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소식(蘇軾)의 시에 나타난 양주(釀酒) 기술의 문화적 함의 ― <밀주가(蜜酒歌)>의 봉밀주(蜂蜜酒)와 <동파주경(東坡酒經)>의 동파주(東坡酒)를 중심으로 ―
이화선 ( Lee Hwa-seon ),구사회 ( Gu Sa-whae ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2016 동양문화연구 Vol.25 No.-
인간의 영향이 미치지 않은 그대로의 자연 현상은 도덕경에 나오는 “스스로 그러하다.”라는 말 외에는 뭐라고 설명하기는 힘들다. 그러나 원래부터 있었던 만물의 현상과 그에 따른 물질 속에는 우주의 순리와 자연계의 다양성을 설명할 수 있는 이치가 담겨있다. 이러한 이치를 설명하기 위하여 이 논문에서는 그 연구 대상으로 술에 주목했다. 이는 술은 인류가 정착생활을 시작하기 훨씬 이전부터 존재했던 것으로서 인류 문화사를 풍부하게 했던 물질이기 때문이다. 이에 대한 연구방법으로는 중국 송(宋)나라 소식(蘇軾, 1037~1101)의 시<밀주가(蜜酒歌)>를 통해 술의 기원을 추적하고, 동아시아 술과 술 문화가 중국에서 기원하여 전래되었다고 하는 기존 학설을 검토했다. 또한 <동파주경(東坡酒經)>의 누룩 사용법이 동아시아 양조기술과 문화에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지를 알아보기 위해 조선시대 서유구(徐有?, 1764~1845)의 『임원경제지』 「정조지(鼎俎誌)」 <온배지류(??之類)> 조의 동파주와 비교했다. 특히, <동파주경>이 오늘날 주는 의미를 파악하기 위하여 주경에 나오는 동파주를 실제 복원하고, 확인하는 과정을 거쳤다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해, 눈에 보이는 현상 너머에 있는 자연의 실상에 의문을 두고 이를 밝히고자 했던 서양의 사고와 인간과 인간, 인간과 자연의 관계를 사고했던 동양의 사고를 비교하였다. 다시 말해 자연계는 보편성(Universality)과 다양성(Diversity)이라는 두 개의 축이 작용하고 있음을 동양의 술과 술 문화를 통해 밝히고자 했다. 오늘날 여러 현장에서 요청되고 있는 전통문화자원의 과학화와 기술화는 다양성과 보편성의 축이 서로 균형을 이룸으로써 가능해질 것이다. 이는 서양 과학에서 말하는 보편성이 그 동안 불변의 진리에 접근하는 방법을 제시할 수 있었던 축이라면, 다양성과 가변성은 자원을 현명하게 이용하고 새로운 효용 창출과 새로운 가치의 패러다임을 제시할 수 있는 축이라고 말할 수 있기 때문이다. It is assumed that alcohol has existed long before human being began settlement. Honey or the ripe fruit juice can contact with the fungus in the air and natural fermentation can occur even if the human hand does not reach it. In this study, the origin of the fermented beverage is traced through the brewing technology in the Song Dynasty shown in < Song of mead > by the work of Su Tungpo(1037~1101) of China. And, the study critically reviewed the existing theory of `Chinese transmission theory` of alcohol and alcohol cultural history of East Asia. In order to figure out the influence of fermentation technology in < Tungpo Jiujing > on the brewing technology and culture, the study compared it with Tungpojiu of < Onbaejiryu >, 「Jeongjoji」 in 『Imwongyeongjeji』 by Seo Yu-gu (1764~1845) in Joseon. In particular, the study restored actual Tungpojiu in Tungpo Jiujing and checked it actually in order to figure out its meanings of the present day. Through this process, the study attempted to compare the western thinking that focused on clarifying it with the reality of nature beyond the visible phenomenon, and the oriental thought that centered on human being. In other words, this study tried to examine that the natural world tried to reveal that the two axes of universality and diversity are working through the oriental wine and alcohol culture. Ultimately, this study aims to demonstrate the frame of universality and diversity as a philosophical foundation to be applied to the scientification and technologicalization of traditional cultural resources as the next generation power today. If universality is the frame that suggests a method to approach to eternal truth, diversity and variability are the frame that can suggest a new efficiency creation and paradigm by prudent use of resources.
Bong Seon Kang,Jae-Gu Seo,Gwa-Su Lee,Jung-Hwa Kim,Sei Yeon Kim,Ye Won Han,강훈,김형옥,Ji Hwan Rhee,Myung-Jun Chung,박영민 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.1
A lactic acid bacterial strain was isolated from human fecal specimen and identified as Enterococcus faecalis SL-5. The isolated strain showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens assayed, especially the highest activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial substance was purified and verified as a bacteriocin (named ESL5) of E. faecalis SL-5 by activity-staining using P. acnes as an indicator. N-terminal sequence of ESL5 was determined (MGAIAKLVAK) and sequence analysis revealed that it is almost identical to the some of enterocins including L50A/B of E. faecium L50 and MR10A/B of E. faecalis MRR 10-3. From the sequencing data of L50A/B structural genes, the nucleotide sequence showed 100% identity with that of the MR10A/B structural genes, implying that ESL5 is an equivalent of enterocin MR10. Meanwhile, we also tested the therapeutic effect of anti-P. acnes activity in patients with mild to moderate acne because of its pathogenic role to acne vulgaris. For this purpose, a concentrated powder of CBT SL-5 was prepared using cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of E. faecalis SL-5 and included in a lotion for application in the patients. The study showed that CBT SL-5 lotion significantly reduced the inflammatory lesions like pustules compared to the placebo lotion. Therefore our results indicate that the anti-P. acnes activity produced by E. faecalis SL-5 has potential role to the treatment of acne as an alternative to topical antibiotics.
So, Jae-Seon,Kwon, Ho-Keun,Lee, Choong-Gu,Yi, Hwa-Jung,Park, Jin-A.,Lim, So-Yeon,Hwang, Ki-Chul,Jeon, Young Ho,Im, Sin-Hyeog Elsevier 2008 Molecular immunology Vol.45 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although the beneficial effects of probiotics on wide variety of diseases have been shown, little is known about how probiotics modulate the immune system. In this study we elucidated the underlying mechanisms how <I>Lactobacillus casei</I> (<I>L. casei</I>) protects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression by investigating the effector functions of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Oral administration of <I>L. casei</I> suppressed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and reduced paw swelling, lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of cartilage tissue. <I>L. casei</I> administration reduced type II collagen (CII)-reactive proinflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α and Cox-2) by CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. <I>L. casei</I> administration also reduced translocation of NF-κB into nucleus and CII-reactive Th1-type IgG isotypes IgG2a and IgG2b, while up-regulating immunoregulatory IL-10 levels. Our results suggest that oral administration of <I>L. casei</I> suppresses the type II collagen-reactive effector function of Th1-type cellular and humoral immune responses in arthritic inflammation.</P>
다이캐스팅으로 제조한 AXE710 Mg 합금의 미세조직 및 크리프 특성
강문구 ( Mun Gu Kang ),소태일 ( Tae Il So ),정화철 ( Hwa Chul Jung ),신광선 ( Kwang Seon Shin ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.9
To develop creep resistant die-cast Mg alloys, various alloying elements, including Ca, Ce, and Sr, were added to a Mg-Al alloy. The AXE710 alloy was produced on a 320 ton high-pressure die casting machine. The microstructure and creep properties of the alloy were examined. The creep behavior was investigated at 150℃ for stresses ranging from 50 to 100 MPa. The stress exponent was derived from the relationship between normalized secondary creep rates and compensated effective stresses. It was found to be 4.9, indicating that the dislocation climb is a dominant creep mechanism.
적색/청색광의 비율 및 수확 전 광질변환이 어린잎상추의 생육 및 안토시아닌 함량에 미치는 영향
이준구(Jun Gu Lee),오상석(Sang Seok Oh),차선화(Seon Hwa Cha),장윤아(Yoon Ah Jang),김승유(Seung Yu Kim),엄영철(Young Chul Um),정승룡(Seung Ryong Cheong) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2010 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.19 No.4
식물공장 내 생육과 안토시아닌 함량을 동반 제고시킬 수 있는 최적 광조사 방법을 구명하고자 적색광과 청색광의 비율 및 단기간 광질변화 조건을 달리하여 어린잎 상추의 생육 및 안토시아닌 색소발현 양상을 비교 평가하였다. 적색광 단일파장에서 어린잎 상추의 생육이 가장 좋았으며 혼합광, 청색광 및 형광등의 순으로 생육이 억제되었다. 어린잎 상추의 엽내 총 안토시아닌 함량은 청색광과 적색광의 혼합광(R57-B43) 처리에 의해 적색광 단일광원 조건에 비해 4.1배, 형광등(FL) 조건에 비해 6.9배 각각 증가되었다. 청색광의 혼합비율이 43%까지 순차적으로 높아짐에 따라 생육은 억제되었으나 상대 엽록소 함량과 적색도의 발현은 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수확전 9일간 적색 단일광으로의 광질변환시 생육은 크게 증진된 반면 색소는 급격하게 소실되었으며 반대로 혼합광으로의 광질변환시에는 생육속도는 감소한 대신 안토시아닌 색소함량은 형광등과 적색광에 비해 크게 높아졌다. 따라서 수확 전의 단기간 광질변환 시 적색광의 비율이 높은 광원조건에서 생육을 촉진시킨 후 적색과 청색의 동등 혼합광원으로 변환할 경우 생산성을 유지하면서 고품질의 고색도 상추를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. To establish the optimum artificial light illumination method for baby leaf lettuce in closed plant factory system, the effects of red/blue light quality and short-term light quality conversion on growth and anthocyanin content were investigated. The growth of 'Hongha' lettuce was most favorable under red single wavelength LED light after 23 days of treatment, sequentially followed by the growth under red/blue mixed light, blue light, and fluorescent light. Total anthocyanin content in the mixed red/blue light (R57-B43) was 4.1-fold and 6.9-fold increased compared to the red LED and fluorescent light, respectively. With increasing the blue light ratio to 43%, the growth of lettuce was significantly decreased, while the relative chlorophyll content and Hunter's a* value was increased, indicating that the red/blue light ratio inversely affects on growth and anthocyanin pigment development. By changing light quality from red to red/blue mixed light source (R57-B43) for 9 days before harvest, the growth rate decreased compared to the continuous red light illumination, while the anthocyanin content dramatically increased compared to either red LED or fluorescent light. Whereas, when the light source was changed to red light, the growth rate was increased but anthocyanin content was reversely decreased. The result demonstrated that both growth and anthocyanin expression could be effectively regulated by shifting of light quality between red and red/blue mixed light source at a specific growth stage of lettuce in a plant factory.