대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(Ⅱ) : 대기질 변수의 시간별 변동을 중심으로 Hourly variations of air quality parameters

백성옥,최진수,황승만 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

요약문본 연구에서는 과거 7년간의 실측자료를 이용하여 대구지역 주요 대기오염물질에 대 한 대기오염도 분석 및 광화학스모그 기간중의 대기질 평가는 물론 대기오염도 해석에 지배 적인 영향을 미치는 기상자료를 이용하여 대구지역의 시정감쇄 요인분석 및 풍향, 풍속과 대기안정도를 분석하였다. 주요 대기오염물질의 일주 시간대별 농도변화는 아황산가스와 분 진의 경우 오전 8~10시경과 오후 4시경에 각각 최고, 최저농도를 나타내였고 이산화질소는 오전·오후의 교통량증가와 기상인자의 복합적인 영향으로 두차례의 최고농도를 나타냈다. 일산화탄소는 시간 환경기준치에 크게 못미치는 수준으로 동절기와 하절기의 시간별 농도변 화 양상이 서로 상이하게 나타났으며 오존은 일사량이 증가하기 시작하는 오전 10시경으로 나타났다. 또한 대구지역 오존농도의 발생빈도는 최근(1993~1994)으로 올수록 증가하는 경향 을 보였으며 오존농도와 그 영향인자와의 상관성 역시 일사량과 이산화질소가 가장 중요변 수임이 증명되었다. 최근 6년간의 기상자료를 분석한 결과 시정거리는 가을철이 월편균 17~20km 정도로 가장 좋았으며 풍향, 풍속 및 대기안정도는 서북서풍이 연중 14.0%, 2m/sec 이하의 저풍속이 전체의 36.5%, 중립조건인 D등급이 전체의 48.1%로 각각 나타나 대구지역이 대기오염의 확산에 불리한 조건임을 시사하고 있다.AbstractWith empirical data obtained for last 7 years, this study was conducted to analyze major pollutants and to evaluate the air quality of Taegu during the period of photochemical smog. In addition to this, causes of visibility reduction in Taegu, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability were also analyzed. In terms of the variation of concentration for each pollutant by time during daytime, the highest concentration of SOz and partic ulates was measured at around 8~10 o'clock, and the lowest concentration of those pollutants was found at approximately 15~16 o'clock.In the case of NO;, due to the traffic and complex atmospheric conditions, the highest concentration was measured twice a day. The concentration of CO was much less than the atmospheric standard. The difference in the variation of CO concentration with respect to time was found between summer and winter. Ozone concentration increased with surging amount of insolation and the highest level of ozone was presented at between 15 and 16 o'clock with no respect to season. High concentration of ozone was observed much more requently in last 2 years (1993~1994) and it is verified that the insolation and NOz were main sources to be highly related to ozone concentration. As the result of investigation of meteorological data obtained for last 7 years, the highest visibility (17~20 km) was found in autumn as the monthly average value. As conclusion, the analyzed data-base indicated that it is difficult to spread air pollutants out of metropolitan Taegu city because of low wind speed (lower than 2 m/s), wind direction (Northwest), and atmospheric stability (D).

확산-통계 혼합모델을 이용한 대구지역 SO₂농도 예측

백성옥,최진수 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1994 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.2

An urban air quality model, the statistical-deterministic hybrid model, has been successfully applied to sulfur dioxide(SO₂) data measured in the city of Taegu. The assumptions based on the steps in developing the hybrid model are that the frequency of SO₂ data can be reliably represented by two-parameter lognormal distribution and a simple deterministic relationship between percentiles of pollutant concentration and the inverse of wind speed exist for this urban area. Using the parameters estimated from the statistical model and long-term average concentration of SO₂ from the deterministic model(TCM2), geometric mean and maximum concentration of SO₂ were estimated for the two seasons in Taegu area during 1990, 1996 and 2001 respectively. Number of days exceeding the short-term(daily) ambient air standard for SO₂, corresponding to the 98~99 percentile positions on the expecting lognormal frequency density distribution curve, were estimated to be 1~5 days for the heating season in Taegu city.

대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(I) : 지역별 및 계절별 농도변동을 중심으로 Locational and Seasonal variations

백성옥,최진수,황승만,김광은 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 대구지방환경관리청과 유관기관 등에서 과거 7년간(1988~1994년) 측정한 대기질 관련자료중 아황산가스, 분진, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 오존을 대상으로 통계분석하여 각기 배출강도가 다른 지역별 농도분포 특성을 평가하였고 대구지역의 전반적인 대기질 변화추이를 파악하였다. 그 결과 각 지점별 아황산가스의 농도는 전형적인 동고하저형을 나타내었으며, 도시가스공급과 황함량규제등 연료변환 정책의 효과로 인해 점차적으로 감소하고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 부유분진은 결측치가 많아 장기적인 농도변화추이를 판단하기는 어려웠으나 아황산가스와 같이 큰 계절적인 변동은 보이지 않았다. 질소산화물의 전반적인 농도분포는 장기 환경기준치 50ppb를 초과하지 않는 수준이었으나 최근엔 이동배출원의 영향이 가중되어 그 농도가 꾸준히 증가하는 추세인 반면 동고하저형의 계절적인 변동을 나타내는 일산화탄소는 가정용 무연탄 사용량의 감소로 대기중 일산화탄소의 농도는 점점 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 오존은 전반적으로 일사량이 많은 하절기에 농도가 높았고 동절기에는 농도가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 주요 대기오염물질의 장·단기 기준달성도를 비교분석한 결과 대구지역의 대기오염물질중 아황산가스의 고농도 발생빈도는 공업지역에 집중되어 있었으며 질소산화물과 일산화탄소는 아직은 장·단기 환경기준을 초과하지 않는 수준으로 나타났고, 분진과 오존의 경우는 공업지역 뿐만 아니라 전지역에서 그 발생빈도가 유사하게 나타났다. In this study, characteristics and distributional patterns of the concentrations of air pollutants in Taegu area were evaluated using a data-base established from the ambient air quality monitoring stations for the period of 1989 to 1994. The result of this study demonstrated that in each sampling site, the SO_2 concentrations were much higher in winter than those in summer. However, a decreasing tendency was clearly shown in the annual variation of SO_2 concentrations, largely due to the use of LPG instead of anthracite coal for local heating systems and to the fuel policy of using lower sulfur content fuel in industrial sectors. Unlike SO_2, there was no distinct seasonal variation in the concentrations of suspended particulate matter. Concentrations of NO_x were found to be generally lower than the long term ambient air quality standard (50 ppb). The NO_x concentration has been gradually increased, reflecting the rapidly increased number of vehicles In this area, while the CO levels In ambient air were declind because of the reduced use of coal for domestic purposes. The Ozone concentrations in Taegu area exhibited that there has been already photochemical smog phenomena during the summer season when the insolation is strong.

대구지역 실내 외 공기중 주요 대기오염물질의 농도조사에 관한 연구

최진수,백성옥,김영민,박상곤,정점희,황승만 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

최근 현대인의 실내거주시간이 일상생활시간의 80% 이상을 차지할 정도로 크게 증가하면서 보건·위생학적 측면에서 실내공기질은 매우 중요한 관심사로 등장하게 되었다. 본 연구는 1994년 8월의 여름철과 1994년 12월 ∼1995년 1월의 겨울철에 대구를 중심으로 가정집, 사무실, 식당과 같은 3가지 유형의 일반주거환경 중 실내·외 공기를 대상으로 실행되었다. 측정항목으로는 RSP, CO, CO₂, NO₂등의 주요 기준성 오염물질과 Bioaerosol을 선정하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 각 성분대상물질의 실내·외 농도는 실내거주환경 및 여름과 겨울, 두 계절에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 실내·외 농도비교에서 RSP, CO, CO₂의 실내농도는 대부분의 지역에서 실외에 비하여 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 각 실내거주환경에 따른 실내·외의 농도는 가정, 사무실에 비하여 식당에서 상대적으로 높은 농도를 나타냈으며 실내·외 농도비 또한 식당에서 상대적으로 큰 값을 나타냈다. 여름과 겨울의 두 계절에 따른 RSP, CO, CO₂의 실내·외 농도는 여름철에 비하여 겨울철에 더욱 높은 농도를 나타냈으나 Bioaerosol의 실내·외 colony/plate는 여름철에 더욱 높은 수치를 나타냈다. The study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of indoor air pollutants such as respirable suspended particulate (RSP), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and bioaerosol at homes, offices and restaurants in Taegu city. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of these pollutants were observed simultaneously from August 1994 for summer to January 1995 for winter. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Both in summer and in winter, the indoor concentrations of RSP, CO, and CO₂; were higher than the outdoor concentrations, the indoor concentrations of major air pollutants (RSP, CO, CO₂, NO₂) in restaurants were higher than those in homes and offices. 2. The indoor and outdoor concentrations of RSP, CO, and CO₂; in winter were significantly higher than those in summer, on the other hand. The CFU/plate of bioaerosol in winter was lower than that in summer. These results suggested that indoor levels of air pollutants were affected by various indoor characteristics such as smoking, cooking, ventilation rate, winter heating systems, and behavioral activity of occupants.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

태권도 우수선수들의 정신력 특성

최상진,조옥성,백우석,이갑철,고봉수 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental toughness of Taekwondo players and to suggest way of performance enhancement using Loehr's Psychological Performance Inventory. Subjects were 188 Taekwondo elite players. Each factor's mean and standard deviation of Mental Toughness were calculated, and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses of the difference of mean. The results are as follow;: 1. On the level of self-confidence, it shows that the man players is higher than the woman players (school career F=5.846, P<.05: sex distinction F=8.876, P<.01). 2. On the level of attention control, it shows that the woman players is higher than the man players (school career F=4.483, P<.05: sex distinction F=9.814, P<.01). 3. On the level of visual and imagery control, it shows that the man players is higher than the woman players (school career F=7.790, P<.01: sex distinction F=5.000. P<.05). 4. On the level of arousal control, motivation, positive energy and attitude control, it was not significant difference according to the sexual and school career.

급성 충수염으로 진단된 예측 불가 염증성 맹장 종물에 대한 외과적 고찰

민경진,백무준,채만규,김성용,이문수,김창호,김재준,송옥평 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: An unexpected inflammatory cecal mass of uncertain etiology was encountered during surgery for presumed appendicitis. In this case, the surgeon couldn't exclude differential diagnosis which were severe appendicitis involving the cecal region, diverticular disease, other inflammatory bowel diseases, and neoplasm. Therefore, this finding leads to a therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon, when making surgical decisions during the operation. The aim of this study was to resolve this dilemma, a retrospective review was undertaken in this study. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to review the management of this problem at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital for eight and half years from July 1991 to December 1999. A review of the emergency operation records identified 50 patients who had undergone ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy for an inflammatory ileocecal mass of uncertain etiology when operated on for probable appendicitis. Results: Altogether, 39 patients underwent ileocecal resection, and 11 patients underwent right hemicolectomy. The final pathologic diagnosis was appendiceal abscess in 32 patients (63%), cecal diverticulitis in 7 patients (14%), neoplasm in 6 patients (12%), appendiceal phlegmon in 3 patients (6%), ileal tuberculosis in 1 patient (2%) and Anisakiasis in another patient (2%). The neoplasm of the 6 neoplasm patients was ascending colon cancer for 4 patients and cecal cancer for 2 patients. There was no mortality in this group. Conclusion: Although most inflammatory cecal masses are caused by benign disease, all cases in which the intraoperative diagnosis is unclear, any pathologic diagnosis including neoplasm cannot be ruled out. So this suggest ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy to remove a possible underlying malignancy, and to decrease morbidity and mortality.

태권도 체육관 및 수련생 특성에 따른 지도자 만족도 분석

최상진,백우석,조옥성 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study is aims to suggest the basic data providing various services for the trainees in Taekwondo training centers. The subject of this study were the training centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. And this study used the questionnaires used by Kim Seon-Hwa(2000), Kim O-Seong(2001), Kim Eun-Cheol(2001) and I added several qustions that were considered to be necessary for this study. In addition, I analyzed the data from 904 trainees randomly selected and computerized the results to fit for the purpose of this study using Windows SPSS/PC+ 10.0 Version. This study concluded as follows. 1) The leaders' satisfaction by area were a taekwondo training center was located, was significant difference in p<0.001. 2) The leaders' satisfaction by shopping mall were a taekwondo training center was located, was significant difference in p<0.01. 3) The leaders' satisfaction by the numbers of trainers was significant difference in p<0.001. 4) The leaders' satisfaction by sex distinction was significant difference in p<0.01. 5) The leaders' satisfaction by the grade of trainers was not significant difference. 6) The leaders' satisfaction by level of trainers was significant difference in p<0.01.

연료정책에 따른 대기오염 개선효과 분석에 관한 연구 : 대구지역을 중심으로

김차영,백성옥,박영규,최진수,장윤영 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.2

청정연료와 저유황유의 공급확대에 따른 대구지역의 대기오염 개선효과를 분석하기 위하여 향후 1996, 2001년 대구지역의 유종별, 소비부문별 소비량을 추정하고 이에 따른 아황산가스, 분진, 질소산화물 및 일산화탄소에 대한 배출량을 각각 산정하였다. 특히 향후 대구지역 대기중 아황산가스농도에 대하여 개정된 환경기준치의 달성가능성 여부를 연간 총배출량측면에서 검토한 결과 2001년의 아황산가스 배출량이 추정된 허용배출량 이하로 떨어질 것으로 나타나 저황유의 공급과 청정연료 사용의무화정책을 현재 계획대로 추진할 경우 아황산가스 농도는 대체로 환경기준을 충분히 달성할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. A study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of air quality in Taegu area in the years of 1996 and 2001 with the extended supply of cleaner fuels such as town gas and low sulfur fuel oil. The emission quantities of the air pollutants from the combustion of various fuel were estimated with respect to the sections of end-use in this area. With the implementation of the planned fuel policy to this area, the level of sulfur dioxide in the ambient air will satisfy the revised ambient air quality standard based on the yearly total quantity of the sulfur dioxide emission. If the fuel policy is implemented as scheduled, the attainability of the ambient air quality standard of sulfur dioxide will be possible as the total quantity of sulfur dioxide emission will be well below of that of the predicted value obtained under current fuel policy.

직장암 수술 후 국소재발과 예후

김태윤,백무준,김성용,신응진,박내경,이문수,김창호,송옥평 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Locally recurrent rectal cancer is a difficult clinical problem. Local recurrence following treatment for rectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The reported range of local recurrence rates following surgical treatment for rectal cancer has varied from 4% to 50%. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 142 rectal cancer patients from January 1991 to December 1999. Analysis of patients factors included age, gender, type of surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Tumors were assessed for level, stage, and grade. Local recurrence and distant metastases were also documented. Variables influencing local recurrence in this group were identified and disease-free survival is determined. Of the 142 patients(74 males, 68 females; mean age 62.6 years), 137 consecutive patients operated on for rectal cancer and followed up to December 2000 (range 23-118months) were analyzed. Local recurrence rate was 18.3%. Age and sex of patients, type of surgery, location of tumor in the rectum, size, morphology and grading of the tumor were all unrelated to the event under investigation. At Cox regression, the Dukes stage and the postoperative radiotherapy were the only independent prognostic factors for local recurrence, and Dukes stage (Hazard ratio=2.89, p<0.001) and local recurrence (Hazard ratio=3.31, p<0.01) were the only independent factors associated with improved survival.