http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Khurshid Ahmed Mir,Ajmer Singh Dhatt,Jagdeep Singh Sandhu,Satbir Singh Gosal 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.3
In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was attempted using hypocotyl, cotyledon and root derived callus of five elite genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) viz. Punjab Barsati, Punjab Sadabahar, Jamuni Gola, PBSR-11 and BB-93C. Somatic embryogenesis in all three explants was induced by using different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 0.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP. The highest percent somatic embryogenesis was capitulated with NAA 1.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from hypocotyl, 1.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from cotyledon and 2.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from root explants. The somatic embryos derived from different explants were induced to elongate into shoots on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP and regenerated into whole plants. Genotype, explant and genotype x explant interaction showed highly significant effects on embryogenesis. Among the genotypes, BB-93C was the most responsive for somatic embryogenesis, whereas among the explants, hypocotyl yielded the highest percent somatic embryos followed by cotyledon and root. Plants regenerated via somatic embryos were rooted on ½ strength MS basal media in vitro.
Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,Sumera Ahmed,홍영준,심두선,박근호,김주한,안영근,강정채,조명찬,Chong Jin Kim,김영조 대한심장학회 2012 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.42 No.12
Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to compare different coronary stents used during primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and CKD. Subjects and Methods: We selected 2408 consecutive STEMI patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )undergoing primary PCI and divided them into 5 groups based on the type of stent implanted: 1) bare metal stent (BMS), 2) paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES), 3) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), 4) zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES), or 5) everolimus-eluting stent (EES). The study end-point was the number of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 12 months. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of 12-month myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or target vessel revascularization between stent groups; however, the overall rate of repeat revascularization differed significantly between groups. All-cause death differed significantly among the groups. The incidence of 12-month MACE in BMS, PES, SES, ZES, and EES was 8.3%, 9.8%,8.6%, 5.5%, and 2.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis did not show a significant differences in 12-month MACE-free survival among the groups (log-rank p=0.076). This finding remained the same after adjusting for multiple confounders (p=0.147). Conclusion: Any of the 5 stents can be used to treat STEMI patients with CKD undergoing primary PCI; all have similar risk of 12-month MACE. This result is hypothesis-generating and warrants further evaluation with a long-term randomized study.
Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,홍영준,심두선,Sumera Ahmed,Seung Hwan Hwang,Min Goo Lee,Keun Ho Park,김주한,안영근,조명찬,Chong Jin Kim,김영조,Jong Chun Park,강정채,성인환,배장호 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.11
The aim of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of 4 homogenous overlapping drug-eluting stents (DES) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. We selected 1,349consecutive patients (62.1 ± 14.9 yr, 69.4% male) who received homogenous overlapping DESs in diffuse de novo coronary lesions from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from April 2006 through September 2010. They were divided into 4 groups based on type of DES implanted – Paclitaxel (PES), Sirolimus (SES), Zotarolimus (ZES) and Everolimus (EES)-eluting stents. Primary endpoint was 12-month MACE. We also studied EES versus other DESs (PES + SES + ZES). Mean stent length was 26.2 ± 7.5 mm and mean stent diameter was 3.1 ± 0.4 mm. Average number of stents used per vessel was 2.2 ± 0.5. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in PES, SES, ZES, and EES groups were 9.5%, 9.2%, 7.5%, and 3.8%, respectively (P = 0.013). In EES group, overall MACE and repeat revascularization were lowest, and no incidence of stent thrombosis was observed. Non-fatal MI was highest in PES, almost similar in SES and EES with no incidence in ZES group (P = 0.044). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed no differences in the incidence of primary endpoint (P = 0.409). This study shows no significant differences in 12-month MACE among 4 groups.
Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,홍영준,Mi Sook Oh,Kyung Hoon Cho,김민철,Daisuke Hachinohe,Seung Hwan Hwang,Min Goo Lee,심두선,박근호,김주한,안영근,강정채 대한심장학회 2012 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.42 No.5
Background and Objectives: Non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are markers of athero-sclerotic risk and predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical impact of non-HDL-C and ApoB on clini-cal outcomes in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percuatneous coronary intervetion. Subjects and Methods: We analyzed 470 MS patients (64.4±12.0 years, 53.6% male) with AMI who were followed-up for 12-month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from December 2005 to January 2008 in a single center. These patients were divided into 2groups based on median values of non-HDL-C and ApoB. We studied their baseline and follow-up relation with 12-month clinical out-comes, all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: Mean values of baseline non-HDL-C and ApoB were 141.2±43.1 mg/dL and 99.3±29.0 mg/dL respectively. During 12-month fol-low-up 32 MACE (6.8%) and 12 deaths (2.5%) occurred. We observed significant correlation between non-HDL-C and ApoB. Twelve-month MACE and all-cause death after PCI showed no significant relation as non-HDL-C or ApoB levels increased. Follow-up patients (n=306, rate 65%) also did not show significant relation with clinical outcomes. Twelve-month MACE decreased as non-HDL-C and ApoB reduction rates increased. Conclusion: There was no significant association between higher non-HDL-C or ApoB and 12-month clinical outcomes in MS patients with AMI undergoing PCI. ApoB was found to be a better predictor of 12-month MACE than non-HDL-C based on their reduction rates.
Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,조경훈,심두선,홍영준,안영근,Daisuke Hachinohe,조명찬,김종진,김영조 대한심장학회 2012 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.42 No.3
Background and Objectives: Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of inflammation and may lead to the development of atherosclerosis, adversely affecting mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between baseline hs-CRP level and 12-month clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to their body mass index (BMI) status. Subjects and Methods: Using data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from November 2005 to September 2008, a total of 8174 consecutive AMI patients were studied. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that higher baseline levels of hs-CRP was associated with 12-month all-cause mortality (p=0.045). To further understand this association, patients were divided into 3 groups based on their body mass index: 1) overweight/obese, 2) normal weight, and 3) underweight patients. Then each group was stratified into quartiles based on their hs-CRP. Results: In overweight/obese patients, Cox model showed significant association of hs-CRP with 12-month mortality when adjusted for age and gender (p<0.001), however, after adjustment with multiple covariates, mortality was highest in the 4th quartile {HR 2.382, (1.079-5.259), p=0.032} though statistically insignificant (p=0.172). We observed no significant association of serum hs-CRP with 12-month mortality in normal weight (p=0.681) and underweight (p=0.760) patients. Conclusion: Higher baseline hs-CRP level (≥4.08 mg/dL) in overweight/obese AMI patients showed significant association with 12-month all-cause mortality independent of other prognostic markers.
Abbasi, Ahmed Nadeem,Hafiz, Asim,Ali, Nasir,Khan, Khurshid Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10
Background: Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Importance of tumor coverage and challenges posed by its unique and critical location are well evident. Therefore we aimed to evaluate our radiation treatment plan through dose volume histograms (DVHs) to find planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage and factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered 45 histologically proven nasopharyngeal cancer patients who were treated with definitive 3D-CRT and chemotherapy between Feb 2006 to March 2013 at the Department of Oncology, Section Radiation Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. DVH was evaluated to find numbers of shrinking field (phases), PTV volume in different phases and its coverage by the 95% isodose lines, along with influencing factors. Results: There were 36 males (80%) and 9 females (20%) in the age range of 12-84 years. Stage IVA (46.7%) was the most common stage followed by stage III (31.1). Eighty six point six-percent received induction, 95.5% received concurrent and 22.2% received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prescribed median radiation dose was 70Gy to primary, 60Gy to clinically positive neck nodes and 50Gy to clinically negative neck regions. Mean dose to spinal cord was 44.2Gy and to optic chiasma was 52Gy. Thirty seven point eight-percent patients completed their treatment in three phases while 62.2% required four to five phases. Mean volume for PTV3 was $247.8cm^3$ (50-644.3), PTV4 $173.8cm^3$ (26.5-345.1) and PTV5 $119.6cm^3$ (18.9-246.1) and PTV volume coverage by 95% isodose lines were 74.4%, 85.7% and 100% respectively. Advanced T stage, intracranial extension and tumor volume > $200cm^3$ were found to be important factors associated with decreased PTV coverage by 95% isodose line. Conclusions: 3D CRT results in adequate PTV dose coverage by 95% isodose line. However advanced T stage, intracranial extension and large target volume require more advanced techniques like IMRT for appropriate PTV coverage.
Optimality of Linear MIMO Detection for 5G Systems via 1-Opt Local Search
Khurshid Kiran,Khan Adnan Ahmed,Siddiqui Muhammad Haroon,Hadi M. Usman,Rashid Imran,Imran Muhammad 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.2
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) symbol detection problem belongs to non-deterministic polynomial acceptable hard combinatorial optimization (CO) class. One of the key trials in design of MIMO scheme is to develop a low complexity detection algorithm without much compromise in performance. Detection approaches proposed in the literature can be split into non-linear and linear algorithms. Vertical Bell-Labs Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) and Sphere Decoder (SD) are non-linear methods used for extracting transmitted data; whereas, Zero-Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detections are comparatively in complex and eff ectual linear techniques. In this work, the heuristic 1-Opt local search method used for solving computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems is applied to the ZF and MMSE detection algorithms. First, simple MIMO decoding using ZF and MMSE is accomplished to fi nd the estimated symbol then the transmitted symbol is calculated using the heuristic 1-opt approach by means of the estimated symbol. Simulation results demonstrate that 1-opt search when applied to the ZF and MMSE displays better bit error rate (BER) performance than the simple ZF and MMSE detectors. It is also verifi ed through simulations that the proposed 1-Opt based detectors display better BER performance as compared to the complex nonlinear VBLAST and SD at considerably reduced complexity. Hence, the proposed detectors are appropriate for eff ective hardware implementations.