Uzbekistan 공화국의 농업현황

곽재균,조은기,김행훈,윤문섭,석순종,김창영 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

1. Uzbekistan은 전통적인 농업국가로서 농업이 경제의 축이며 농촌인구가 60%,농업부문 종사자가 전 산업에서 차지하는 비율이 44%이고 농업생산이 GNP에서 차지하는 비중이 33%로서 비교적 높은 편이다. 2. 이 나라의 농업은 강우량이 적고 건조한 기후조건 때문에 주로 관개에 의존하고 있으며 안공수로와 저수지의 건설로 관개가능 면적은 430만㏊ 이고 충분한 수량만 확보된다면 700만㏊ 까지 경작이 가능하다. 농업생산은 목화, 밀, 벼, 포도, 채소, 멜론재배가 주종을 이루고 있으며 특히 일조시수가 3,000시간으로 매우 길고 일사량도 많아 목화, 고품질의 포도와 멜론 생산이 유명하다. 3. 축산업도 농업에서 중요한 부문으로 주로 유목에 의존하고 있으며 염소, 고기소, 젖소, 면양이 주된 가축이고 양잠업도 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 4. Uzbekistan은 맥류, 목화, 포도, 사과, 양파 등의 원산지 일 뿐만 아니라 박과 작물의 2차원산지로서 유전적 다양성이 풍부하고 특히 멜론은 많은 재래종 품종들이 분화되어 재배되고 있다. 5. Uzbekistan는 1995년 한·우즈벡 농업기술협력 가능성 조사 이후 1996년부터 양국간 유전자원 공동연구가 활발히 추진되고 있다 금후 인근 중앙아시아 각국과의 유전자원 또는 농업관련 공동연구를 수행함에 있어 우즈베키스탄을 전진기지로 활용하는 방안이 적극 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the central part of the middle Asia. The area of the Republic makes up 447.4 thousands ㎢ and about 60% of the country is semi-desert or desert with only 4.5 million hectares of the area cropped. The average temperature in July on the plains' territory varies from 26℃ in the North to 30℃ in the South, and the average temperature in January falls to as low as 0℃ in the South and to -8℃ in the North. Precipitation primarily occurs during the winter-spring period. Annual precipitation amounts to 80-200 ㎜ on the plains, 300-400 ㎜ in the foothills area and 600-800 ㎜ on the eastern and south-eastern slopes of the mountain ridges. Natural pastures occupy 50.1% of the total area of Uzbekistan, and 9.7%(4.3 Min. ha) of irrigated lands. Irrigated land is mainly cultivated for cotton, spiked cereals, rice and potato. Cotton plants occupy 36.5% of the cultivated areas and grain crops 39.5%. Given the abundance of solar radiation and heat, the major factor limiting the use of agroclimatic and land resources is a deficit of water. Agriculture in Uzbekistan was and still is the largest sector in Uzbekistan's economy. Agriculture and it's related industries account for approximately 33% of GDP, and 55% of the hard currency revenues of the country is related to Agriculture. Approximately 60% of the population resides in rural areas, and 44% of the work force is engaged in agricultural production. Uzbekistan is the world's fifth largest cotton producer and the second largest exporter. Cotton has been center to the economy because it accounts for about 50% of the country's export earnings. At the same time, however, cotton production has depended on vast amounts of irrigation, and this has had a possibly significant irreversible negative impact on the Aral Sea. The development strategy in the agricultural sector in the country is targeted at ensuring food and environmental security, while increasing the efficiency and export-potential of domestic production. According to the macroeconomic forecast, the agrarian sector will maintain its leading role in the economy (at 25% of GDP). To meet the strategic development goals by 2010, annual growth in agricultural output must be at least 5-6%.

油菜의 葯培養 硏究 Ⅰ. 基本培地 選定 및 葯의 適正 置床時期 究明

Jae Gyun Gwag(郭在均),Gun Sik Chung(鄭根植),Hyung Soo Suh(徐亨洙),Deog Sueng Lee(李德承),Bong Ho Lee(李奉鎬) 한국육종학회 1987 한국육종학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This study was conducted to confirm the effect of basal medium and to determine the adequate anther stage in anther culture of Brassica napus. Embryos were obtained only from Keller et al. medium and were detected in responding anthers after 13 days of culture and virtually completed by the day 38. The range of developmental stages varying from globular types to mature forms with developed cotyledons was observed. Microspore-derived haploids were characterized by slender flower bud and small flower size with poorly developed anther. Bud in which petal length varies from one-fourth to one-half of the length of the anther contained pollen was detected as the optimal culture stage.

Diversity Capturing Comparison by Combinations among Clustering Methods, Allocation Strategies, and Sampling Strategies in Establishment Core-Sets of Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Germplasm Preserved in NAC Genebank

Jae-Gyun Gwag,Se-Jong Oh,Ho-Cheol Ko,Kyung-Ho Ma,Gyu-Taek Cho,Gi-An Lee,Sok-Young Lee,Young-Jin Park 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

1. 세계 26개국에서 도입된 녹두 유전자원 705점에 대하여16개의 형태적 형질 특성을 이용하여 각각 두 가지의 군집방법, 핵심집단 자원수 결정방법 및 표본추출 방법을 조합하여 총8개의 핵심집단(SUNPR, SUNPPr, UNPR, UNPPr, SUNLR, SUNLPr, UNLR, UNLPr)을 작성하여 원수집단과 비교한바 8개핵심집단 모두 원수집단과는 분산과 평균치에서 차이가 없었다. 2. Nei의 다양성지수는 8개 핵심집단 모두 원수집단 보다높았고, 특히 UNLPr이 가장 높았으며, UNPR은 다른 핵심집단에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 지수를 보였다. 3. 원수집단과 핵심집단간 자원분포의 동질성을 파악하기 위하여 카이자승 검증을 한 결과 12개 양적형질과 1개의 질적형질(종피색)은 모든 핵심집단이 동질분포를 보였으나 3개의질적 형질 (배축색, 종피광택, 생육습성)은 핵심집단에 따라서동질분포를 하는 것과 그렇지 않은 것이 있었으며, 8개 핵심집단 중 UNPPr은 동질성이 가장 높았다. 평균차율(MD%)과일치율(CR%)은 8개 핵심집단 모두 유의한 수준을 보였다. 4. 8개의 모든 핵심집단이 원수집단과 평균치에서 차이가 없고, 높은 다양성을 과 동질한 분포를 보이며, 평균차율(MD%)과 일치율(CR%)이 유의한 수준을 보여 원수집단의 다양성을잘 나타내는 것으로 해석되었다. 5. 핵심수집단 크기(10%와 15%)에 따른 다양성은 유의한차이가 없었으며, 8개의 핵심집단 중 평균치, 동질분포, 일치율 및 도복내성을 고려할 때 UNPPr이 가장 좋은 핵심집단으로 사료되었다. A core collection is a subset chosen to represent the diversity of a collection with a minimum of redundancies and is established to improve the conservation and use of genetic resources. In this study, eight core subsets were established by combinations among two clustering methods (SUN, UN), two allocation strategies (P, L), and two sampling strategies (R, Pr) using morphological traits and were compared with entire collection by variance, means, Nei's diversity index, goodness of fit, the mean difference percentage (MD%), the variance difference percentage (VD%), coincidence rate (CR%), and the variable rate (VR%) of traits. The variances between entire and eight core subsets was homogeneous for all the traits of all core subsets by Levene's test both 10% and 15% sample sizes and the means between entire and 8 core subsets were found to be non-significant by Newman-Keuls test for all traits of all core subsets both 10% and 15% sample sizes. The average Nei's diversity index of the eight core subsets showed higher than the entire collection. UPGMA NTSYS Logarithmic Pragmatic (UNLPr) showed the highest average Nei's diversity index, and Logarithmic (L) allocation strategy showed higher average diversity index than Proportional (P) strategy in both 10% and 15% sample size. Frequency distribution between the entire collection and the eight core subsets using chi square test showed homogeneous distribution for 13 traits of 16 traits. The proportional allocation strategy showed relatively more homogeneous distribution than the logarithmic allocation strategy for the three qualitative traits; hypocotyl color (HC), luster on seed surface (LS), and growth habit (GH). All the core subsets had significant values of MD% and CR%. Although decrease of VD% and increase of CR% according to sample size increase from 10% to 15%, there was no significant difference between 10% and 15% sample size. Considering all parameters such as means, homogeneous distribution, VD%, CR%, average lodging tolerance, and bruchid resistance, UNPPr is the best among eight core subsets. Present result suggested that with regardless of clustering methods, if group size can be adjusted according to group diversity and utility, better core subset will be established so that original purposes of effective utilization and enhancement of the genetic diversity will be increased.

Molecular Diversity Assessment and Population Structure Analysis in a RDA Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Collection Using Microsatellite Markers

Jae Gyun Gwag,Kyung Ho Ma,Gi An Lee,Jong Wook Chung,Soon Jae Kwon,Yong Jin Park,Tae San Kim,Suk Ha Lee 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.40 No.1

Characterization of new microsatellite markers in mung bean, <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.)

GWAG, JAE-GYUN,CHUNG, JONG-WOOK,CHUNG, HUN-KI,LEE, JEONG-HEUI,MA, KYUNG-HO,DIXIT, ANUPAM,PARK, YONG-JIN,CHO, EUN-GI,KIM, TAE-SAN,LEE, SUK-HA BLACKWELL 2006 MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES Vol.6 No.4

<P>Abstract</P><P>The present work reports the isolation and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellites in mung bean (<I>Vigna radiata</I> L.). Of 93 designed primer pairs, seven were found to amplify polymorphic microsatellite loci, which were then characterized using 34 mung bean accessions. The number of alleles ranged from two to five alleles per locus with an average of three alleles. Observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0 to 0.088 and from 0.275 to 0.683, respectively. All seven loci showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, whereas only one pairwise combination (GBssr-MB77 and GBssr-MB91) exhibited significant departure from linkage disequilibrium. These newly developed markers are currently being utilized for diversity assessment within the mung bean germplasm collection of the Korean Gene Bank.</P>

Evaluation of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy method for quantification of protein and amylase content of un-hulled and brown rice germplasm

Jae Gyun Gwag,Sok Young Lee,Jung Ro Lee,Tae San Kim,Yang Hee Cho,Jeong Soon Kim,Sang Nag Ahan 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.40 No.1

Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in mungbean

Gwag, Jae-Gyun,Dixit, Anupam,Park, Yong-Jin,Ma, Kyung-Ho,Kwon, Soon-Jae,Cho, Gyu-Taek,Lee, Gi-An,Lee, Sok-Young,Kang, Hee-Kyoung,Lee, Suk-Ha Springer-Verlag 2010 Genes & Genomics Vol.32 No.4

연구논문 : 사회과학 ; 키르기즈스탄의 농업현황 및 금후 농업기술 협력방안

곽재균 ( Jae Gyun Gwag ),고호철 ( Ho Cheol Ko ),강만정 ( Man Jung Kang ),허은숙 ( On Sook Hur ),노나영 ( Na Young Ro ),이주희 ( Ju Hee Rhee ),조규택 ( Gyu Taek Cho ),오세종 ( Se Jong Oh ),백형진 ( Hyung Jin Baek ),김연규 ( Yeon Gy 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

1. 키르기즈스탄은 중앙아시아의 동쪽에 동서로 길게 위치한 국가로서 국토의 약 90%가 해발 1,500 m 이상의 산악지대, 약 41%는 해발고도 3,000미터 이상의 고산지대, 평균해발은 2,750 m이며, 국토면적의 약 4%가 만년설과 빙하로 덮여 있다. 2. 키르기즈스탄은 전통적인 농업국가로서 농업이 경제의 축이며 농촌인구가 65%, 농업부문 종사자가 전 산업에서 차지하는 비율이 36%이고, 농업생산이 국가전체 GDP 에서 차지하는 비중이 20% 이상으로서 비교적 높은 편이다. 3. 이 나라의 농업은 강우량이 적고 건조한 기후조건 때문에 주로 관개에 의존하고 있으며, 관개재배 면적은 약 100만 ha이고, 주요 농작물은 밀, 사료용 호박, 보리, 감자, 옥수수, 사과이다. 특히 큰 일교차와 긴 일조시수를 가진 해발 1,700m의 이 시쿨 지역에서 생산되는 사과는 품질이 좋기로 유명하다. 4. 축산업이 농업전체 생산액에서 차지하는 비율이 61%를 넘어설 정도로 중요한데 주로 유목에 의존하고 있으며 유우, 육우, 면양이 주된 가축이고 양봉도 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 5. 키르기즈스탄은 맥류, 사과, 양파 등의 원산지일 뿐만 아니라 고산식물종의 다양성이 풍부하고, 특히 사과의 야생종이 풍부하게 자생하고 있으며, 비타민 나무 등 많은 약용식물 들도 산야에 자생하고 있다. 6. 키르기즈스탄과는 2005년부터 4년 동안 유전자원 공동수집이 추진되었으나, 정부차원에서 농업기술협력 사업은 거의 추진되고 있지 않다. 효율적인 협력 사업을 위해서는 상호간의 국익에 도움이 될 수 있는 과제를 발굴하여 우선순위를 정하고 이에 따라 선택과 집중을 하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 키르기즈스탄은 농업유전자원 저장시설이 없고 관련분야에 대한 관심도 없으므로 금후 키르기즈스탄과는 농업유전자원에 대한 교육과 저장시설의 건설을 통하여 협력관계를 구축하면서 상호 도움이 되는 방안이 적극 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. The Kirgyz Republic is situated in the north-east of Central Asia and shares borders with China to the east, Tajikistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the North. The area of the Republic makes up 199.9 thousands km2 and just over 90 percent of the territory is over 1,500 meters above sea level and 41 percent is over 3,000 meters above sea level. The long term average temperature in July varies from 26.1oC in Jalal-Abad(altitude 763 m) to 17.3oC in Naryn(altitude 2,039 m), and the average temperature in January falls to as low as -2.7oC in Jalal-Abad and to -16.7oC in Naryn. Precipitation primarily occurs during the autumn-spring period. For five years average precipitation amounts to 327mm in Talas and 517mm in Jalal-Abad. The climate in Kyrgyzstan is continental with hot summers and cold winters, during which frost occurs all over the country. The frost-free period is 185 days per year in the Chu valley, 120-140 days per year in the Naryn valley and 240 days per year in the Fergana valley. Double cropping is therefore limited to vegetables. Natural pastures occupy 46.3% of the total area of Kirgyzstan, arable land occupy 6.8% (1,352 thousands ha), and 73.8% (997.5 thousands ha) of arable land is irrigated lands. Irrigated land is mainly cultivated for wheat, fodder crops and rice, Wheat occupy 31.6% of the cultivated areas, pumpkins for fodder 21.1% and barley 10.3%, Given the abundance of solar radiation and heat, the major factor limiting the use of agroclimatic and land resources is a deficit of water, fertilizer and machinery. Agriculture in Kirgyzstan was and still is the largest sector in Kirgyzstan`s economy, Agriculture account for approximately 20.2% of GDP in 2011, and approximately 65% of the population resides in rural areas, and 36.3% of the work force is engaged in agricultural production. Though traditionally agricultural country, Kirgyzstan imports a lot of agricultural products include wheat, pork meat, chicken meat and apples. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity, Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in december 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. But still agricultural productivity is very low because of deficit of agricultural infrastructure as well as water and fertilizer. Important thing for expanding agricultural cooperation with Kirgyzstan is establishing the investment strategy considering their demands as well as mutual profit.

배추속 식물의 증식시 파리의 꽃가루 수분 효과

곽재균(Jae-Gyun Gwag),김창영(Chang-Yeung Kim),이석영(Sok-Young Lee),여윤수(Yun-Su Yeo),최유미(Yu-Mi Choi),조규택(Kyu-Teak Cho),이호선(Ho-Sun Lee),이영이(Young-Yi Lee),노나영(Na Young Ro),고호철(Ho-Cheol Ko) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

Development of EST SSR-Markers to study genetic diversity in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)

Jae Young Song,Yu-Mi Choi,Su Kyeung Lee,Gi-An Lee,Jae-Gyun Gwag,Myung-Chul Lee 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is the second most widely cultivated species of millet, especially in East Asia and is a tractable experimental model crop for studying functional genomics of millets. However, insufficient researches had been conducted about the foxtail millet germplasm and is significantly impeding its genetic improvement. We attempted to develop EST-derived-SSR (eSSR) markers and utilize them in genetic comparison of germplasm and transferability. A total of 66,027 foxtail millet EST sequences and 42,754 genomic sequence were deduced transcriptom. Approximately 42,000 single tone contigs were generated using DNAstar 5.0 software for redundancy minimization. Nearly 33% of the 14,012 unigenes contained SSRs, but primers were designed for a total of 314 microsatellites concentrating with more than 24 bp of repeats. A total of 314 primers were successfully designed with more than 24 bp of repeats. From these microsatellites, 56 primer pairs were showed polymorphism with over than 15 bp differences among 96 accessions collected from different countries. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.020 to 0.700 with an average of 0.381 indicating moderate level of informativeness within these EST-SSRs markers. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study will serve as a useful source for genetic studies, such as genetic variability, transferability, association mapping, and molecular breeding