http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)
이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2
Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.
성견에서 수직적 골결손부에 골이식후 교정력 적용시기에 따른 치주조직의 반응
이상열,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.3
본 연구는 수직적 골결손부에 골이식을 시행한 후 교정력 적용시기에 따른 치주조직의 반응을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 체중 15 kg 내외의 성견 9마리에서 상악 좌우측 제3절치의 원심 치근면에 수직적 골결손을 형성하고 치주질환을 유발시킨2주 후 치주판막술을 시행하고 골결손 기저부 수준의 치근면에 기준 흠을 형성하였다. 골이식 후 치유기간에 따라 2주군, 4주군, 6주군으로 각각 3마리씩 분류하고 우측 제3절치는 치주판막술만 하는 비이식측으로, 좌측 제3절치는 치주판막술과 골이식을 병용한 이식측으로 설정하여 양측 모두 술후 2주, 4주, 또는 6주부터 120 gm의 교정력을 적용하여8주 동안 치체이동 시킨 후2주간 보정하였다. 이후 동물을 희생시키고 조직표본을 만든 후 치주조직의 반응을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 실험동물에서 비이식측에 비해 이식측의 골재생양이 많이 나타났다. 2. 6주군에서는 홈에서 백악-법랑 경계부까지 거리의 1/2이상 치조골과 백악질이 재생되었고 상피의 하방증식없이 결합조직대가 치근면과 부착을 이루었다. 3. 4주군에서는6주군과 유사한 치주조직 재생소견을 보였으나 그 양은 더 적게 나타났다. 4. 2주군의 경우 골재생이 양측 모두 홈에 한정되어 나타났으며 상피의 하방증식이 홈의 기저부까지 연장되고 백악질과 결합조직의 재생은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 치주질환에 의한 수직적 골결손 환자에서 치주판막술과 골이식을 시행하고 교정적 치아이동을 할 경우 교정력 적용시기에 따른 치주조직의 반응이 차이가 있음을 시사하였다. (주요 단어 : 수직적 골결손, 골이식, 교정력 적용시기, 치주반응) The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal response according to the timing of orthodntic force application after bone graft into the angular bony defect. Nine dogs were divided into three groups, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, according to the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft. Periodontal angular bony defects were created surgically at the distal aspect of both maxillary third incisors. Two weeks later, flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of the bottom of each defect. Demineralized freeze-dried bone was implanted on the left side whereas only debridement was done on the other side. Experimental tooth movement was executed during 8 weeks on both graft and non-graft sides. After 2 weeks of retention period, animals were sacrificed for histologic specimens. The results were obtained as follows : 1.New bone formation was more pronounced in the graft side than in the non-graft side in all experimental animals. 2.In the 6-week group, new bone and cementum formation was observed in more than half from the notch to the cemento-enamel junction, and the zone of connective tissue attachment was found without apical migration of junctional epithelium. 3.In the 4-week group, the amount of new bone formation was smaller than in the 6-week group whereas the overall remodeling pattern was similar. 4.New bone formation was confined to around the notch and the junctional epithelium migrated apically to the level of the notch with no connective tissue attachment and cementum formation in the 2-week group. The results of the present study suggest that periodontal response may be influenced by the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft into angular bony defect. Key words : Angular bony defect, Bone graft, Timing, Periodontal response
정모두부방사선사진 촬영시 두부의 수직회전에 따른 투사오차
고은희,이기헌,황현식,성재현 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.4
This study was performed to find out how much projection errors in the cephalometric measurements were made by vertical head rotation in taking posteroanterior cephalograms. 25 adults without any apparent facial asymmetry or severe sagittal skeletal discrepancy were selected and the posteroanterior cephalograms were taken with the head rotated 5˚, 10˚ superior and inferior each to the reference position(0˚), The 7 height. 5 width and 6 angular measurements were taken at each 5 positions. Through the statistical analysis of all measurements taken at each rotated position, following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of height measurements were remarkably larger than those of width or angular measurements. 2. Among the height measurements, the farther to the rotation axis the measurements were. the larger the projection errors were. 3. Among the width measurements. mandibular width and intermolar width of mandibular first molars showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position. while nasal width, maxillary width and intermolar width of maxillary first molars did not. 4. Among the angular measurements. the angle between horizontal reference line and the line that is connected to crista galli and antegonion or maxillare showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position. The above results suggest that it is needed to the effort to keep constant head rotation for taking the useful posteroanterior cephalogram, because projection errors are caused by vertical head rotation.
제Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 안정위시와 /s/발음시 혀의 위치에 관한 두부방사선계측학적 연구
이기헌,김종철 전남대학교 치과대학 1992 전남치대논문집 Vol.4 No.1
Tongue posture at rest position of Class Ⅲ malocclusion is very important in malocclusion and phonation. Because Class Ⅲ malocclusion showes low tongue position, speech defect is commonly occured. This study was attempted to evaluate the correlationship between the tongue posture at rest position and during /s/ phonation and facial skeleton in centric occlusion. Thirty subjects with Class Ⅲ malocclusion who had no orofacial defects such as cleft palate, medical history of neurologic pathology, hearing defect and any previous speech therapy were selected. Ninety sheets of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at rest position, during /s/ phonation and centric occlusion were traced, measured and statistically analysed. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the posture of tongue was positively correlated with the position of hyoid body. The hyoid body was positioned anteriorly and inferiorly as the vertical facial skeleton was increased in centric occlusion. 2. In Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the vertical position of tongue tip at rest position was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion, but the horizontal position had low correlation with mandibular body length, APDI, and ?? to SN. 3. In Class Ⅲ malocclusion, there was the tendency that the dorsal position of the tongue was lowered as the vertical facial skeleton was increased. 4. In Class Ⅲ malocclusion, the vertical and horizontal position of tongue tip during /s/ phonation was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion.
보드 레벨 플립칩의 4점 굽힘 시험 시 파단 특성 연구
이용성,정종설,이재헌,신기훈,정성균 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-
In general, circuit board assemblies experience various mechanical loadings during assembly and in actual use. The repeated cyclic bending can cause electrical failures due to circuit board cracks, solder interconnects cracks, and the component cracks. In this paper, we report on the failure characteristics of board level flip chips under the repeated cyclic bending. We first describe a new 4-point bending tester, which is developed according to JEDEC standard No.. 22B113. The performance of the tester is then estimated through actual experiments . Test results reveal that the cracks first occur on the outer balls around 20,000 cycles and gradually propagate to the inner balls where cracks are found around 70,000 cycles.
이종성,최군호,조용석,박기헌 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.47 No.1
This paper treats the guide path tracking problem of an experimental automated guided vehicle. An experimental guide path is made of aluminium foil which has width of 2[cm]. When a aluminium foil is used as the guide path, this may be less stable than a conservative rail guide path. In this case, it is necessary to control the steering system which influences the system stability. A digital PD(Proportional and Derivative)controller is used to manipulate the steering system and it is verified by laboratory experiments that the designed AGV tracks the guide path within the range of 3.2[cm] deviation. In order to increase accuracy of the guide path tracking, it would be necessary to introduce the constant speed mode and slow-down speed mode according to the state of guide path.
여자 수영선수들의 체력요인에 의한 경기력 결정요인 분석
이철원,박기헌,이희창 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3
This study was undertaken to identify factorial structure of physical fitness components for female swimmers, In order to accomplish this purpose, the 8 physical fitness test were conducted to 2003 winter preliminary national delegate 30 female swimmers(20 female middle school swimmers, 10 high school swimmers). For the concretely, this study was conducted to physical fitness battery was grip strength, sit-ups, 1600m run, 10m shuttle run, standing trunk. flexion, closed eyes foot balance, Factor analysis was applied for analyzing factorial structure of each physical fitness components, The implication of the study are as follows; 1. Among the factors of physical fitness, two factors are important, The first called Factor I outcomes total ratio 35.910%, the second factor called Factor Ⅱ outcomes 17,347%. 2. Factor I is the standing high jump(.840), grip strength(.689), closed eyes foot balance(.491), 10m shuttle run(-.397), 160m run(-.377), standing trunk flexion(-.317) composed of speed, muscular strength, balance that had an impact on a maximum performance outcomes in female swimming match. 3. Factor Ⅱ is complex components factor composed of 10m shuttle run(-.714), standing trunk. flexion(.694), sit-ups(-.714), 1600m run(-.524).
이철원,박기헌,이희창 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3
The aim of this research is to investigate participation types of leisure activities of girls' highschool students and levels of their stress from daily life and enable them to spend their adolescence soundly. The objects of this research are 408 students in total, who are randomly selected ones, 100 students in each school and one class in eaach grade, in the 5 chosen schools among all the girl's high schools which are located in J city. Frequency, period, types, grade, etc of participation in leisure activities are used as independent variables and levels of their stress from daily life are used as dependent variables. Results derived from the research by the analysis of monistic dependent variable are as follows. 1) It proved that levels of stress caused by participation in leisure activities were the lowest in the freshman class of the high school of all the grades. 2) It proved that levels of stress caused by frequency and period of participation in leisure activities showed no difference between them. 3) It proved that levels of stress caused by types of participation in leisure activities were lower in the groups participation sports types than in the viewing and game activities.
식도정맥류출혈에 대한 내시경적 경화요법의 시술방법에 따른 지혈효과의 비교연구
이헌영,이기천,정현용,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2
Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy(EIS) is currently the primary treatment of choice for the majority of patients who present esophageal vsarix bleeding. But, in EIS, unanswered methodologic problem and controversies remain. We assigned 99 patients with esophageal varix bleeding seen at Chungnam National University Hospital from May. 1989 to Dec. 1991. Single injection at one varix column was made in 73 patients (Mono-puncture group) and multiple injections were made in 26 patients (Multi-punctures group). The results are follows 1) Mean age was 48.01±11.4 years and male to female ratio was 7:1, but there was no difference between 2 groups. 2) Most frequent etiology of bleeding varices were alcoholic liver cirrhosis(43 %) and hepatitis B virus associated liver cirrhosis(31%), and the most patients had a advanced liver disease, such as Child's classification B(46%) and C(29%), but there was no difference between 2 groups. 3) In variceal form, rates of Fl, F2 & F3 were 2%, 27%, & 67%, and red color sign was seen in 80% of patients, but there was no difference between 2 groups. 4) Total number of treatment were 3.1± 2.1 in mono-puncture group and 4.1± 3.0 in multi-puncture group, and total volumes of sclerosant were 21.3± 17.Oml, 30.3± 19.4m1. Mean volumes per treatment session was 6.9± 4.5ml, 7.4± 5.9ml, and mean volume per one puncture site were 1.6± 1.0 ml and 1.1± 0.9ml. There were significantly difference between 2 groups in total volume of sclerosant and mean volume per one puncture site. 5) Before and after EIS, the changes of hematologic finding were not significant, and transfusion requirments were decreased, in both groups. 6) Complications of EIS were chest and epigastric pain(82%), fever(31%), pleural effusion(8%), sclerotherapy failure(9%) and rebleeding during admission(15%), but there was no difference between 2 groups. These findings suggest that differences of clinical effects and complications were not significant between 2 groups.