화 연구

최성규 ( Choi Sung Kyu ) 한국종교문화연구소(종교문화비평학회) 2016 종교문화비평 Vol.30 No.30

예운상규는 경산화파의 화맥 안에서 전승되는 불화의 형식으로 작업에 임했으며 또한 전승시킨 불모(佛母)이다. 19세기 중반부터 전하고 있는 그의 불화는 1930년에까지 이르고 있다. 경산화파는 불모들의 계보 가운데 비교적 화맥이 잘 밝혀져 있고 전해지는 불화의 소재가 어느 정도 파악되어 그 특징을 살펴 볼 수 있다. 조선 후기에는 대부분 사찰 불화의 수요가 그 지방 승려들에 의해 충족되었고 이에 따라서 다양한 승려가 많이 모이는 대사찰 중심으로 배출된 화승들은 자신의 출신 사찰을 중심으로 인근지역 안에서 활동함으로써 지역에 따른 화사(畵師) 집단이 형성되었다. 이와 같은 화사 집단 가운데 서울·경기지역에서 활동한 화사들을 경성화파 또는 경산 화파라 부른다. 예운 불화는 조선 후기 서울·경기지역 불화와 같이 시대와 양식에 따라 분류할 수 있다. 18세기 초와 18세기 말~19세기 초, 19세기 말로 분류하는데, 현존하는 근대기 예 운의 불화는 도상과 표현기법에 있어 다양한 경향의 불화 제작과 새로운 문물의 유입을 통한 신경향의 불화를 남기고 있다. 근대기 예운의 불화의 상당수는 서양화의 명암법을 도입하고 있으며 스승인 응석 의 맥을 이어 새로운 도상과 구도법을 창안하였다. 서양화의 명암법을 적용해 그린 그의 불화들은 당시 후원자들로부터 상당히 인기가 있었던 듯하며 현재 전국에서 작품이 남 아 전한다. 예운은 전통 도상을 기반으로 일반 회화나 민화와 같은 각종의 회화자료, 그 리고 새로 유입된 외국의 인쇄물 등의 시각적 체험과 자료들, 당시의 풍물·풍속 등 새 로운 요소들을 수용하기 시작하는 등 끊임없이 변화를 주기위한 시도들을 하였다. 표충사 <삼세불도>처럼 원과 같은 기하학적 도형을 사용해 화면에 집중감을 주면 서도 때로는 수많은 권속들을 적절히 분류하고 구획하여 시각적 효과를 살린 불화들과 기존 불화의 구성요소들을 새롭게 재구성하거나 일부를 첨삭하는 등의 방법으로 주제를 강조한 불화들을 제작하였다. 화면분할식 불화와 함께 새로운 불화를 시도하려 했던 그의 창작 의도가 보다 명확하였다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 근대기 예운 불화의 의미는 화사의 창의성이 발현된 점이라고 할 수 있으며 이후 새롭게 만봉에 의해 전승이 되고 현재에까지 이어짐으로 해서 역사적 변천을 살필 수 있다는 점이 또한 중요하게 평가될 수 있는 것이다. Yeun Sang-kyu was a Buddhist painter, known as “Mother of Buddha Image Paintings(佛母)” who was inherited by Gyeongsan School and kept the tradition intact till 1930. His Buddhist Image paintings are handed down from the mid-19th century on and his painting styles and lineages are well known and even the painting materials he used are cleary identified. So much he is recognized as unique and distinctive. During the late Joseon Period, the Buddhist paintings in the temples are provided and enshrined by the local monk painters and the large temples have accordingly housed a group of monk painters in their own territories. This monk painters were eventually clustered with the painter groups. “The Gyeonseong or the Gyeongsan School” was one of the most active painter groups who got together in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Yeun`s Buddhist paintings so far extant in terms of iconography or drawing skills reveals inheritances of various styles of the previous traditions; early and late 18th century, or early and late 19th century styles are included. Moreover, on top of those mixture of traditions, he added a new trend of paintings based on the up-coming new cultures. Even western painting skills of shading were imbued with his many a Buddhist paintings and his creative new form of icons and compositions are keenly felt the influences of his direct master Eungseok`s style. His new Buddhist depictions seem to be popular among the connoisseurs and the collectors so that his art objects are spread out through the country. He tried to explore the new experiments with the visual effects, the painting materials and even utilizing of the folk painting subjects. The “Samse-bul-do(三世佛圖)” of Pyochung temple is an example of the modern skills of paintings, quite differed to traditional ones; applying the geometric shape of circles in the screen, newly alloting the Bodhisattvas and the protective figures, reconfiguring the Buddha images, sectional division of the canvas, etc. Likewise, Yeun`s style changes in his extant paintings show us his creativity along with the modern tranformation of Korean Buddhism. And his legacy is handed down to Manbong, who is one of descents of Yeun and connected to today`s Buddhist painting traditions.

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 ㎎/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5㎎/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs(caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체아동의 어휘력에 미치는 효과

배정화,최성규 한국특수교육문제연구소 2004 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구에서는 개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체아동의 수용과 표현어휘력 신장에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구대상은 부산시에 소재하는 J초등학교 특수학급에 재학 중인 정신지체아동 2명으로 선정하였다. 13개의 동요 등을 개사하여 72개의 표적어휘를 선정하였고, 개사를 통한 노래부르기는 10주에 걸쳐 주 4회씩 총 40회기동안 실시하였으며 매회기는 40분간 실시하였다. 한국표준수용어휘력검사를 이용하여 사전검사와 사후검사에서 어휘력 검사를 각각 2회 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체 아동의 수용어휘와 표현어휘 신장에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 제시하였다. 특히 동물과 식물명, 그리고 일반사물, 가정도구, 가정, 사회생활, 여가생활 등과 관련된 명사 어휘의 수용과 표현이 높아지고 동사와 형용사에 대한 수용어휘력도 향상되었다. Mental retardation refers to substantial limitations such as mental intelligibilities and social interaction in present functioning. Especially, language abilities are basic social skill to identity and interact with themselves and others in the society as human beings. Unfortunately, the children with mental retardation are usually exposed in language difficulties. Vocabulary is a fundamental tool to lead smooth language development. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of singing with changed words of songs to develop vocabulary abilities for children with mental retardation. Two children, 10.6(MA5.7) and 11.0(MA7.2) years old, with mental retardation were participated for this study. Thirteen sings were selected, and the words of the songs were changed based on seventy two target vocabularies. Pre- and post-test with Korean Standard Vocabulary Test were utilized to verify the effective of the singing to improve vocabulary ability for forty sessions. Each sessions was for forty minutes. The results of this study were that: (a) the singing strategy was effective to improve the receptive vocabulary ability; and (b) the singing strategy was effective to improve expressive vocabulary ability for children with mental retardation. Therefore, this study concluded that the singing is effective to improve vocabulary ability for mental retardation.

흰쥐에서 심정지후 뇌의 허혈-재관류 손상과 Tumor Necrosis Factor-α의 상관관계

최승필,박규남,박승현,박상현,정시경,김세경 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Background : Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) has been thought to play a major role in neurological injury during global brain ischemia and subsequent reperfusion following resuscitation in cardiac arrest. So, we hypothesized that the elevation in TNF-α was dependent upon the duration of the global brain ischemia, and related to delayed neuronal damage. Methods : Fourteen rats were divided two groups ; 1 minute-cardiac arrest group(n=7) and 3 minute-cardiac arrest group(n=7). we induced cardiac arrest by chest compression and clamping of tracheal tube for 1 minute and 3 minutes respectively. And then, resuscitation was initiated. To measure the plasma activity of TNF-α, blood samples were drawn before and at the end of cardiac arrest, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after initiation reperfusion. At 72 hours after resuscitation, the ND(neurologic deficit) score was determined and the histopathologic outcome of hippocampal CA1 neuron was observed by the percent dead hippocampal CA1 neurons. Results : 1. TNF-α level during the early reperfusion period(<2h) was significantly increased in 3 min-cardiac arrest group compared with 1 min-cardiac arrest group(p=0.0001). 2. There was a no significant difference of neurologic deficit score between 1 min-and 3 min-cardiac arrest. 3. Percent dead hippocampal neurons were significantly increased in 3 min-cardiac arrest group compared with 1 min-cardiac arrest group(9.1±1.2% vs 1.2±0.9%, p<0.05). Conclusions : The results suggest that longer duration of global brain ischemia causes a more profound increase in plasma TNF-α level during the early reperfusion period(<2h) and more delayed neuronal damage than lessor duration of global brain ischemia, and that increase in TNF-α level during the early reperfusion period(<2h) is related to delayed neuronal damage.

3분 및 4분 상완골근위부 골절에서의 외반형 및 내반형에 따른 임상적 비교

최창혁,권굉우,김신근,이상욱,신동규,이승진 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 수술적으로 치료한 3분, 4분 상완골 근위부 골절을 외반형과 내반형으로 재분류하여 임상적 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Neer 분류상 3분, 4분 상완골근위부 골절로 분류된 21례에 대해 수술적 치료를 시행하고 12개월 이상 추시된 증례를 대상으로, 골절부위의 각형성, 상완골두의 방향성, 그리고 우세 전위결절의 양상에 따라 외반형과 내반형으로 재분류하여 UCLA shoulder rating scale에 따른 기능적 평가를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 단순 방사선 소견을 기준으로 Neer의 3, 4분 상완골 근위부골절을 외반형과 내반형 및 각각의 아형(subtype)으로 분류할 수 있었다. 견관절 반치환술을 시술한 2례를 제외하고 분석한 각 그룹의 UCLA 기능적 평가는 외반형에서 양호 이상의 결과가 9례중 8례(89%), 내반형에서 10례중 4례(40%)로 외반형에서 더 우수한 임상적 경과를 보였다. 결 론 : 상완골 근위부 골절에서 골두의 방향성은 골절의 각형성 및 우세 전위결절의 양상과 높은 상관관계를 가졌으며, 내반형의 경우 혈행과 신경장애가 좀더 빈번하고 예후도 불량한 것으로 나타났고, 이러한 경우 수술시 도달 방법, 연부조직 상태에 대한 평가가 더욱 신중하게 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각되었다. Purpose : We reclassified three-and four-part proximal humerus fracture by Neer's classification into valgus & varus type, and compared the results of these groups. Materials & methods : 21 cases classified as three- and four-part fracture in Neer's classifiation were treated surgically and followed for 12 months. We reclassified the 21 cases vlagus and varus type fractures, according to angulation of fractures, facing of humeral head, and dominant displaced tuberosity. Functional evaluation was done by UCLA shoulder rating scale. Results : Neer's three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures could be reclassified based on angulation, facing of humeral head, and dominant tuberosity displacement. The functional results according to UCLA shoulder rating scale were good or excellent in 8 of 9 cases of valgus type(89%), and at 4 in cases of varus type(40%). The clinical result of the valgus type was better than that of the varus type. Conclusion : Based on reclassification system of proximal humerus fractures, clinical results and radiographic findings including angulation, facing of head and domonant tuberosity displacement showed close relationship. Neurovascular complication were more frequent in the varus type. Therefore, careful evaluation including surgical approach and soft tissue status should be considered in the varus type of complex proximal humerus fracture.

農産物 都賣市場 運營實態分析 : 光州直轄市 農産物都賣市場을 中心으로

崔圭晧,裵相源 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems which a Fruit and Vegetables wholesalemarket has in the early days of its operation by surveying the problems that the wholesalemarket opened in Kwang-ju in February 1991 has since the opening, thereby to seek the measures to improve them. The results of analysis are as follows ; 1. The market is not capable of dealing to due amount of handling from the beginning of its opening, because the scale of the market is not big enough at the point of its opening. 2. The market only deal in fruit and vegetables ; no fisheries are handled. 3. Marketing facilities of the market is improper and insufficient. 4. The dealing amount that the vegetable jobbers handle is so small that some of them are also engaged in gathering by consigment purchase. 5. They need to be educated in the field of marketing and practical affairs. If the problems brought up are to be improved, wholesalemarkets built under a public project will do much for the improvement of agricultural marketing.

자질구조와 단일화 규칙을 이용한 한국어 구문 및 의미분석기

崔宰赫,朴相圭,金權洋 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

This paper describes an analyzer for Korean which is partially free word order language. The analyzer uses unordered set as a subcategorization feature in order to solve the free order problems. The analyzer consists of morphological analysis, semantic analysis, semantic structure construction, lexicon and chart modules. The knowledge representation for syntactic and semantic features and unification rule was described.

충전층 반응기에서 전분의 고정화 동시당화발효법에 의한 ETHANOL제조

최동진,원성호,김장규,김남기 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.2

Kinetic data of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, and S. cerevisiae-Z. mobilis with amylase from Aspergillus shirousamii(SimultaneousSaccharification-Fermentation of starch) in packed bed reactor were investigated with 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% water-soluble starch solution at 30 ℃ and initial pH 5.0. For the comparison of ethanol productivity, Z mobilis ATCC 10988, S. cerevisiae ATCC 26603, and dual organisms(Z. mobilis-S. cerevisiae) were immobilized with 3%[W/V] agar-agar gel respectively on the styrofoam bead. The results were that the volumetric ethanol productivity of dual organisms was better than that of Z. mobilis and of S. cerevisiae. And the volumetric ethanol productivity of 25% soluble starch solution was better than that of the others.