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이강숙,임현우,노영만,구정완,조재천,박정일,김진홍 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 2003 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.42 No.2
The production and intensive use of organochlorine chemicals, both in agriculture and industry, have led to wide spread contamination of the environment. There may be biological effects of organochlorine contaminated breast milk even when levels are below those concentrations that are currently regarded as tolerable. To evaluate the exposure of to fetus PCBs, we measured the sum of 13 congeners of PCBs in maternal blood, cord blood, breast milk and placenta of 30 Korean women by gas chromatograpy/electron capture detector. The concentration of total PCBs of maternal blood, cord blood and breast milk were 7.16±4.29 ㎍/ℓ, 5.16±3.12 ㎍/ℓ, 1.77±2.87 ㎍/ℓ respectively and they have no significant correlation. PCBs in placenta was not defected. However there were no significant differences of PCBs according to age, education, body mass index, parity, breastfeeding, smoking and drinking.
이진숙,김재구,최경락 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1
Lighting pattern is very important factor to improve efficiency in indoor lighting. The purpose of this study is to grasp that lighting patterns influence brightness. Experiment was carried out by scaled-models changed as lighting patterns and evaluations of brightness were done by Magnitude Evaluation Method and Semantic Difference Method. These were analyzed as Standard Score(Z score) by statistics. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1)The shorter accomodate-time is, the more brightness increase. 2)The more luminance increase, the more brightness increase. 3)Lighting pattern of unbalance is low brightness.
이현임,최영진,구숙희,양승주,김병로,김묘정,신일근,신미옥,서임선 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2
문제: 조직병리검사의 처방이 복잡하고 전문화됨에 따라 오류처방이 빈번하게 발생되고 이를 해결하기위한 프로세스가 복잡하여 부서간의 갈등과 업무의 가중, 또한 병원 수입 감소가 초래되었다. 목적: 발생된 오류처방의 유형과 발생율, 오류처방을 해결하기 위한 프로세스를 파악하여 이에 대한 문제점을 개선하여 업무의 효율성과 관련부서간의 부가업무 감소와 갈등해소, 더불어 병원수익을 향상시키는 것에 목표를 두고 활동하였다. 의료기관: 서울시에 소재한 종합병원 질 향상 활동: 조직병리검사 처방의 오류처방 발생 원인과 유형, 발생율을 조사하여 원인을 파악하고 개선을 위한 프로세스를 구축하여 질 향상을 도모하였다. 개선효과: 수술실에서 의뢰한 외과 입원환자의 일반조직병리검사 오류율은 개선 전 7.8%에서 개선 후 3.5%, 동결절편조직검사 오류율은 개선 전 28.6%에서 개선 후 0%로 이전보다 모두 개선되었다. 또한 수술실 간호사의 업무 만족도는 일반조직병리검사의 처방시 95%, 동결절편조직검사 처방시 90%로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 단 병리과의 경우 업무가 증가됨에 따라 초과근무시간이 증가하였다.
일부 부인과 양성 질환자의 지방조직 및 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도
박성균,이강숙,노영만,구정완,민선영,한진구,고원경,김미란,정재근,이종승,김진홍 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1
목적 : 본 연구는 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도를 측정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 요인들과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 유방암, 자궁내막증 등 유기염소계 화합물의 영향이 있는 것으로 알려진 호르몬 관련 질병을 제외한 부인과 환자 52명을 대상으로 지방조직과 혈청을 분석하였으며, 설문조사를 통하여 연령, 교육수준, 직업, 비만도, 흡연과 음주, 출산력, 수유력등을 조사하였다. 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도는 가스크로마토그래피를 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 지방조직의 경우, 13개 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 48.29 ng/g, 기하평균값이 56.78 ng/g이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 142.89ng/g, 기하평균값이 117.06 ng/g이었으며, 혈청의 경우는 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 4.67 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 4.85 ㎍/L이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 1.75 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 2.09 ㎍/L로 나타났다. 지방조직과 혈청의 DDE 농도 사이는 높은 상관성을 보였으나(r²=0.310, p=0,0002), PCBs는 상관성이 약한 것으로 나타났다(r²=0.029, p=0.2582). 영향요인을 범주화한 후 로그변환 시킨 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs, DDE 평균의 차이를 분석한 결과, 지방조직의 DDE만이 출산자녀수(p=0.015), 초산연령 (p=0.014), 비만지수(p=0.035)와 연관성이 발견되었다 다중회귀분석의 결과 지방조직의 DDE는 출산자녀수가 적을수록, 초산연령이 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 출산자녀수와 초산연령, 비만도가 지방조직의 DDE와 관련성을 보였으며, 또한 유기염소계 화합물의 장기간의 노출에 의한 영향을 평가하는데 있어서 혈청보다 지방조직이 더 유용한 생물지표임을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : This study was purposed to determine the levels of PCBs and DDE in adipose tissue and serum and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods : We analyzed adipose tissues and sera from 52 gynecologic benign disease patients aged 27-78 years, except hormonal diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. We also surveyed age, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, number of children, and duration of breastfeeding by questionnaires. Tissue and serum levels of PCBs and DDE were measured using gas chromatography. Results : The median and geometric mean levels of PCBs were 48.29 ng/g, 56.78 ng/g for adipose tissue and 4.67 ㎍/L, 4.85 ㎍/L for serum, and those of DDE were 142.89 ng/g, 117.06 ng/g for adipose tissue and 1.75 ㎍/L, 2.09 ㎍/L for serum, respectively. Adipose tissue and serum levels for DDE showed high correlation (r²=0.310, p=0.0002), but those of PCBs didn't (r²=0.029, p=0.2582). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed adipose tissue and serum PCBs and DDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly associated with number of children (p=0.015), age at first birth (p=0.074) and BMI (p=0.035). In multiple regression analysis, adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly increased with decreasing number of children and increasing age at first birth. Conclusions : This study suggested that parity and adiposity were associated with levels of DDE in adipose tissue, and adipose tissue is a better biomarker than serum for evaluating the long-term exposure of organochlorines.
뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성 평가
정성훈,강인구,박철영,류미숙,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설 대한당뇨병학회 2002 임상당뇨병 Vol.3 No.2
연구배경: 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 고령의 당뇨병환자는 이들의 신경학적 결손으로 경고 증상없이 심한 저혈당에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 실제로 하루 4번 정도의 자가 혈당 측정으로는 이를 감지하기 어려울 뿐 아니라 검사에 따른 고통으로 적극적인 혈당 조절에 제한이 따르게 된다. 이에 저자들은 Mini Med사의 지속적 혈당측정기(CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system)를 이용하여 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 24시간 혈당의 변동양상을 알아보고 각기 다른 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절의 효율성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 1월부터 6월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에 입원해 있는 10명의 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 제 2형 당뇨병환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 들은 모두 튜브식이를 받고 있엇고 최소 1개월 이상 인슐린 치료를 시행 받았다. 지속적 혈당측정기를 착용하고 3일간의 연속적인 혈당을 측정하였고, 치료 첫 날은 NPH, 둘째 날은 속효성 인슐린과 NPH, 마지막 날은 혼합형 인슐린제제로 치료하여 그 효과를 비교하였다. 이들 각기 다른 인슐린 제재의 하루 총량에 차이는 없었다. 혈당치가 3.3mmol/L 미만이거나 7.8mmol/L를 초과하는 경우 그 차이값의 총합을 시간으로 나누어 이 값(△Glu)이 적을수록 치료효과가 우수한 것으로 판정하였다. 또한 당 수치가 3.3mmol/L 미만인 경우를 저혈당 event, 16.7mmol/L 초과한 경우를 고혈당 event로 임의로 정의하였고, 이를 통해 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성을 간접적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 결과: 평균 △Glu값은 첫째 날이 0.93 ± 0.43mmol/Lㆍmin?¹, 둘째날이 0.71 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹ 마지막 날이 0.58 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹로서 서로 다른 3가지 치료방침사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.115). 10명의 환자들 중 자가 혈당측정기로는 1명에서 저혈당 event, 2명에서 고혈당 event를 인지하였으나 지속적 혈당측정기로는 각각 9명에서 event를 확인하였다. 결론: 지속적 혈당측정기를 이용한 각각의 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절 효율성의 차이는 없었으나, 자가혈당 측정기로는 알 수 없었던 일 중 혈당 변동사항을 정확하게 알 수 있어, 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 보다 적극적인 인슐린 치료 및 관리를 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Diabetic stroke patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia. However, there are many limitations in detecting hypoglycemic events, even though glucoses levels are checked 3 to 4 times per day using the fingerstick method. Therefore, we investigated the glycemic excursions and pattern in diabetic stroke patients using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS, MiniMed) and its clinical utility. The other objective was to compare the treatment dfficacy between insulin regimens. Methods: From jan 2001 to jun 2001, 10 adult type 2 diabetic stroke patients wore CGMS for consecutive 3 days, which continuously checked the glucose level. NPH insulin, multiple daily injection of regular insulin ± NPH and the mixed type(Novolet 30/70, Novo Nordisk) were used on the first, second and third days of the study, respectively. If the mean delta glucose(△Glu = A+B/time, A=∑(hlucose-7.8), glucose > 7.8 mmol/l, B=∑(3.3-glucose) if, glucose < 3.3 mmol/l) was calculated in order to recognize the degree of individual glycemic changes and to compare the efficacy of each treatment diverse insulin regimen. We arbitrarily defined a glucose level less than 3.3mmol/l, as a hypoglycemic event, and more than 16.7mmol/l as a hyperglycemic event. Results: Variable patterns of glycemic changes were observed among patients with the same dosage, but a different insulin regimen. The mean △Glu was 0.93±0.43 on the first day, 0.71±0.29 on the second day and 0.58±0.29 on the third. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the 3 different insulin modalities(p=0.115). Of the 10 patients, a hypoglycemic event was detected in 1 with the fingerstick method, in contrast to 9 with CGMS, with hyperglycemic events being detedted in 2 and 9, respectively. Conclusion: Continuous glucose monitoring maybe useful in providing the information necessary for optimal glycemic control in the diabetic stroke patients.
The clinical utilization of radiation therapy in Korea between 2009 and 2013
Jin-Kyu Kang,Mi-Sook Kim,Won-Il Jang,Young Seok Seo,Hee Jin Kim,Chul Koo Cho,Hyung Jun Yoo,Eun Kyung Paik,Yu Jin Cha,Hyun Jin Song 대한방사선종양학회 2016 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.34 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the clinical utilization of radiation therapy (RT) in Korea between 2009 and 2013. Materials and Methods: We analyzed open claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The subjects were patients who had diagnostic codes C00-C97 or D00-D48 according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, with procedure codes indicating RT treatment. Results: The total number of patients who received RT in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 were 45,571, 49,593, 54,671, 59,172, and 61,485, respectively. Among them, the total numbers of male and female patients were 20,780/24,791 in 2009, 22,711/26,882 in 2010, 24,872/29,799 in 2011, 27,101/32,071 in 2012, and 27,941/33,544 in 2013. The five cancers that were most frequently treated with RT between 2009 and 2012 were breast, lung, colorectal, liver, and uterine cervical cancers. However, the fifth most common cancer treated with RT that replaced uterine cervical cancer in 2013 was prostate cancer. The three leading types of cancer among the male patients were lung, colorectal, and liver cancers, whereas in female patients, they were breast, uterine cervical, and lung cancers. The type of cancer most commonly treated by RT was cancer of the central nervous system in patients aged 20 years or less, breast cancer in patients aged 30–50 years, and lung cancer in patients aged 60 years or more. Conclusion: Data from this study provided the clinical utilization of RT in Korea between 2009 and 2013.
서울지역 생활환경주변의 공기 중 석면분포 특성에 관한 연구
이진효(Jin Hyo Lee),이수현(Su Hyun Lee),김지희(Ji Hui Kim),오석률(Seok Ryul Oh),신진호(Jin Ho Shin),엄석원(Seo Kwon Eom),채영주(Young Zoo Chae),이진숙(Jin Sook Lee),구자용(Ja Yong Koo) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.9
본 연구에서는 서울지역 생활환경주변의 공기 중 석면농도 실태를 조사하기 위해서 PCM과 TEM을 이용하여 분기별로 지하철역사 13개소, 서울지역 대기측정소 4개소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역 1개소, 하천 6개소의 석재 주변, 주요 서울시내 터널 4개소 등에서 공기 중 석면농도를 측정하였다. 또한 일반대기 중 석면농도와 대표적 기후인자인 온도와의 상관성을 살펴보았으며, 기존 측정지점 중 비교적 많은 시민들이 이용하거나 환승이 되는 지하철역사 2개소와 대표적 대기측정소 2개소를 측정대상으로 시간대별 석면농도 변화추이를 파악하였다. PCM 분석결과, 전체 223개 시료 중 111개 시료에서(50%) 검출한계(7 fiber/mm2) 이하로 나타났으며, 이 중 최대값은 0.0130 f/cc로 나타나는 등 일부시료에서 관리기준을 초과하였지만 TEM법을 이용한 추가분석 결과, 모두 불검출로 나타났다. 또한 TEM 분석결과, 124개 모든 시료에서 석면이 검출되지 않았다. 지하철역사, 서울지역 대기측정소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역, 하천 석재 주변, 터널에서의 평균농도는 각각 0.0041±0.0027 f/cc, 0.0015±0.0011 f/cc, 0.0024±0.0012 f/cc, 0.0016±0.0020 f/cc로 모두 실내공기질 관리기준 0.01 f/cc을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 일반대기 중 석면농도와 온도와의 관계를 조사한 결과, 석면농도는 상대적으로 온도가 높은 시기에 높게 나타나는 등온도와의 상관성(r = 0.660)이 어느 정도 유의함을 확인할 수 있었다. 지하철역사와 대기측정소를 대상으로 한 시간대별 공기중 석면농도를 조사한 결과, 지하철역사의 경우, 상대적으로 온도가 높고, 유동인구가 많은 시간대에 석면농도가 높게 나타났으며, 반면에 대기측정소의 경우, 실외지역에서의 시료채취라는 특성 때문에 일일 중 시간대별 농도변화에서 일정한 패턴을거의 찾아볼 수 없었다. This study is purposed to evaluate the airborne asbestos concentrations in life environment surroundings in Seoul. In study, we investigated airborne asbestos concentrations in thirteen subway stations, four monitoring networks and each vicinity roadside, six stream surroundings, four tunnels quarterly and we also investigated relationship between the airborne asbestos concentrations and ambient temperature in monitoring networks and time-based airborne asbestos concentration variability for two typical monitoring networks, two subway stations transferred and used by lots of people through Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM for 4 objects of study were less than the detection limit (7 fiber/mm2) in 111 (50%) out of 223 samples. The highest concentration was 0.0130 f/cc. But additional TEM analysis result for samples exceeding the guideline value for indoor air quality (0.01 f/cc) proposed by the Ministry of Environment (Korea), no asbestos was detected. Similarly TEM analysis result for 124 samples, no asbestos was detected. The average airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM in subway stations, monitoring networks, streams and tunnels were 0.0041±0.0027 f/cc, 0.0015± 0.0011 f/cc, 0.0024±0.0012 f/cc and 0.0016±0.0020 f/cc. All objects of study were satisfied with the guideline value for indoor air quality. The relationship between the airborne asbestos concentrations and ambient temperature in monitoring networks was generally positive correlation (r = 0.660). The higher ambient temperature was and the more transient population was, the airborne asbestos concentrations by time for two subway stations were increased. While the airborne asbestos concentrations for two monitoring networks showed no variation pattern according to time.
A Comprehensive In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of Red Ginseng
Seong, Sook Jin,Kang, Woo Youl,Heo, Jae-Kyung,Jo, Jungjae,Choi, Won Gu,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon,Lee, Sangkyu,Choi, Min-Koo,Han, Yong-Hae,Lee, Hye Suk,Ohk, Boram,Lee, Hae Won,Song, Im-Sook,Yoon, Young-Ran Elsevier 2018 Clinical therapeutics Vol.40 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <B> Purpose:</B> Red ginseng is one of the world's most popular herbal medicines; it exhibits a wide range of pharmacologic activities and is often co-ingested with other herbal and conventional medicines. This open-label, randomized, 3-period study investigated the in vivo herb–drug interaction potential for red ginseng extract with cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1.</P> <P> <B>Methods:</B> Fifteen healthy male volunteers (22-28 years; 57.1-80.8 kg) were administered a single dose of cocktail probe substrates (caffeine 100 mg, losartan 50 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, midazolam 2 mg, and pitavastatin 2 mg) and single or multiple doses of red ginseng extract for 15 days.</P> <P> <B>Findings:</B> The pharmacokinetic profiles of the probe substrates and metabolites after single- or multiple-dose administration of red ginseng extracts were comparable to the corresponding profiles of the control group. The geometric mean ratio of AUC<SUB>0–t</SUB> and 90% CIs for the probe substrate drugs between the control and multiple doses of red ginseng for 15 days were within 0.8 to 1.25 (CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and OATP1B1 probe substrates) or slightly higher (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 probe substrates). Additional assessments of the in vitro drug interaction potential of red ginseng extracts and the ginsenoside Rb1 on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters using human liver microsomes, cryopreserved human hepatocytes, and transporter-overexpressed cells were negative.</P> <P> <B>Implications:</B> Red ginseng poses minimal risks for clinically relevant CYP- or OATP-mediated drug interactions and is well tolerated. Clinical Research Information Service registry no.:</P>
Min-Koo Choi,Sojeong Jin,Ji-Hyeon Jeon,Woo Youl Kang,Sook Jin Seong,Young-Ran Yoon,Yong-Hae Han,Im-Sook Song 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: We investigated the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of various ginsenosides,including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K, after single or multiple administrations of red ginsengextract in human beings. Methods: Red ginseng extract (dried ginseng > 60%) was administered once and repeatedly for 15 days to15 healthy Korean people. After single and repeated administration of red ginsengextract, blood samplecollection, measurement of blood pressure and body temperature, and routine laboratory test wereconducted over 48-h test periods. Results: Repeated administration of high-dose red ginseng for 15 days was well tolerated and did notproduce significant changes in body temperature or blood pressure. The plasma concentrations of Rb1,Rb2, and Rc were stable and showed similar area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)values after 15 days of repeated administration. Their AUC values after repeated administration of redginseng extract for 15 days accumulated 4.5- to 6.7-fold compared with single-dose AUC. However, theplasma concentrations of Rd and compound K showed large interindividual variations but correlatedwell between AUC of Rd and compound K. Compound K did not accumulate after 15 days of repeatedadministration of red ginseng extract. Conclusion: A good correlation between the AUC values of Rd and compound K might be the resultof intestinal biotransformation of Rb1, Rb2, and Rc to Rd and subsequently to compound K, ratherthan the intestinal permeability of these ginsenosides. A strategy to increase biotransformation orreduce metabolic intersubject variability may increase the plasma concentrations of Rd and compoundK.