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Rao, D.Raghavendra,Singh, Ravindra,Kariappa, B.K.,Dandin, S.B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.2
Variation in the size of the silk filament will determine the uniformity and quality of the silk reeled. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the filament size variation in 6 multivoltine parental breeds and 9 multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids in all three seasons of a year. All multivoltine breeds and multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids showed variation in filament size throughout its length from the outer layer to inner layer. Results of the present study indicated that the size of the filament decreased from outer to inner layer. The decrease in filament size was sudden in some breeds/hybrids whereas it was gradual in other. Relationship between filament length to that of slope, average filament size to slope, and maximum filament size to slope was determined based on regression analysis. Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation between slope vs average filament length (r=0.92$^{**}$) in multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids. Among parental breeds, 96C showed lowest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00428) and 96A showed highest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00269). Among 9 hybrids, PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ recorded lowest slope value (b-value: -0.00328) and BL24${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ showed highest value for slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00234). The breed 96C, which showed lowest slope value can be utilized for future breeding programmes to breed strains with less size deviation. Three multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids viz., PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$, 96E${\times}$CSR19 and BL67${\times}$CS $R_{101}$ , which showed less slope values (b-values: -0.00328, -0.00300 and -0.00297 respectively) can be utilized for commercial exploitation to produce uniform silk.k.
( T. Selvakumar ),( B. Nataraju ),( K. Chandrasekharan ),( S. D. Sharma ),( M. Balavenkatasubbaiah ),( P. Sudhakara Rao ),( V. Thiagarajan ),( S. B. Dandin ) 한국잠사학회 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.11 No.1
While observing silkworm larval samples received from field, microsporidian spores formed within the haemocytes of silkworm haemolymph were observed. The spores of microsporidian sp. were purified and characterized for morphological characters viz., size, shape as well as serological affinity with different Nosema spp. (M11 and M12). The infectivity of the isolated spores to silkworm was also studied. The microsporidian sp. was found to be highly pathogenic to silkworm, B. mori. The isolated microsporidian sp. was designated as NIK-5hm, which formed ovocylindrical spore in the haemocytes of silkworm and differed in spore size (length, 4.55 μm & width, 2.10 μm) and shape from Nosema bombycis (NIK-1s), NIK-2r (Nosema sp. Mysore [3.6 & 2.8 μm]), NIK-3h (Nosema sp. M11 [3.8 & 1.8 μm]), NIK-4m (Nosema sp. M12 [5.0 & 2.1 μm]) and Lb㎳ (Nosema sp. in Lamerine breed of silkworm [4.36 & 2.14]). In immonological test (Latex agglutination test), the isolated microsporidian spores did not react with antibody sensitized latex particles of N. bombycis, M11, M12 and Lb㎳ and thus are different type of microsporidian sp., parasitic to silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Selvakumar T.,Nataraju B.,Chandrasekharan K.,Sharma S. D.,Balavenkatasubbaiah M.,Sudhakara Rao P.,Thiagarajan V.,Dandin S. B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.11 No.1
While observing silkworm larval samples received from field, microsporidian spores formed within the haemocytes of silkworm haemolymph were observed. The spores of microsporidian sp. were purified and characterized for morphological characters viz., size, shape as well as serological affinity with different Nosema spp. (M$_{11}$ and M$_{12}$). The infectivity of the isolated spores to silkworm was also studied. The microsporidian sp. was found to be highly pathogenic to silkworm, B. mori. The isolated microsporidian sp. was designated as NIK-5hm, which formed ovocylindrical spore in the haemocytes of silkworm and differed in spore size (length, 4.55 $\mu$m & width, 2.10 $\mu$m) and shape from Nosema bombycis (NIK-ls), NIK-2r (Nosema sp. Mysore [3.6 & 2.8 $\mu$m]), NIK-3h (Nosema sp. M$_{11}$ [3.8 & 1.8 $\mu$m]), NIK-4m (Nosema sp. M$_{12}$ [5.0 & 2.1 $\mu$m]) and Lb$_{ms}$ (Nosema sp. in Lamerine breed of silkworm [4.36 & 2.14]). In immonological test (Latex agglutination test), the isolated microsporidian spores did not react with antibody sensitized latex particles of N. bombycis, M$_{11}$, M$_{12}$ and Lb$_{ms}$ and thus are different type of microsporidian sp., parasitic to silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Rao, D.Raghavendra,Singh, Ravindra,Premalatha, V.,Sudha, V.N.,Kariappa, B.K.,Dandin, S.B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
The process of removal of gummy proteinous material sericin from silk is commonly called as degumming loss or boil-off loss ratio. In the present study, the boil-off loss ratio in the cocoon shells of twelve multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids and their parents were analysed. Inheritance pattern of boil-off loss ratio was analysed in crosses involving high and low boil-off loss parents, F$_1$s, F$_2$s and back-crosses by parent off spring regression analysis. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis was also analysed for this character, Highly significant (P>0.01) variations were observed in eight out of ten multivoltine and two out of five bivoltine parents indicating the presence of genetic variation in the expression of boil-off loss ratio. Among F$_1$ hybrids, ten hybrids expressed significant (P>0.01) variations when compared with control hybrid PM${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Significant negative heterosis was expressed in three multi ${\times}$ bi hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{19}$, which is desirable for this character, whereas expression of heterobeltiosis was significant only with one hybrid, 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ in desired direction. Studies on inheritance pattern showed that the character is heritable and contribution percentage of female and male in the ratio of 50.9: 49.1 and it appears that both the parents are influencing in the expression of boil-on loss ratio in silkworm. Based on the overall performance and evaluation by multiple trait evaluation index and also considering the expression of the boil-off loss ratio three hybrids vix., BL67 ${\times}$ CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ were found superior and recommended for commercial exploitation.n.ion.n.
( D. Raghavendra Rao ),( Ravindra Singh ),( V. Premalatha ),( V. N. Sudha ),( B. K. Kariappa ),( S. B. Dandin ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
The process of removal of gummy proteinous material sericin from silk is commonly called as degumming loss or boil-off loss ratio. In the present study, the boil-off loss ratio in the cocoon shells of twelve multivoltine×bivoltine hybrids and their parents were analysed. Inheritance pattern of boil-off loss ratio was analysed in crosses involving high and low boil-off loss parents, F1s, F2s and back-crosses by parent off spring regression analysis. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis was also analysed for this character, Highly significant (P>0.01) variations were observed in eight out of ten multivoltine and two out of five bivoltine parents indicating the presence of genetic variation in the expression of boil-off loss ratio. Among F1 hybrids, ten hybrids expressed significant (P>0.01) variations when compared with control hybrid PM×NB4D2. Significant negative heterosis was expressed in three multi×bi hybrids viz., BL67×CSR101, 96A×CSR19 and 96C×CSR19, which is desirable for this character, whereas expression of heterobeltiosis was significant only with one hybrid, 96C×CSR18 in desired direction. Studies on inheritance pattern showed that the character is heritable and contribution percentage of female and male in the ratio of 50.9: 49.1 and it appears that both the parents are influencing in the expression of boil-off loss ratio in silkworm. Based on the overall performance and evaluation by multiple trait evaluation index and also considering the expression of the boil-off loss ratio three hybrids viz., BL67×CSR101, 96A×CSR19 and 96C×CSR18 were found superior and recommended for commercial exploitation.
D. Raghavendra Rao,Ravindra Singh,V. Premalatha,V. N. Sudha,B. K. Kariappa,S. B. Dandin 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
The process of removal of gummy proteinous material sericin from silk is commonly called as degumming loss or boil-off loss ratio. In the present study, the boiloff loss ratio in the cocoon shells of twelve multivoltine × bivoltine hybrids and their parents were analysed. Inheritance pattern of boil-off loss ratio was analysed in crosses involving high and low boil-off loss parents, F1s, F2s and back-crosses by parent off spring regression analysis. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis was also analysed for this character. Highly significant (P > 0.01) variations were observed in eight out of ten multivoltine and two out of five bivoltine parents indicating the presence of genetic variation in the expression of boil-off loss ratio. Among F1 hybrids, ten hybrids expressed significant (P > 0.01) variations when compared with control hybrid PM × NB4D2. Significant negative heterosis was expressed in three multi × bi hybrids viz., BL67 × CSR101, 96A × CSR19 and 96C × CSR19, which is desirable for this character, whereas expression of heterobeltiosis was significant only with one hybrid, 96C × CSR18 in desired direction. Studies on inheritance pattern showed that the character is heritable and contribution percentage of female and male in the ratio of 50.9: 49.1 and it appears that both the parents are influencing in the expression of boil-off loss ratio in silkworm. Based on the overall performance and evaluation by multiple trait evaluation index and also considering the expression of the boiloff loss ratio three hybrids viz., BL67 × CSR101, 96A × CSR19 and 96C × CSR18 were found superior and recommended for commercial exploitation.
Susheelamma, B.N.,Kamble, Chandrakanth,Dandin, S.B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2
Studies on the interrelationship between biological yield and harvest index, and their association with shoot rearing were carried out in 9 promising mulberry genotypes, which indicated significant variations among genotypes. Biological yield had close association with leaf yield components indicating that they are inter-related for higher productivity in mulberry, Biological yield revealed highly significant positive correlation with important leaf yield components. However height of the longest branch showed negative correlation with biological yield. Genotypes with higher biological yield associated with low ratio of stem weight to leaf weight and high Harvest index on dry weight basis are to be selected for shoot rearing. Biological yield recorded on fresh weight basis had less impact on the present study in comparison to dry weight basis.