Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation-related genes in co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages

Kim Hee‐Yeon,Jo Min Jeong,Nam So Yung,Kim Kwang Min,Choi Moon Bo,Lee Yong‐Ho 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.5

Obese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and a massive macrophage infiltration. The interaction between macrophages with mature adipocytes releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammatory state can contribute to obesity-related complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can attempt to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and blocking their interaction with adipocytes. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom (BV) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Although BV is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, few studies have addressed its use in obesity-associated inflammation. This study examines the inhibitory effects of BV on lipid accumulation in differentiating preadipocytes, inflammation, and insulin resistance in macrophages and adipocyte-macrophage co-culture system. We treated 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes with BV during differentiation. We later measured lipid accumulation and gene expression of master adipogenic transcription factors. After RAW264.7 and 3 T3-L1 cells were pretreated with BV, RAW264.7 cells were activated with LPS or co-cultured with pretreated 3 T3-L1 cells. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitizing genes was measured in these cells. BV inhibited lipid accumulation and C/EBPα and PPARγ gene expression during intermediate and late 3 T3-L1 cell differentiation. BV also suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and in co-culture of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. However, adiponectin and GLUT-4 expression were both significantly increased by BV in co-culture. These findings demonstrate that BV attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and improves obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue.

응급실에서 시행된 기관내 삽관의 현황

김병철,강보승,송형곤,이정훈,송근정,정연권 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Background : The purpose of this study was to analyze the endotracheal intubation cases performed in the emergency department. Methods : We investigated retrospectively 326 cases of endotracheal intubation performed in the emergency department of a tertiary care center form April 1, 1998 to March 31, 1999. We focused on operators, medications used, its success rate and immediate complications, and the relationship between its success rate and medications. Results : Of 326 consecutive intubations, 193 patients(59.2%) were done by emergency medicine residents or attending physician. While 320 patients(98.2%) were successfully intubated, 6 patients could not be intubated and 2 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of 50 cases of intubations(15.3%) attempted with paralyzing agents, 48 cases were done with succinylcholine and 46 cases underwent by emergency physicians. Intubations with neuromuscular paralysis resulted in high success rates at the first attempt. Of 55 immediate adverse events were encountered in 47 patients(desaturation=17, bronchial intubation=15, hypotension=8, bradycardia=4, cardiac arrest=2, others=5). Conclusion : At this institution, paralyzing agents were used infrequently, but almost all of them were used by emergency physicians.

종파-횡파 동시 발진형 초음파 탐촉자 설계

김연보,노용래,남효덕 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

Most of conventional ultrasonic probes are constructed to generate either longitudinal or shear waves, but not combination of both waves. The ultrasonic probe that generates both of the longitudinal and shear waves simultaneously with a single PZT element was investigated. We studied the performance of a PZT element as a function of its rotation angle so that its efficiency is optimized to excite the two waves equally strongly. The results are verified by checking the impedance variation of the element with Finite Element Methods, and checking the wave form by Pulse-Echo test simulation. The validity of the theoretical calculation is verified through experiments.

等方性 Ba-ferrite 磁石의 混合方法에 따른 特性의 變化

김연보 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1985 産業技術硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The effects of Mixing Methods on the solid-state reaction in the system BaCO₃-Fe₂O₃ and magnetic properties of Barium Ferrite Magnets were studied. Mixtures were prepared by partial precipitation mixing and ball mill mixing methods using two different Fe₂O₃ powders. The samples of cylindrical shape were calcined at temperature 1000℃ for 4 hours and fired in the air 2 hours each between 1100℃ and 1300℃ at 50℃ intervals. Techniques used were Thermo gravimetry and DC Magnetic hysteresis loop tracter. Volume shrinkage, fired density, variation in weight and some magnetic properties were studied in two differant mixing methods. It is shown that the mixing methods have marked effects on the solid-state reaction and magnetic properties during calculation. as also on subsequents firing.

자연의 아름다움과 고급스러움이 공존하는 마임 비에타 쇼룸 제안 -오감 (시각, 청각, 후각, 촉각, 미각)을 중심으로-

김보현,이서연,은다솜,엄연정,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 국내 브랜드 ‘마임'의 뷰티와 연계한 뷰티 쇼룸을 제안함에 있어서 공간속에 오감을 담아내는 일련의 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이는 브랜드가 소유하고 있는 다양한 감각과 가치가 결여된 채 시각적 요소만이 담긴 브랜드 뷰티 쇼룸이 대다수를 차지하는 오늘날, 이에 대한 문제를 해결하기 위해 ’융합 연출 디자인'적 시점에서 폭넓게 바라보고 브랜드의 정신과 오감의 결합을 통해 이를 해결하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 3월~6월 15주간 숙명여대 환경디자인학과 <융합연출 디자인>수업에서 진행된 수업의 결과물로서 산학 연계된 화장품 브랜드의 쇼룸디자인 개발 프로세스를 제안한다. 또한 본 연구의 범위는 오감을 담고 있는 뷰티 쇼룸(4D)이 되기까지의 과정 전체로 한다. 그 결과, 마임 뷰티쇼룸은 공간 디자인과 오감을 융합하여 영상에서 공간에 이르기까지 오감의 조화와 브랜드의 정신을 녹여내고 확장시켰다. 끝으로 본 연구는 뷰티 쇼룸 공간 디자인을 제안함에 있어서 오감을 활용하여 통합된 시점에서 그래픽·제품·공간을 개발 및 제시한 것에 의의가 있다. 또한 향후 이와 관련된 쇼룸 공간 개발에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

製造方法에 따른 PZN-PNN-PT-PZ계 세라믹스의 壓電特性

김연보,이기태 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 産業技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

The quarternary system ceramics 0.5 [xPb(Zm_(⅓)ㅊNb_(⅔))O₃] - 0.5 [yPbTiO₃-(1-y)PbZrO₃) were prepared by conventional, columbite and flux methods and compared their piezoelectric properties with each others. Piezoelectric properties of sample prepared by columbite and flux methods were improved phase boundary of the samples shifted to more Zr-rich composition and showed a drop in piezoelectric properties.

2-2형 압전복합체의 전기적 특성

김연보,류정탁 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2003 情報通信硏究 Vol.1 No.2

In this study, we have investigated on the development of ultrasonic transducers with 2-2 mode piezocomposites that have better piezoelectric activity and lower acoustic impedance than those of conventional piezoceramics. The piezocomposite ultrasonic transducer can solve the traditional acoustic impedance mismatching problems without the help of matching layers. In this study we have designed optimal material properties of the piezocomposite, and volume fraction and geometric shape of the piezoceramic. The accoustic impedance of 2-2 mode piezocomposite was linearly decreased with PZT volume fraction. The electromechanical coupling factor(kt) was uniformed about 0.68 in the 0.2 to 0.6. When the volume fraction of PZT was 0.2 the accoustic impedance was 3.2 Mrayl.

PZT/Polymer로 제작한 초음파 트랜스듀서의 전기적 특성

김연보 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2009 情報通信硏究 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 현재 사용중인 초음파 트랜스듀서의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 PZT와 Polymer를 이용하여 Dice-and-fill 기술로 제작한 초음파 트랜스듀서의 전기적 특성을 조사한 것이다. PZT/Polymer로 제작된 초음파 트랜스듀서의 공진특성과 전기기계결합계수는 PZT의 부피분율이 0.6일 때 가장 우수한 값을 보였다. 이것의 PZT의 부피분율의 변화에 따른 음향임피던스는 PZT 부피분율의 감소에 따라 비례적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

A1 도핑한 非晶質 半導體의 전기적 특성

김연보,김종성 대구대학교 (한사대학) 산업기술연구소 1994 産業技術硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Aluminum-doped amorphous silicon carbide films were prepared by RF co-sputtering of SiC and Al-doped Sic. Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to determine composition of the resultant films. XPS results showed that concentration of aluminum around 1.0 atm % was achieved. Electrical conductivity was measured for a temperature range of 150 to 400K and subjected to Mott analysis. Conductivity of Al-doped a-SiC films was about five orders of magnitude higher that that of undoped films. Optical gap derived from the Tauc plot was 1.19 eV for Al-doped unhydrogenated film and 1.55 eV for hydrogenated film.

Fe₂O₃와 BaCO₃의 反應에 미치는 Fe₂O₃粉體의 영향

김연보 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1984 産業技術硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The effects of Fe₂O₃ particle size on the reaction between Ferric oxide and Barium carbonate were studied. Mixtures were prepared by partial presipitation mixing and ball-mill mixing methods using two different Fe₂O₃ powders. Techniques employed were X-ray diffraction analysis, termo-gravimetry and d.c. hysteresis loop tracer. It is shown that the particle size of Fe₂O₃ powder, as well as mixing method, have marked effects on the solid-state reaction and magnetic properties. The ferrite BaO·Fe₂O₃ results from the direct reaction of Barium carbonate with Ferric oxide at low temperatures. The reaction of BaO·Fe₂O₃ with Fe₂O₃ to give BaO·Fe₂O₃ requires higher temperatures. Possibility of using partial presipitation mixing in the large-scale production of Ba-ferrites has been proposed.