Lorazepam製劑의 安定性에 관한 硏究

梁在憲,嚴東玉 又石大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Lorazepam (7-chloro-5(0-chlorophenyl)-1.3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1.4-benzodiazepine-2-one) is a new minor tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. It is extensively used as a sedative and antianxiety agent in clinical practice. According to the pharmacology, Lozepam is superior to other benzodiazepines with respect to its anticonvulsant, muscle relaxing and antianxiety properties. The biological toxicity of Lorazepam is low and it's therapeutic index is high. For the research of Lorazepam preparation, we performed the tests of stability, high performance liquid chromatography, bioavailability, safety of five formulas of syrup and six formulas of injection of Lorazepam. Quantitative analysis of Lorazepam preparation is possible by spectrophotometric determination, but biological plasma level and impurity of thermolysis of Lozepam can be separated by using of high performance liquid chromatograph. To add saccharide in Lorazepam syrups is more effective for the prevention of thermolysis and sorbitol is more effective than other saccharides. Manufacturing Lorazepam injection, propyleneglycol is suitable to increase solubility of active ingredient and control of pH, and for stabilization of injection nicotinamide and PEG 1500 were more effective than other stabilizers. When Lorazepam syrup is orally administered to rabbit, it shows a high blood level after half an hour. Plasma level of Lorazepam is showed to be identical phase under various stabilizer when Lorazepam injection is intravenously administered to rat. It shows a substaining effect to add polyethylenglycol 400 and 1500 as stabilizer. PEG 1500 and Na_2S_2O_2 increased toxicity of Lorazepam injection, decreasing of LD_50 value in rat or mouse. Thiourea and nicotinamide have lower toxicity than other stabilizers in rate or mouse.

바이칼린 함유 생약의 제제화 및 생체 이용률 (제 2보) : 황금 및 황련 공침물의 장내 흡수 및 항균 효과 Gastro-Intestinal Absorption and Antibacterial Effect of Coprecipitated Product of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma

양재헌,김동수,류희두,이남희 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from mixure of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine, the active ingredients of the two herbal medicine were identified in coprecipitated product. Pills were prepared using the coprecipitated product and various binders. The dissolution rate of baicalin and berberine from pills was increased in at pH1.2 when acacia or tragacanth was used. The absorption rate of baicalin from the coprecipitated product was raster than the from Scutellaria extract, but the absorption of berberine from CPP was slower in stomach, duodenum and jejunum of rats compared with Coptis expract. The time equired for the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of baicalin and berberine from CPP in mice were 150 and 200 min after oral administration. respectively. The maximum serum concentration of baicalin from CPP in mice was higher than Scutellaria extract, but the concentration of berberine was lower compared with Coptis extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration of CPP was below 50 ug/ml against gram positive bacteria, and was higher than that against gram negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of CPP was lower than the of berberine.but was more potent than Scutellaria extract. It was found that the ingibition rates of growth by CPP against S. cpidermidis, K. pneumoniae, B cereus and S. aureus were 60.1, 5.11, 45.4, and 39.9%. respectively.

노년의 대퇴골 원위부 골절 시 동시에 시행한 전슬관절 성형술 및 금속판 내고정술 : 8예 보고 Report of Eight Cases

김동헌,장병춘,신규철,양준호 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Supracondylar fracture of the femur can be treated by a wide variety of methods. Although satisfactory results have been achieved with either open and closed treatment, less certain results are obtained for the elderly who have pre-existing osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Particularly, elderly patients who have preexisting osteoarthritis are at increased risk of posttraumatic arthritis, stiff knee, persistent pain. Primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA) might obviate many of these potential problems and help to return the high-risk patient to an ambulatory functional status immediately. There are few reports about this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results treated by simultaneous internal fixation and TKA for the supracondylar fracture in the elderly who have osteoarthritis of the knee joint. From 1994 to 1998, eight primary TKAs using posterior cruciate sparing PFC knee(Press Fit Condylar, Johnson & Johnson, Raynham, U.S.A) were performed after internal fixation for the supracondylar fracture of the femur with Judet plate or condylar buttress plate by conventional means. Patella was not resurfaced in all knees. According to the M ller classification of the supracondylar fracture of the femur 5 fractures were type A, 2 in type B, 1 in type C. Five patients were female, 3 patients were male. The ages ranged from 66 to 81, with an average of 74 years. Patients were followed for at least 1 year(average 3 years). The mean interval between the injury and operation was 2 weeks(range, 1 week to 4 weeks). Active knee joint exercise was encouraged in a hinge brace under the postoperative pain control. Partial weight bearing was permitted at the postoperative 4 to 6 weeks using crutches. Full weight bearing was allowed after union of the fracture. Fractures were united in all patients and the average duration of bony union was 16 weeks. The average amount of flexion and average flexion contracture for the all patients at the most recent follow-up were 96 degrees (range, 45 to 120 degrees) and 7 degrees (range, zero to 20 degrees), respectively. Using the knee rating score advocated by the American Knee Society, the average postoperative score was 87 for pain and 80 for function. We concluded that simultaneous internal fixation and TKA for supracondylar fracture of the femur in elderly patients who have advanced knee osteoarthritis may provide satisfactory pain relief and function with acceptable morbidity.

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

玄胡索중 3級鹽基成分의 分離와 定量에 관한 硏究

嚴東玉,金基德,李來洪,梁在憲,申台容 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

A new application of specrophotometry for the isolation and determination of tertiary base in Corydalis Tuber was investigated. In order to establish the method for isolation and determination of tertiary base in the Corydalis Tuber. Tertiary base was isolated from Corydalis Tuber by organic solvent. When tertiary base was added to a solution containing cobaltous ion and excess thiocyan ion, yellowish-green, 1,2-dichloroethane-solube(base)_2Co(SCN)_4 precipitate. Supportive evidence for identification could be obtained by complexation with tetrathiocyanatocobaltate(Ⅱ) ion. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of complex vompound in 1,2-dichloroethane exhibits maxima at 282nm and 624nm. The tertiary base was isolated from compex compound and identified as glaucine by UV-Visible spectrum and TLC. A tertiary base in 1,2-dichloroethane scanned from 200nm to 400nm qualitatively exhibits the same absorbance characteristics at identical wavelength as does isolated and concomitantly measured solution of a complex compound. The tertiary base components present in comples compound have been resolved on an absorbance solvent. And it is studied that the differential determination of tertiary base in Corydalis Tuber by spectrophometry. The tertiary base is determined by absorbance of colored products that is produced to reaction of tetrathiocyanatocobaltate(Ⅱ) ion under determination of tertiary base was possible to the range of glaucine 0.100mg/ml-1.000mg/ml in 1,2-dichloroethane. (maximum wavelength; 624nm) The calibration curve showed that the coefficient of variation was 0.9999% for glaucine. Also reproducibility tests showed that the coefficient of variation was 0.9999%. Arepid, specific and precise method using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and TLC has been developed for the isolation and determination of tertiary base in the Corydalis Tuber. The method was applicable to the isolation and determination of tertiary base in Corydalis Tuber or it's extract.

대퇴골 전자간 골절을 동반한 고령의 환자에서 시행한 슬관절 전치환술

고덕환,김동헌,김규현,신주용,양준호 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Purpose: To analyze the clinical results of total knee arthroplasty In elderly patients who had arthritic knees and intertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: From fan 1992 to March 1999, 27 cases of the patients with arthritic knees and associated intertrochanteric fractures were treated by total knee arthroplasties and we evaluated the patients by Knee Score of American Knee Society. Results: Flexion contracture was improved from 10.3 degree to 5.2 degree, KSS score was improved from 57.4 points to 78.6 points, authors' evaluation system score was improved from 50.3 points to 73.2 points. Conclusion: In elderly patients with arthritic knees and associated intertrochanteric fractures, total knee arthroplasty seemed to decrease the rehabilitation time and allow earl weight bearing, so provide an improvement in quality of life.

한약에 의해 유발된 급성 간질성 신염 2례

김덕윤,박동건,김응석,강영모,양창헌,이정호,이동철,이영현,김정란 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

간질성 신염은 신장의 간질을 선택적으로 침범하는 염증성 질환으로 여러가지 원인에 의해 유발되며, 이 중 약물에 의한 경우는 각종 항생제, 비스테로이드성 진통제, 항경련제, 이뇨제, 면역억제제등에 의한 증례들이 보고되고 있다. 현재 각종 질환-특히 만성질환-의 치료에서 한약이 차지하는 비중이 적지 않으나, 그 각각의 성분들이 유발할 수 있는 부작용들에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 관절염 치료를 위해 중국산 한약을 복용한 후 복통, 피로감 및 육안적 혈뇨를 주소로 내원한 두 환자에서, 단백뇨와 신기능 장애를 보여 시행한 신조직 생검상 급성 간질성 신염에 합당한 병리학적 소견을 보이고, 한약 복용 중지 후 급속한 회복을 보여, 한약에 의해 유발된 것으로 사료되는 급성 간질성 신염 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Acute interstitial nephritis is a disease characterized by renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and acute renal functional deterioration. This is caused mainly by antibiotics, NSAID and diuretics such as thiazide, but cases induced by herb medication are rare. We experienced two cases of acute interstitial nephritis after treatment with herb medication. One 71-year-old female patient and the other 60-year-old female were admitted to the hospital because of general weakness and gross hematuria. Microscopic hematuria, pyuria, and proteinuria were presented. After definitive diagnosis with a renal biopsy, we noted rapid recovery of renal function by drug withdrawal and steroid therapy. We report these cases with a review of the referenced literatures. Key Words : Herb medication, Acute Interstitial nephritis.

기종성 신우신염 1례

이재욱,구정태,서정일,양창헌,이정호,이동철,이영현,이활,이경섭 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.1

기종성 신우신염은 주로 당뇨병환자나 폐쇄성 요로질환을 가진 환자에 발생하며 특징적으로 신실질 및 그 주위조직에 가스를 형성하면서 심한 조직괴사를 일으키는 매우 드문 급성 화농성 신감염으로 사망률이 높은 질환이다. 이 질환은 1989년 Kelly와 MacCallum에 의해 처음 보고된 이래 외국문헌에 약 90례 정도가 보고되어 있으며 국내에는 28례가 보고되어 있다. 수액 및 전해질 보충, 인슐린 투여를 통한 적절한 혈당조절 및 항생제 투여등의 내과적 치료와 절개배농 및 신적출술등의 수술적 치료 방법이 있다. 내과적 치료로 가스의 감소가 없는 경우에는 즉각적인 수술적 치료를 시행하여야하므로 이 가스변화에 대한 추적관찰이 중요하다 하겠다. 본 저자들은 당뇨병환자에서 발생한 기종성 신우신염 1례를 내과적 요법을 치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is rare, life-threatening infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tisseue. This disease is characterized by the production of intrarenal and perirenal gas and is frequently encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus or urinary obstruction. We experienced a case of emphysematouse pyelonephritis in a 62 years old women with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who had been managed with medical theraphy. So we report this case with a review of the referenced literatures.

Ionized Calcium 및 Chitosan의 혼합처방에 따른 항균효과에 관한 연구

송명수,김미정,김영일,최동성,양재헌 又石大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The antibacterial effects of chitosan depend on its molecular weight. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth of designated high in Gram positive, which was high in S aurens, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, low in S. mutans, high in C. albicans in fungi, low in A. niger. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth of chitosan was comparatively high in Gram positive, low in S. mutans and it showed high numerical value in C. albicans of fungi. The rate recorded good result at molecular weight 200,000 relatively, there was no difference, according to the molecular weight. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth according to the concentration of the increased differently between 1,000~10,000㎍/㎖, it showed antibacterial activity close to the inhibition rate of growth of chitosan rather than ionized calcium. The minimum inhibitory concentration marked the highest in the mixture of cihtosan and ionized calcium for all kind of bacteria generally, there was a little difference between yeast and fungi.

Baicalin Emulsion의 제조조건 및 抗菌效果에 關한 硏究

엄정신,김영일,엄동옥,양재헌 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1997 藥學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-

The emulsion of Scutellariae Radix was prepared following homogenizing with emulsifier between water phases and oil phases. This emulsion is two type, one is oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion and the other water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion. Scutellariae Radix extract(SRE) was very slightly soluble in oil phases and wparingly soluble in water phases. The lipid-water partition coefficients of SRE was high in chloroform, but was very low in other organic solvents. Emulsion was successfuly preparated under the various conditions and evaluated by microscopy. The partition coefficient of oil/water was also determinated. The viscosity of emulsion was increased more than water phase and oil phase, and the visicoty of W/O emulsion was hisher than O/W emulsion. The stability was higher in W/O emulsion than O/W emulsion.