糞尿와 都市 廢棄物과의 混合處理에 대한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 肥料化를 中心으로한 實驗室的 考察 Experimental study for the fertilization

金熙鐘,金相烈,金秀生,孫晋彦,金燦國,成周慶,吳英敏 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1977 硏究報告 Vol.1 No.1

우리나라에 있어서 都市廢棄物의 主인 糞尿와 固形廢棄物의 太宗인 無煙炭재를 同時에 效果的으로 處理할 수 있고 또한 堆肥化시킬 수 있는 好氣性 酸化方式의 最適條件을 얻기 위하여 生糞尿 및 煉炭재의 理化學的 및 生物學的 數値를 測定하고 이를 基礎로하여 上記 兩者를 混合處理 할수 있는 消化條件(溫度, 糞尿와 煉炭재의 配合比, 기타 固形物의 添加量, 注入되는 空氣量의 變化)에 따른 C.O.D., B.O.D.의 變化, 水分 및 電氣傳導度의 變化, 熱灼減量, N量의 變化 等을 硏究하였으며 이들 사이의 相關關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 生糞尿에 固形廢棄物인 煉炭재나 紙類를 配合시켜 消化시키므로서 케이크속의 질소成分의 量을 增加 시킬수 있다. 2. 煉炭재의 配合은 糞尿의 消化速度를 增加 시킨다. 3. 糞尿의 處理를 위한 反應槽의 溫度는 50℃보다 60℃로 維持 시킬때 消化速度가 크다. 4. 反應槽의 溫度를 一定하게 했을때 空氣의 注入速度는 初期 反應時는 적게하고 後期 反應時는 크게 함이 效果的 이다. For the effective treatment and usable disposal of urban wastes in the area of Busan city, the composition of the nightsoil and anthracite bulky ash which is the main munic ipal solid wastes have been studied on the digestion of the compositive mixtures with the variable conditions that are ratio of compounding between nightsoil and ash, amount of solid additives and volume of air for the effective airation at 50, 65℃. The digestion has been detected by the physico-chemical and biological data; pH, specific gravity, content of moisture, C.O.D., B.O.D., electroconductance of the solution of the results, decrease of nition, and volume of total free nitrogen etc. The results are obtained as follows. 1) The characteristics of domestic nightsoil are different to the foreign data as table 5, but the data of anthracite ash almost are same except the composition of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃. 2) Amount of total free nitrogen are increased by the digestion with the addition of solid waste, as effective absorption, to the nightsoil. 3) The digestion are accelerated by the compounding of ash, but the adding of sulfuric acid to fix the free ammonia reduced reaction. 4) The airation have to proceed slowly at initial step, and then endure enough volume of air at the later step.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

糞尿와 都市廢棄物의 混合處理에 대한 硏究 (Ⅱ)

金熙鐘,孫晋彦,金燦國,金相烈 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1978 硏究報告 Vol.2 No.1

糞尿와 固形廢棄物중의 燃炭재를 混合合成 하여 肥料化 함에 알맞는 消化條件을 糞尿溶液의 物性(稀釋配率 및 返送汚泥의 配合比率), 燃炭재의 特性(粒子의 크기 및 配合比率), 空氣流量 및 消化時間등의 變化에 따라 硏究하였으며 이 들 사이의 相關關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 稀釋律이 클수록 消化速度는 크며 最適의 稀釋律은 10배이다. 2. 消化時間은 24∼36時間 사이에서 가장 消化速度가 크며 12시간 까지는 거의 소화되지 않는다. 3. 空氣流量이 0.1∼0.02 (vol-ratio/sec) (air/sample)의 범위에서는 流量이 적을수록 소화속도가 증가한다. 燃炭재가 混合 되었을 때와 그렇지 않을 경우의 最適流速은 각각 0.025 및 0.018 (vol-ratio/sec) (air/sample)이다. 4. 燃炭재의 粒子의 크기는 클수록 消化 效果가 크며 最適의 粒子의 크기는 5∼10mesh이다. In the composting with the nightsoil and anthracite bully ash for he usable disposal of urban wastes in the city of Busan, the study on the appropriative condition to the digestion according to the ratio of dilution of nightsoil, the compounding ratio of the treated nightsoil and the ash, the particle size of solid waste the flowrate of air and the time of reaction has obtained as the following results. ⅰ) Rate of digestion seems to increase in proportion to the dilution as the optimum ratio of diluton is 10 rimes. ⅱ) Digestion has not been to carried till 12 hrs., but the velocity of reaction is maximum at the 24∼36hrs. ⅲ) In the range of 0.1∼0.02 (vol-ratio/sec). (air/sample), the flowrate of air is in inverse proportion to the rate of digeston. In the case of mixing with anthracite ash the optimum is 0. 025 but wit without case is 0.018 (vol. ratio/sec) (air/sample). ⅳ) The particle size of the ash is accelated to the velocity of digestion such as available size. is 5∼10 mesh.

터보부호를 채용한 QPSK/OFDM 시스템의 성능 분석

김성원,심재옥,김언곤 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2002 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

In this paper, we have simulated the performance of QPSK/OFDM system with 1/3 turbo coding under AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise), indoor channel or doppler shift. The system adapted (3,1,4) turbo encoder as channel coding method, OFDM with subcarrier 64 as modulation technique, and QPSK as mapping method. In the doppler shift, we changed to value of doppler frequency 46 ㎐(mobile velocity 10 ㎞/h) and 92 ㎐(mobile velocity 20 ㎞/h). Then we looked at coding effect of channel coding and decoding method. As a result of simulation, in case that the iterative decoding of QPSK/OFDM system adopt turbo encoder in the indoor channel was done about three times, efficiency was demanded about 2.7㏈ when BER is 10^-3 and about 5 ㏈ when BER is 10.3 ㏈. When the doopler frequency is 46 ㎐, efficiency was demanded about 7.9 ㏈ in case that BER is 10^-3 and about 10 ㏈ in case that BER is 10^-5. And when the doppler frequency is 92 ㎐, efficiency was demanded about 17 ㏈ in case that BER is 10^-3 and about 23.7 ㏈ in case that BER is 10^-5. As the doppler frequency is high, in spite of having the high E_b/N_o in the coding gain graph, the error flow whose efficiency wasn't advanced came out.

작업롤의 파손과 크롬함량에 따른 마멸특성

김순경,전언찬,이승수,김문경 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2

Work rolls used in cold rolling mills must have outstanding wear resistance and very little plastic deformation. Thus, these rolls require a higher surface hardness and hardening to a greater depth. To meet these requrements, the rolls, in general, have basic chemical composition of 0.7 to 1.0% carbon and 1.0 to 5.0% chromium(Cr), plus a small amounts of special elements, and are subjected to intensive water quenching and tempering at low temperature to provide a surface hardness of over 90 shore. This test results are as follows. Deflection and fracture load of 5% Cr material are than those of 3% Cr material and show flat curve from surface to subsurface. It will be clear that 5% Cr work roll has a superior resistibility against wear and abrasion comparing with 3% Cr work roll. The improvement of wear and abration in 5% Cr work roll will be achieved by the large amount of spheroidal carbide. In grindability and polish, 5% Cr work roll will be a little inferior comparing with 3% Cr work roll.

위성 채널을 통한 DS-BPSK 신호의 전송 특성

김언곤,신동일,조성준 한국항공대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Uplink와 downlink 가우스성 잡음이 존재하는 존재하에서 비선형 위성 트랜스폰더(transponder)를 통과하는 DS-BPSK(Direct Sequence-Binary Phase Shift Keying)신호의 오율식을 구했다. 위성 트랜스폰더의 TWT(traveling wave tube)전력 증폭기의 비선형 특성은 이상적인 하드리미터(hard limiter)로 모델링하였다. 구해진 오율식에 의해 컴퓨터 계산을 행하고, 그 결과를 반송파 대 uplink잡음전력비(uplink CNR), 반송파 대 downlink잡음 전력비(downlink CNR) 및 확산 스펙트럼의 처리 이득을 파라미터로 하여 그래프로 나타내고 선형시스템의 경우와 비교ㆍ분석했다. 그 결과 uplink CNR 이 O[dB] 이상일 경우는 비선형시스템이 선형시스템에 비해 downlink CNR 면에서 0.4[dB] 정도의 이득이 있었고, 선형시스템에 대한 비선형시스템의 개선도에 있어서 처리 이득은 그다지 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다. The error rate equation of DS-BPSK(Direct Sequence-Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal transmitted through the nonlinear satellite transponder has been derived in the up link and downlink Gaussian noise environment. The nonlinearity of TWT(traveling wave tube) in satellite transponder is modeled as an ideal hard limiter. The numerical results of the derived equations have been shown in figures in terms of carrier to uplink noise power ratio(uplink CNR), carrier to downlink noise power ratio(downlink CNR) and process gain, and compared with those of the linear system. In the analysis, we have known that when the uplink CNR is below -5[dB] the hard-limited system degrades the error rate performance compared with the linear system, however, when the uplink CNR is above O[dB] the hard-limited system can gain 0.4[dB] improvement in downlink CNR to maintain a fixed error rate Pe=10(??) compared with the linear system. Even though the process gain can improve the error rate performance of both systems-the hard-limited system and the linear system, it does not affect seriously the improvements of the hard-limite system performance over the linear system performance.

活性炭에 의한 重金屬 시안化物 錯陰이온의 吸着特性

金柱奉,李成植,李來雨,孫晋彦 東亞大學校 1985 東亞論叢 Vol.22 No.1

It is the purpose of this study to investigate the possibility and mechanisms of complex formation for the removal of cyanide and toxic heavy metals from mining and electroplating industrial wastewater simultaneously. The adsorption forms of heavy metals from a synthesized wastecyanide water by activated carbon is discussed. Under the cyanide complexiation, mercury ion is adsorbed in the formation of complex anion as ?? and Hg(CN)₃, but zinc and cadmium are also as ?? and ?/?. The effects are established under the presence of ?? in the concentration range ?? mol/ℓto ?? mol/ℓand the presence of heavy metals.

룸머 페이딩 채널에서 길쌈부호를 채용한 BPSK/OFDM 시스템의 성능 분석

김성원,심재옥,김언곤 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, we have simulated the performance of BPSK/OFDM system with 1/2 convolution coding under AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) Rummler fading channel. The system adapted (2,1,7) convolution encoder as channel coding method, OFDM with subcarrier 64 as modulation technique, and BPSK as mapping method. In the Rummler fading channel, delay time is set 1, original signal is decremented during direct-path signal passing through multipath as factor of this, we changed to value of attenuation of the multipath component.(0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) Then we looked at coding effect of channel coding and decoding method. As a result of simulation, when multipath component is 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 in the BER=10^-3, we obtained the results that the coding effect of this system is about each 3㏈, 4㏈, and 9㏈ through the coding methods. And then by using soft decision as decoding we method obtained the better performance of each about 2㏈, 3㏈, and 5.5㏈ than hard decision. Also, when BER is 10^-5, we obtained the results that the coding effect of this system are each about 5㏈, 5.5㏈, 10㏈ through the coding methods. And then by using soft decision as decoding method obtained the better performance of each 2.5㏈, 3.5㏈ and 6.5㏈ than hard decision.

기종성 방광염을 동반한 기종성 신우신염 1예

김선두,김순제,이길도,김정수,김지훈,윤호상,송종오,문언수 대한노인병학회 2000 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.4 No.3

정적·동적 거동을 하는 철근 콘크리트 뼈대 구조의 최적 설계

김진우,류우수,박언상 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

This paper is presented the algorithm of the optimal limit state design for R/C frames subjected to static and dynamic loads. The structures are analyzed by the finite element method with 3 degree of freedom in the node of each elements. The objective function is formulated with the cost of materials including the steel and concrete. The objective function and each constraints are derived in terms of design variables which include the effective depth, width, compression and tension steel area, shear steel area and moment redistribution coefficient which is analytical variables and used to decide the design moments. Optimization technique is used to sequential unconstrained minimization technique(SUMT).