Ultrasonic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Seawater and Brackish Water

So Young Park,Jong Sung Park,Ha Yoon Lee,Ji Yong Heo,Yeo Min Yoon,Kyung Ho Choi,Nam Guk Her 대한환경공학회 2011 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.16 No.3

In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (Ee₂) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for Ee₂ compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and Ee₂ in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 min-1 for BPA and 0.081-0.094 min-1 for Ee₂) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 min-1 for BPA and 0.092?0.124 min-1 for Ee₂). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 min-1 for BPA and 0.147-0.228 min-1 for Ee₂). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and Ee₂: 0.018-0.107 min-1 without beads and 0.052-0.142 min-1 with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 min-1 without beads and 0.054-0.136 min-1 with beads for Ee₂. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and Ee₂ was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 min-1 in SBW and 0.087-0.101 min-1 in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 min-1 in SWB and 0.092-0.105 min-1 in SSW for Ee₂. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg L-1) and 7% (10 mg L-1) in SBW and 7% (3 mg L-1) and 4% (10 mg L-1) in SSW.

운동 직후 고온 침수가 EPOC와 TG/ fatty acid cycling에 미치는 영향

조현철,김종규,강민철,홍완표,박노혁 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose this study was to estimate effects of EPOC and TG/fatty acid cycling on warm water immersion of immediately after exercise. To elucidate the role of fatty metabolism, a sequence of five experiments was performed. Seven physically active, male subjects volunteered to participate in the presented study. The mean values for age, body mass and hight were 25±1.52 yr, 79.2±9.52kg, 177.2±4.62cm, respectively. After giving consent, participant visited the laboratory on six occasion: 1) 30min of treadmill exercise VO2max 55% and a further 60min recovery, 2) 30min partial body warm water immersion in a 39℃ and a further 60min recovery, 3) 30min whole body warm water immersion in a 39℃ and a further 60min recovery, 4) 30min of treadmill exercise VO2mas 55% and in 30min partial body warm water immersion in a 39℃, 5) 30min of treadmill exercise VO2max 55% and in 30min whole body warm water immersion in a 39℃. When compared by recover period within repeat on the base of changes of subjects average body temperature, not effective interactions among repeat. However, partial and whole body warm water immersion immediately after exercise shows it as the best effective exercise for VO2max 55%, partial and whole body warm water immersion. When compared by recover period within repeat on the base of changes of subjects EPOC, effective interactions among repeat(p<.05). Partial and whole body warm water immersion immediately after exercise shows it as the best effective exercise for VO2mas 55%, partial and whole body warm water immersion. The catecholamines concentration was significantly higher partial and whole body warm water immersion than exercise of VO2max 55%(p<.05). The TG concentration and free fatty acid was significantly higher partial and whole body warm water immersion immediately after exercise than exercise of VO2max 55% than Partial and whole body warm water immersion(p<.05). Based on the facts that we have discussed above, human metabolism is increased by both exercise and conditions of immersion and partial and whole body warm water immersion immediately after exercise than exercise of VO2maw 55% shows it as better effective treatment for increasing TG/Fatty acid cycling activation. Due to extremely heavy stress complained by subjects during whole body immersion, it is thought that more researches on it should be required.

사회적 음주자에서 날트렉손 투여가 급성 음주 반응에 미치는 영향

김종현,김성곤,신성현,박제민,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : We investigated the effects of naltrexone on acute alcohol response, stimulant and sedative, in healthy social drinkers using two doses of alcohol intake. Methods : Twenty four healthy male medical students were voluntarily participated. The experimental method was Cross-over design, Subjects received 25 mg/day or 50 mg/day of naltrexone on the experimental days. Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES), alcohol craving, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were measured before drinking and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90,and 120 min after drinking. Results : 1) Group of 0.6 mg/kg of alcohol intake. When the scores of stimulative subscale of BAES were compared bet-ween the naltrexone and control group, the scores were significantly lower in the naltrexone group at 15 and 90 min after drinking. Alcohol induced sedative effect was significantly higher in the naltrexone group at 90 min after drinking. The alcohol induced alcohol craving at 45 and 60 min after drinking was significantly lower in the naltrexone group as compared to the control. 2) Group of 0.3 ing/kg of alcohol intake. The alcohol induced stimulative effect evident in the control group seen in the time span of 15 to 45 min after drinking was not seen in the naltrexone group. The increase of alcohol induced alcohol craving noticed at 30 min after drinking in the control group was not seen in the naltrexone group. BAC at 15 min after drinking was lower in the naltrexone group compared to the control. Conclusion : Naltrexone is suggested to attenuate stimulative effect, to intensify sedative effect, and to block alcohol induced alcohol craving. These triple actions might be utilized for treatment and prevention of relapse of alcohol dependence.

선인장 양심실 보조장치의 설계 및 임상적용을 위한 평가

민병구,박찬영,최재순,이혁수,황창모,김삼성,윤걸중,김종원,선경,이경갑,정종태,김원곤 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

현재 개발되고 있는 맥동형 이식형 인공심장은 완전이식형 인공심장과 좌심실보조장치 뿐이다. 좌심실보조장치를 장착한 환자의 10~15%가 우심실의 보조를 필요로하고 완전이식형 인공심장의 장착을 위해서는 자연심장을 제거해야하는 상황에서 이식형 양심실보조장치에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구진은 완전이식형 인공심장으로 개발된 한국형 인공심장을 개선하여 양심 실 보조장치를 개발하였다. 양심실보조장치는 이동형 작동기식 미케니즘을 이용하고 있으며 에너지 변환장치와 감속기로 구성된 작동기와 혈액주머니, 그리고 내장형 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 선인장 펌프로 명명된 KAH350은 캐뉼라의 연결을 위한 커넥터를 포함하여 길이 177mm, 폭 164mm, 높이 67 이고 무게 780g이며 최대 심박출량은 5L/min 이다. 양심실보조장치로 개발된 선인장펌프는 좌심실보조장치로도 응용이 가능하다. 이식적합성과 생체적합성을 평가하기 위하여 좌심실보조장치로 5회, 양싱실보조장치로 6회의 동물실험을 수행하였다. 각각 최장 28일간 생존하였으며 11회의 동물실험중 장치의 결함에 의한 것이 3회 있었는데 이들은 모두 전자장치의 결함과 방수처리문제였다. 현재 이식적합성과 일박출량을 향상시킨 KAH400모델이 개발중이다. The types of pulsatile implantable artificial hearts that are on the way of development and have been developed are totally implantable artificial heart and implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Approximately 10% to 15% of all patients Implanted with wearable VADs have required right heart support with another device. And it is reluctant to patient who should remove his or her own heart to be implanted with total artificial heart. These situations drive the development of implantable bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD). The Korean BVAD was develophed by modifying the moving actuator type Korean artificial heart. This electro-mechanical BVAD comprises actuator including energy converter and reduction gear train, blood sacs, and internal motor and energy controllers. The KAH350 which is named as 'Cactus Pump' is 177mm in length, 164mm in width, and 67mm in thickness including connectors and nuts. The weight and maximum cardiac output of Cactus Pump is 780g and 5L/min, respectively. The Cactus Pump that was developed as BVAD could be used as LVAD by attaching compliance caps on the 2 ports of one ventricle. The animal experiments were undergone 5 times for LVAD, and 6 times for BVAD. The best records were 28 days survival in both applications. There were 3 times of device failure and they were all associated with electrical connection and hermetic sealing. The KAH400 that has improved anatomical fitting characterisitcs and stroke volume is on development.

흰쥐의 중추성 Serotonin 고갈이 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간, 불안 및 수동적 회피 학습에 미치는 효과

박제민,김종백,강철중 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3

흰쥐에서 p-chlorphenylalanine(PCPA)로 인한 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간의 단축이 불안이나 수동적 회피 학습 능력의 변화와 관련된 것인가를 검증하고자 하였다. 흰쥐에게 PCPA 300mg/kg 혹은 생리식염수를 하루 한 번 연속 3회 복강내 주사하였다. 마지막 주사 24시간 후에 공간에서의 활동성(ACT0), 높은 십자 통로 실험에서 개방 통로에 머무는 시간(ANX0), 왕복 회피상자에서 통과 지연 시간(STL0) 등을 측정하고 0.5mA 전기자극을 3초간 주어 회피 반응을 학습시켰다. 그리고 15분간 강제수영시켰다. 다음 날 같은 방법으로 활동성(ACT1), 불안(ANX1), 수동적 회피 반응 학습 정도(STL1), 5분간의 강제수영 중 총 부동 자세 시간 등을 측정하였다. 마지막 약물 혹은 대조액 투여 7일 후 수동적 회피 학습 유지 정도(STL7)를 다시 측정하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 전체 대상군에서 ACT1은 ACT0보다 감소하였다. PCPA는 개방공간에서의 활동성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 2) PCPA 군은 높은 십자 통로 실험에서 ANX0와 ANX1 둘 다 대조군 보다 유의하게 길었다. 3) STL1은 PCPA군과 대조군 모두 STL0 보다 유의하게 지연되었다. PCPA는 STL0 이나 STL1에 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 대조군은 수동적 회피 학습 7일 후에도 통과 지연 시간이 유의하게 연장되어 있는데 반하여 PCPA군은 STL7이 STL0과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간은 PCPA군이 대조군보다 유의하게 짧았다. 이상의 결과에서 PCPA 투여로 인한 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간의 단축은 PCPA가 비특이적 신체 활동을 증가시키거나 수동적 회피 반응 습득을 방해함으로써 일어나는 현상이 아니며, 진정 작용없이 탐색 행동을 증가시키거나, 스트레스 하에서의 행동 억제 현상을 차단함으로써 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간을 단축시킨다고 추론한다. 아울러 PCPA가 기억 고정 과정을 방해할 가능성이 있음을 제안한다. Purpose : The test if p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) induced decrease of immobility time during forced swimming test in rats is an epiphenomenon related with PCPA-induced changes in anxiety level or learning ability. Methods : 22 male rats(Sprague Dawley, weighting 180-280gm) were randomly assigned to PCPA or control group and treated with 300mg/kg of PCPA or saline i.p. at -72, -48, and -24 hrs. Number of segment(ACT0) entered with 4 limbs on the open field(L100×W100×H40cm, 25 segments), time(ANX0, sec) spent on the open arm(L110×W10cm, 50cm from the ground) in the elevated plus maze, and step-through latency(STL0, cut-off time : 300sec) in the shuttle box(L76.2×W34.3×H50.8cm, 7.5w electric bulb in the light chamber, 0.5mA for 3 sec in the dark chamber) were measured consequently at 24hrs after the last injection of PCPA or saline. After 20min of rest, animals were forced to swim for 15 min(cylinder : φ18×H40cm ; water : H15cm, 25℃). On the next day, the second trial of open field test(ACT1), elevated plus maze test(ANX1), passive avoidance learning test(STL1), and measurement of total immobility time(IT, sec) during the 5min of forced swim were done in the same manner as the first trial except that electrical shock was not given to the animals in the passive avoidance learning test and duration of forced swimming was shortened from 15min to 5min. To evaluate longterm effect of PCPA on maintenance of memory, measurement of step-through latency was repeated 7 days after the first trial(STL7). Result: 1) ACT1 was significantly decreased in the pooled sample, but the effect of PCPA on the general motor activity was not significant. 2) PCPA significantly prolonged the time spent on the open arms in the elevated plus maze test. 3) Comparing to STL0, STL1 was significantly prolonged in both groups. PCPA did not affect STL0 or STL1. STL7 was significantly prolonged in the control group, but not in the PCPA group. 4) PCPA shortened IT significantly. Conclusion : PCPA-induced decrease of immobility time during the forced swimming test in rats seems to be related with disinhibition of stress-related behavioral suppression. PCPA does not affect acquisition and short-term maintenance of passive avoidance learning, but necessity of further studies about its effect on long-term maintenance on memory is raised.

Caffeine 과 Glucose 투여가 지구성 운동중 대사 및 호흡기능에 미치는 효과

박해근,전종귀,홍성표,민창기 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1986 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.1

Twelve male students (major in physical education; non-coffee drinkers; 6 endurance athletes; 6 non-athletes) were studied to determine the effects of caffeine, and Glucose feedings on submaximal endurance performance. Each subject performed three submaximal cycling trials at an absolute intensity of 900kpm. The trials were randomized to negate any possible order or training effects. For the caffeine trial, 2.5 mg/kg body weight of caffeine in 250ml of artificially sweetened barley tea was ingested twice one hour and 30.min prior to the ride. In the glucose trial, 0.5g/kg. body weight of glucose in 250m1 of barley tea was ingested twice one hour and 30 min prior to the ride. During the control trial, 250ml of artificially sweetened barley tea was ingested twice one hour and 30 min prior to the ride. obtained data from the three trials were analyzed with one way ANOVA for repeated measures design. Significant differences between means were located using a multivariate comparison. The level of significance was established at p<0. 05. The results were summerized as follows : Ingestion of glucose elevated blood glucose and insulin levels at rest , but no significant differences in blood glucose concentration were found between the three trials . Glucose ingestion resulted in rapid hypoglycemia and inhibition of FFA mobilization during exercise. Caffeine ingestion increased significantly in VE, Vo2 and plasma osmolarity during the exercise. But caffeine ingestion failed to elevate plasma FFA concentration, HR and blood pressure significantly. Glucose or caffeine ingestion did not change in blood lactate, Hb , plasma Na+ concentration, Hit and RQ during exercise. In the above results, It was suggested that ingestion of caffeine prior to the exercise fail to increase in lipid metabolism during exorcise and may have some detrimental effects on endurance performance besides psychological ergogenic effect of caffeine, and that glucose ingestion prior to the exercise elevate blood glucose and insulin level at rest but may have detrimental effect of endurance performance because of rapid hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinemia.

배지의 종류와 부피가 절화 장미 ‘Red Sandra’와 ‘Little Marble’ 삽목시 발근 및 생장에 미치는 영향

정종운(Jong Woon Jeong),김경희(Gyeong Hee Kim),황승재(Seung Jae Hwang),박수민(Su Min Park),정병룡(Byoung Ryong Jeong) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2005 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 배지의 종류 및 부피가 절화 장미의 발근과 발근 후 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 실험은 유리온실의 철재 베드에 높이 1.5m의 아치형 터널을 설치하고 습도유지를 위하여 fog(200sec./5min. or 100sec./5min) 가습하고, 삽목초기에 차광률 55%의 한랭사로 차광하였다. 실험재료는 Rosa hybrida ‘Red Sandra’와 ‘Little Marble' 두 품종을 사용하였다. 배지의 종류에 따른 발근 차이를 알아보기 위하여 10가지 배지(토실이 상토, 암면큐브, phenolic foam, perlite, vermiculite, 또는 perlite와 peatmoss 1 : 1, perlite와 coir 1 : 1, perlite와 rockwool 1 : 1, rockwool과 peatmoss 1 : 1, rockwool과 coir 1 : 1, v/v)를 준비하여 삽목하였다. 발근배지의 부피에 따른 발근 및 생육의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 3가지의 배지(토실이 상토, 암면큐브, phenolic foam)를 각각 3가지 부피(3 × 3 × 3cm, 5 × 5 × 5cm, 7 × 7 × 7cm)에 삽목하였다. 배지의 종류를 달리한 실험은 두 품종 모두에서 Rockwool 1: Peatmoss 1 배지에서 발근과 생육에서 가장 좋은 결과가 나타났으며, 배지의 부피에 따른 발근율과 모든 생육은 배지의 용적이 커질수록 좋았다. Experiments were conducted to measure rooting and growth of rose cuttings as affected by medium composition and volume. Rosa hybrid a 'Red Sandra' and 'Little Marble' were used as test plants. For medium composition test, rockwool, phenolic foam, perlite, vermiculite, peatmoss, coir and a commercial medium (Tosilee medium) were applied in single or mixed forms on the propagation bed with fog (200 sec./5 min.) installed to control the humidification time. 'Red Sandra' and 'Little Marble' cuttings were planted in 16-cell plastic pots and 72-cell plug trays, respectively. For the medium volume test, 72-cell plug trays and 16-cell or 9-cell plastic pots were used. Cuttings with an uniform node with a five-leaflet leaf was soaked in a 500 ㎎ㆍL?¹ IBA solution for 30 sec. A fogging system installed on the propagation bed was used for (100 sec./5 min.). Rockwool 1 : peatmoss 1 (v/v) was the most effective on growth and rooting for both cultivars and high volume of Tosilee medium and rockwool were most effective media for both cultivars.

운동이 백서 스테로이드 근병증에 미치는 효과

박상준,이민철,김세종,박상준,이민철,김세종 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

老齡者의 建康을 위한 生活習慣 實態調査

申東敏,長鳳愚,李揆文,金賢俊,金昌範,崔宗洙,崔鍾晥,李鍾珏,金圭碩,趙庚旭,金鍾聲,朴鍾振 平生體育硏究所 論文集 1987 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

With a view to examining the habit and method in which old people maintain and improve their health, we consulted 551 men and 444 women who were over 65 years old, and concluded as follows: 1. Habit of eating It's been revealed that most of the old people keep a regular eating hour, control the quantity of meal or eat a little food, and prefer vegetables to meat. 2. Mental health Old people feel the necessity for mental health and most of them (about 80%) keep good mental health without becoming pessimistic. Their chief concenrs have turned out to be about their sons and daughters and their own health and finance. 3. Managing Good Health It has been revelaed that old people do not possess any special kind of secret to keep good health but taking plenty of rest, regular meal, and proper exercise, and many of them (about 60%) have been shown to eat invigorant food that they can easily get around their living area. 4. Physical Functions It has been revealed that many old people are conscious of some symptoms about their parts of body and about to percent of them suffers from neuralgia. Some measures like medical aid especially for old people need to be taken as soon as possible. As we have found that the health-keeping method of old people consists plenty of rest, proper exercise, and appropriate nutrition, we can conclude that the recreatonal and culture facilities and programs for keeping old people in good health should be developed. It is also necessary to study food that contribute to their health and develop ways to get rid of the stresses to which they are exposed in their daily life. Presides, it is natural that government found an administrative department to deal with these matters effectively.

재활승마의 신체 부위별 효용성 연구

엄진종;박종민 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2010 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

This study is about how horse riding for rehabilitation affects each body part. There are study results that horse riding can be an alternative to boring but patience-requiring exercise such as situps as it provides more fun and helps lose weight. Based on study results, it can be stated that physical programs for horse riding for rehabilitation can be very diverse according to individual circumstances of each rider. These take place to provide aid to body parts with defects or weakness and horse riding programs quite naturally affect physical improvement of horse riders. Hence, horse riding for rehabilitation provides physical advantages based on natural, not forced, activities. From the perspective of symmetric exercises, horse riding for rehabilitation shows very desirable results. What is emphasized in a horse riding program for rehabilitation is the application of programs through walking and trotting, not a standstill. Riders would sit on a saddle for every activity and deliver all the movements of the horse, which leads to the result of physical exercises. Horse riding for rehabilitation is an exercise of the whole body helping muscular strengthening of both upper and lower bodies as well as symmetrical exercises, which will promote strengthening of the left body for a right-handed person, and vice versa. This will promote muscular movement of a body part which has had insufficient movement and lead to exercises of the whole body to realize the balanced physical development. This is a very common principle which has been neglected so far due to the lack of studies. There are also other effects of horse-riding training. According to relevant studies, horse-riding will significantly reduce the body fat ratio and consistent training will be effective to prevent or treat obesity. Also horse riding reduced the heart and blood vessel rate. This may have come from the improved cardiovascular functions thanks to aerobic exercises and horse riding can be helpful to treat hypertension. According to a study, horse riding is greatly helpful to increase the lung capacity and for aerobic exercises of weak people (Jeong, Wooyoung, 2007). As can be seen from this, horse riding is an exercise where people can feel the natural environment while walking in the fresh air. This will help children or adolescents to increase their muscular strength, correct body postures, and courage. It will help women to correct waist posture, Pelvic movement, and intestinal movement by riding on a horse. Horse riding for rehabilitation is an exercise of the whole body and riders have to sit straight on a horse, which will help correct the body shape and posture. So it is recommended as a good exercise for fashion models or women. Horse riding will consume 2,700~3,000 kcal, which exceeds 2,300~2,700 kcal, a daily consumption for an adult (Min, Kyungsun, Min, Jinah, Kwon, Young woo. 2001). If a rider does not eat too much after an exercise, this is ideal to lose weight. For a beginner, it is a hard training as one won't be able to sustain for more than 30 minutes. Studies into these effects include physical exercises such as hipotherapy and provide more active horse-riding therapy based on prescription that is more proper to a rider. Horse riding requires an exercise of the whole body and necessitates correct instruction or manipulation. So it has advantages unique to itself and unavailable in other physical therapies including improved horse-riding teclmiques, stimulation of each body part, and improvement of posture, balance, symmetry, and co-working of each body part. We notice the increasing awareness for participation in exercises through more diverse exercises based on the increased desire of contemporary men to be healthy. Additionally, there are more and more people taking part in sports for their hobbies and enjoying them as a means to improve health and leisure. While horse riding is considered to belong to the wealthy or a feast for the eyes that can be enjoyed through soap operas or western dramas,or even a sport exclusive for few upper class people, the increased horse-riding facilities nationwide and the well-being trend has made it shared by more people. Horse riding has many good impacts on each body part and most of the issues not solved through modem medicine can be affected positively through horse riding as a natural treatment. So it constitutes a sound policy and introduction of management techniques for good national health or medicinal system is recommended.