性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究 Ⅰ : 體育專攻 大學生을 中心으로 Emphasised on College Men of Physical Education

金尙國,姜東洹,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,李錫元 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the characterists and change in physique and physical function by college student of physical education major(287males and 40 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results were as following; 1) The characteristics of physique and physical function by sex and age. ① The male group of 18yrs old showed higher values in Height, Weight, Upper Limb Length, Strength, Flexibility, and Vital Capacity than any other groups, but female group showed lower values in Height, Weight, Chest Girth, Lower Limb Length, Thigh, Girth, Calf Girth and all of the Physical function. ② The male group of 19yrs old showed high values in power and Agility, then female group showed in Strength and Flexibility. ③ The male group of 20yrs old showed the lower values in Weight, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girh.Calf Girth, Vital Capacity, and female group are very lowed in Upper Arm Lenght, Fore Arm Length, Skin Fold Thickness and 5 minute Run. ④ The male group of 23yrs old showed the high values in Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth and Balance, and then female group higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Waist Girth, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Power, Shuttle Run, Balance and vital capacity than any other age Groups. ⑤ In male group, Chest Girth, and Blood Pressure were significantly related, and Side Step and Trunk Extension were nagatively related to the age at 0.1% level, and then in female group, Sargent Jump, Standing Long Jump and Vital Capacity were showed a significantly related at 0.5% level. 2) The difference of physique and physical function between male and female by age. ① Everage difference in whole physique items except skinfold thickness was 9.8%, and that 21.1% in all of physical function except Trunk Flextion between male and female group subjects. ② About the ages, the 18yrs old male group showed the 22.8% higher values of 26 items, but 22yrs old male group were about 12.2% in 23 items, thus it is very lower than any other groups. 3) The difference of physique and physical function between General group and physical education group in age-matched. ① In the physique male physical education groups showed about 7% higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Upper Limb Length, Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, and female group showed about 7% higher in Weight and Upper Limb Length. ② In the physical function, Trunk Flextion, 5 minute Run, and Blood Pressure(Diastolic) were about 8% high values in whole group, and female group showed about 8% higher in Standing Long Jump, Shuttle Run, and Trunk Extension. ③ In 22yrs old male and female physical education group were very dominated in physique and physical function than the other age group against the general group.

A Study on an Independent Steering & Driving Control Algorithm for 6WS/6WD Vehicles

Joo-Young Choi,Dong-Hyung Kim,Chang-Jun Kim,Young-Ryul Kim,Sang-Ho Kim5,Chang-Soo Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Skid-steered vehicles are favored for military use in off-road operations because of their high maneuverability and mobility on extreme terrains and obstacles. There is a trend towards transforming steered tracked vehicles to skid-steered wheel vehicles for high speed at the expense of reduced mobility. Skid-steered vehicles turn by generating different longitudinal forces at the tires due to the application of different torques to the wheels on the opposite side of the vehicle. Conventional vehicles, however, cannot generate an opposite driving force at each side wheel. Using an independent steering and driving system, six-wheel vehicles can show better performance than conventional vehicles. Hybrid steering is a combination of skid steering in the load velocity and the steered wheel system at high speed. This steering enhances maneuverability under low speed and stability at high speed. This paper describes a 6WS/6WD vehicle for hybrid steering in three parts: the Vehicle Model, the Control Algorithm for Hybrid Steering, and a Simulation. First, the vehicle model is an application of the TruckSim software for 6WS and 6WD. Second, the hybrid steering control algorithm describes the optimum tire force distribution method for energy savings. The last is simulation and verification.

중년여성의 체력연령에 미치는 네티워크식 운동프로그램의 효과

김형렬 위덕대학교아시아태평양연구소 2005 아태연구 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 중년의 여성들에게 조깅집단과 에어로바이크 집단 그리고 수영집단으로 구분하여 12주 동안 운동을 실시한 후 이들 운동이 건강관련 체력과 피하지방의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하여 중년여성의 비만예방 및 건강관련 체력향상에 도움을 주고자 40대의 중년여성 중 각 집단 간 20명 총 60명을 대상으로 P시 스포츠센터에서 운동을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 근력 변화에서 운동 전 후 간에는 수영집단과 에어로바이크집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났고 (p<.05), 근지구력 변화에서는 운동 전·후 간에는 조깅집단, 수영집단 그리고 에어로바이크집단에서 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 운동유형별 차이검증에서는 통계적으로 p<.001수준에서 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 유연성 변화에서는 운동 전·후 간에는 조깅집단과 수영집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났고(p<001), 심폐지구력 변화에서는 운동 전·후간 조깅집단과 수영집단(p<.001), 에어로바이크집단은(p<.01) 통계적으로 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 유연성과 심폐지구력에서 운동유형별 차이검증에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차가 나타났다(p<.001).

Simvastatin 정제의 생물학적 동등성 연구

김형기,권준택,손동렬,염윤기 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

The bioequivalence of generic simvastatin tablet(Dongsung Pharmaceutical Co.) to the simvastatin tablet(Zocor^(®), MSD Korea Co.) as a reference drug. Single dose of 20 mg simvastatin was administered to 20 healthy male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design with a washout between the two study periods. Blood samples were collected up to 12 hours and plasma concentration of simvastatin was measured by well validated LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis and ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis of parameters. No statistically significant formulation, period, or sequence effect was encountered. Ninety percent confidence intervals of log transformed C_(max) and AUC_(t) were comprised in the stipulated 0.80-1.25 range. These results suggest that test formulation of simvastatin is bioequivalent with the reference, both formulations in 20 mg tablet.

최대운동시 당질상태에 따른 혈장 에피네프린과 노르에피네프린의 반응

김형렬,황수관 대한스포츠의학회 1995 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine during maximal exercise in various glycogen conditions. The subjects were composed of 7 male college students. They performed graded exercise test by way of bicycle ergometer in normal glycogen condition, glycogen-depleted condition and glycogen-loaded condition. Glycogen depletion and loading condition were formed as a results of exercise and dietary. plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were analyzed of blood samples extracted every 3 minutes until exhaution. On the basis of the results analyzed in this study, conclusions were drawn as follow. 1. Plasma norepinephrine in this study, conclusions were drawn as follows. condition with work loads, and difference between glycogen-loaded condition and glycogen depleted condition was significant (p<0.05) from the work load of 120W. 2. Change of norepinephrine/epinephrine was increased in both normal glycogen condition and glycogen-loaded condition with work loads, and differences among three conditions were not significant on the whole.

Cefixime 경구제제의 생물학적 동등성 연구

김형기,권준택,손동렬,염윤기 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

The bioequivalence of generic cefixime(Pofixim^(®), Kwangmyung Pharmaceutical Co.) capsule to the cefixime capsule(Suprax^(®), Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.) as a reference drug. Single dose of 100 mg cefixime was administered to 20 healthy male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design with a washout between the two study periods. Blood samples were collected up to 14 hours and plasma concentration of cefixime was measured by well validated reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis and ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis of parameters. No statistically significant formulation, period, or sequence effect was encountered. Ninety percent confidence intervals of log transformed C_(max) and AUC_(t) were comprised in the stipulated 0.80-1.25 range. These results suggest that test formulation of cefixime can be declared bioequivalent with the reference, both formulations in 100 mg capsule.

PVD 방법에 의한 TiN barrier metal 형성과 공정개발

염병렬,박형호,최치규,이종덕,김건호,이정용,서경수,강민성 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

Ar과 N₂?가스가 혼합된 분위기에서 반응성 스퍼터링 방법에 의하여 TiN 박막을 증착하였다. N₂ 가스의 농도는 화학양론적으로 TiN이 형성되는 조건에 맞도록 조절하였으며, 기판의 온도는 실온에서 부터 700℃의 범위내로 유지하였다. (111) texture 구조를 가지면서 화학양론적으로 Ti??N??인 박막은 기판의 온도가 600℃ 이상에서 형성되었고, 기판의 온도가 600℃ 이하에서는 형성된 박막은 N-과다형이었다. XRD, XPS 및 RBS 분석 결과 TiN 박막의 조성비는 기판의 온도에서 다소 의존하였으나 약 5% 이내에 불과하였다. TiN 박막의 면저항은 기판온도의 증가에 따라 감소하였고, 기판온도가 600℃에서 증착된 TiN 박막의 면저항능 14.5Ω/□ 였고, Ar―가스 분위기에서 700℃로 30초간 열처리한 후는 8.9Ω/□ 이었다. 따라서 반응성 스퍼터링방법에 의하여 형성되는 양질의 TiN 박막은 기판온도가 600℃이상이 최적조건임을 알았다. Titanium nitride (TiN) films were prepared by reactive sputter deposition in mixed gas of Ar+N₂?. The volume percentage of N₂ in the working gas was chosen so as to grow stoichiometric TiN films and the substrate temperature during film growth was set from room temperature to 700℃. stoichiometric Ti??N?? films with (111) texture were grown at temperatures over 600℃, while films prepared at temperatures below 600℃ showed N-rich TiN. The composition x and y in the Ti??N?? films determined by XPS and RBS varied within 5% with the substrate temperature. The sheet resisstance of the TiN films decreases as the substrate temperature increased. TiN film prepared at 600℃ showed 14.5Ω/□, and it decreased to 8.9Ω/□ after the sample was annealed at 700℃, 30 sec in Ar-gas ambient by RTA. By far, high quality stoichiometric TiN films by reactive sputtering in the mixed gas ambient could be prepared at substrate temperature over 600℃.

Hamstring Muscle 損傷의 豫防과 治療法에 관한 硏究

崔榮烈,金亨燉 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1990 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.3

Hamstring muscle pain and injuries are caused by two simple factors : anatomic factors and functional factors. Anatomic factors include the tight tendinous structures of the lateral insertion area of the hamstring muscle to the ischial tuberosity, lumber spine abnormalities, meniscal problem in knee, and adhesion of the lateral popliteal nerve. Functionol factors also include lack of flexibility of the hamstring muscle, poor strength and endurance of the hamstring muscle, strength imbalance between quadriceps and hamstring muscle, and between legs, inadequate warm-up and stretching prior to activity, poor running style, and premature return to physical activity after rehabilitation. This article reviews current literlatures and presents a detailed guide to accurate symtoms of injuries and pain, aetiological factors, prevention methodology, and best treatments.

신약의 개발과 임상시험

손동렬,권준택,김형기,염윤기 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1