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모션 캡처 시스템에 대한 고찰: 임상적 활용 및 운동형상학적 변인 측정 중심으로
임우택 한국전문물리치료학회 2022 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.29 No.2
To solve the pathological problems of the musculoskeletal system based on evidence, a so-phisticated analysis of human motion is required. Traditional optical motion capture systems with high validity and reliability have been utilized in clinical practice for a long time. However, expensive equipment and professional technicians are required to construct optical motion capture systems, hence they are used at a limited capacity in clinical settings despite their advantages. The development of information technology has overcome the existing limit and paved the way for constructing a motion capture system that can be operated at a low cost. Recently, with the development of computer vision-based technology and optical marker-less tracking technology, webcam-based 3D human motion analysis has become possible, in which the intuitive interface increases the user-friendliness to non-specialists. In addition, unlike conventional optical motion capture, with this approach, it is possible to analyze mo-tions of multiple people at simultaneously. In a non-optical motion capture system, an inertial measurement unit is typically used, which is not significantly different from a conventional optical motion capture system in terms of its validity and reliability. With the development of markerless technology and advent of non-optical motion capture systems, it is a great advan-tage that human motion analysis is no longer limited to laboratories.
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임우택,박종삼,Sang Hoon Lee,Ki Jin Jung,허남호 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.6
Single crystals of fully dehydrated and fully Ca2+-exchanged zeolites A (|Ca6|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA) and X (|Ca46|[Si100Al92O384]-FAU) were brought into contact with Te in fine pyrex capillaries at 623 K and 673 K, respectively,for 5 days. Crystal structures of Te-sorbed Ca2+-exchanged zeolites A and X have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques at 294 K in the cubic space group Pm3 m (a = 12.288(2) Å) and Fd 3 (a = 25.012(1) Å), respectively. The crystal structures of pale red-brown |Ca6Te3|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA and black coloured |Ca46Te8| [Si100Al92O384]-FAU have been refined to the final error indices of R1/wR2 = 0.1096/0.2768 and R1/wR2 = 0.1054/0.2979 with 204 and 282 reflections for which Fo > 4σ(Fo), respectively. In the structure of |Ca6Te3|[Si12Al12O48]- LTA, 6 Ca2+ ions per unit cell were found at one crystallographic positions, on 3-fold axes equipoints of opposite 6-rings. In |Ca46Te8|[Si100Al92O384]-FAU, 46 Ca2+ ions per unit cell were found at four crystallographically distinct positions: 3 Ca2+ ions at Ca(1) fill the 16 equivalent positions of site I, 21 Ca2+ ions at Ca(2) fill the 32 equivalent positions of site I’, 10 and 12 Ca2+ ions at Ca(3) and Ca(4), respectively, fill the 32 equivalent positions of site II. The Te clusters are stabilized by interaction with cations and framework oxygen. In sodalite units, Te-Te distances of 2.86(10) and 2.69(4) Å in zeolites A and X, respectively exhibited strong covalent properties due to their interaction with Ca2+ ions. On the other hand, in large cavity and supercage, those of 2.99(3) and 2.76(11) Å in zeolites A and X, respectively, showed ionic properties because alternative ionic interaction was formed through framework oxygen at one end and Ca2+ cations at the other end.
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임우택,최식영,김복조,김창민,In Su Lee,김석한,허남호 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.7
Ag4Br4 nanoclusters have been synthesized in about 75% of the sodalite cavities of fully K+-exchanged zeolite A (LTA). An additional KBr molecule is retained in each large cavity as part of a near square-planar K4Br3+ cation. A single crystal of Ag12-A, prepared by the dynamic ion-exchange of Na12-A with aqueous 0.05 M AgNO3 and washed with CH3OH, was placed in a stream of flowing 0.05 M KBr in CH3OH for two days. The crystal structure of the product (K9(K4Br)Si12Al12O48•0.75Ag4Br4, a = 12.186(1) Å) was determined at 294 K by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the space group Pm m. It was refined with all measured reflections to the final error index R1 = 0.080 for the 99 reflections for which Fo > 4(Fo). The thirteen K+ ions per unit cell are found at three crystallographically distinct positions: eight K+ ions in the large cavity fill the six-ring site, three K+ ions fill the eight-rings, and two K+ ions are opposite four-rings in the large cavity. One bromide ion per unit cell lies opposite a four-ring in the large cavity, held there by two eight-ring and two six-ring K+ ions (K4Br3+). Three Ag+ and three Br ions per unit cell are found on 3-fold axes in the sodalite unit, indicating the formation of nano-sized Ag4Br4 clusters (interpenetrating tetrahedra; symmetry Td; diameter ca. 7.9 Å) in 75% of the sodalite units. Each cluster (Ag-Br = 2.93(3) Å) is held in place by the coordination of its four Ag+ ions to the zeolite framework (each Ag+ cation is 2.52(3) A from three six-ring oxygens) and by the coordination of its four Br ions to K+ ions through six-rings (Br-K = 3.00(4) A).
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루소의 "에밀"과 구츠므츠의 "청소년을 위한 체육"의 體育史的 意義
林雨澤 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1989 體育硏究 Vol.- No.2
Rousseacu evoloved the education theory based naturalism through "Emiel" which is educational novel. He asserted "look to nature". His educational theory was developed in the direction of educational renovation as well as social reform. His thought of physical education was influenced to many educators, especially to the philanthropist. Rousseau's thought of physical education handed down to Basedow who was influenced by it after reading Emiel. The thought was adopted as a curriculum of the philanthropic school. And it was handed down to Salzmann & Guts-Muths who was called "father of mordern physical education' made its further developement. Guts-Muths writed many book about physical education. In this book, "Gymnastik fu"r die Jugend" was translated many language and was spreaded to world. The book, "Emiel" & "Gymnastik fur die Jugend", have innovativity and creativity in the contents, so they could maked the foundation of mordern physical education. This was significant of history of physical education by that looks.
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연속적 능동무릎폄 검사가 뒤넙다리근의 유연성에 미치는 영향
임우택,Lim, Woo Taek 대한물리치료과학회 2021 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Background: In clinical practice, active knee extension (AKE) test has been widely used to measure hamstring flexibility. During the AKE test, the knee extension is repeated six times. The first five repetitions are considered as warm-up, and the sixth is used as baseline. In order to accurately measure the subject's inherent flexibility, warm-up trials have been proposed as mentioned above; but currently, the evidence is insufficient. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three healthy adults participated in this study. The AKE was performed slowly after flexing the hip and knee joints by 90° in a supine position. The knee was extended as far as could be done without causing discomfort or pain. When reaching the end range, knee flexion was performed without stopping. As per standard protocol, the subjects performed the knee extension six times. Results: There was no significant difference between the AKE value in the first trial with those in the other five trials. During the repetitions, the average value in the group with higher flexibility tended to decrease and the Intraclass correlation coefficient gradually decreased. Conclusion: Successive repetitions of the AKE test can misrepresent an individual's inherent hamstring flexibility. In order to avoid a decrease in hamstring flexibility, it is strongly recommended that individuals with high initial hamstring flexibility avoid unnecessary repetitions of the AKE test.
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임우택 대한스트레스학회 2016 스트레스硏究 Vol.24 No.4
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip extension force measured by using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on hamstring flexibility. Many athletes try to avoid strains by excessive stress while maintaining or improving performance. It has been widely demonstrated that PNF stretching increases hamstring flexibility by decreasing active resistance. Thirty-four young men and women participated in the study. Active knee extension (AKE) was measured with a goniometer before and after hold-relax PNF stretching. Additionally, AKE data were collected at 2, 6, 10, 20, and 30 min. The maximal isometric contraction force of the hamstring was measured by using a HHD during a single set of PNF stretches (6 trials×5 s/trial). The mean forces measured by using the hand-held dynamometer were not significantly different between the trials; however, the averages of the maximum and minimum values obtained for each trial were significantly different. Hamstring flexibility at pre-stretch differed between men and women, but the immediate and sustained effects of stretching did not differ between the sexes. The isometric contraction force of the hip extensor during hold-relax PNF stretching was successfully measured and quantified with the use of a HHD. The inconsistencies in the isometric contraction force between trials might diminish the effect of stretching. The use of a HHD to monitor the effort applied by a subject and provide real-time feedback might enhance the effectiveness of stretching in the clinical field or in sports physiotherapy.
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