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Surgical Findings to Differentiate Between Facial Nerve Schwannoma and Vestibular Schwannoma
이종대,이원상 대한이비인후과학회 2014 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.7 No.3
Objectives. Facial nerve schwannomas may be misdiagnosed as vestibular schwannomas (VSs) if the tumor is confined to the internal auditory canal (IAC) without involvement the geniculated ganglion or labyrinthine segment of facial nerve. Because facial nerve schwannomas may be misdiagnosed as VSs, we investigated the differences between the two. Methods. The study included 187 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of VS. Of these, six were diagnosed with facial nerve schwannomas during surgery. We reviewed the preoperative evaluations and surgical findings of facial nerve schwan- nomas mimicking VSs. Results. No useful preoperative predictors are available for facial nerve schwannomas mimicking VSs. Facial nerve schwan- nomas are usually confined to the IAC. After opening the dura of the IAC, a facial nerve schwannoma can be diag- nosed after identifying a normal-appearing nerve located lateral to the tumor. When this was the case, we performed facial nerve preservation surgery or decompression. Conclusion. Facial nerve schwannomas can be differentiated from VSs by identifying specific findings during surgery.
화재사고(火災事故)(WHO-E 916)에 관(關)한 역학적관찰(疫學的觀察)
이종대,한성은,빈순덕,주인호,Lee, Chong-Dae,Han, Seong-Un,Bin, Soon-Duk,Chu, In-Ho 대한예방의학회 1968 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.1 No.1
Epidemiological and statistical observations were made of fire hazards that occurred during the past 18 years, 1948 to 1965. Injury and mortality rates for all ages were computed chronologically. For the years of 1955, 1961 and 1965, all fire accidents were epidemiologically analysed to draw characteristic patterns in relation to the seasonal and 24 hour distribution, causes and sites of accidents etc.. Fire hazards observed herein are the categorys E 916 of the International Classification of Causes of Death, 1955, and includes all accidents caused by fire and explosion of combustible materials. The following conclusion was made: 1. The average number of annual deaths due to fire was 183 and the number of the in jured due to the same cause was 335. The mortality rate per 100,000 population was 0.8 and the ratio of injuries per death was 1.83. 2. The casually rate including both the dead and injured was 5.0 per 100,000 in Seoul, the highest among the provinces and followed by 3.4 in Cheju -Do, 2.1 in Kangwon-Do, 1.7 in Kyunggi-Do accordingly. The other provinces had a range of 0.6 to 1.2. 3. The monthly distribution of fro accidents showed that the winter months, December through February, had more frequent accidents, while the summer season, June through August had less. The 24 hour distribution of accidents showed more cases from 12:00 to 18:00 and less from 4:00 to 10:00 hours. 4. The per cent distribution of causes of accidents showed; 90.0% for careless, 10.0% for arson. The cause of carelessness was further breakdown into; 15.0% for kitchen fire places, 13.8% for fire playing, 9,4% for electrical heating and wires, 8.3% for fuels, 6.3% for matches, 5.2% for ash dumps and the remaining for others. 5. The accidents as classified by place revealed that 56.8% of the total occurred at the common dwelling houses, 11.3 at various industrial workshops, 9.3% at the street shops and the remaining at the miscellaneous places.
일정 열속으로 하부면이 가열되는 수평 유체층에서 열적 불안정성 해석
이종대,최창균,신치범 한국화학공학회 1988 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.26 No.3
초기에 정지되어 있는 수평 유체층의 하부면을 일정한 열속으로 가열할 때 자연대류의 유발시점을, 전파이론을 근거로, 해석하였다. Deep-pool계에 대하여 기본온도분포를 적분방법에 의하여 모사하고 새로운 안정성 방정식을 유도하였다. Prandtl수가 매우 큰 경우, 임계조건들을 구하여 아래와 같은 상관식을 얻었다. τ_c = 4.57 Ra^½ 이는 기존실험치들과 Ra>10⁴인 범위에서 잘 일치함을 보여 주었다. 또한 발생되는 자연대류는 4τ_c에 감지될 정도로 증폭되는 것으로 나타났다. When an initially quiescent, horizontal fluid layer is heated uniformly from below, the critical time of the onset of natural convection is analysed by employing the propagation theory. For deep-pool systems the basic temperature profile is approximated by using the integral method and a new stability equation is generated. The critical conditions are found to have following relation: τ_c = 4.57 Ra^(-½) for Pr →∞ This relation agrees well with experimental data in the range of Ra >10⁴. Also, it is seen that the initiated convection is amplified to observable magnitude at the time 4 τ_c.
석탄가스 전환용 Methyl Formate 중간체 메탄올 합성반응의 공정 연구
이종대,정헌,신장식 한국화학공학회 2001 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.39 No.3
합성가스의 일회전환율이 높고 저온에서 가동되는 메틸포메이트 중간체 메탄올합성 공정의 상용화 가능성을 검토하기 위해 촉매의 개발 및 공정 변수의 변화를 조사하였다. 기존의 copper chromite 촉매를 대체하는 노력으로 염기성 담체를 응용한 Cu/MgO는 성능 및 지속성에서 copper chromite에 비해 열등했다. 균질촉매로 같이 사용되는 KOCH₃를 비균질화하기 위해 polyaniline계열의 음이온교환수지를 제조하여 적용한 결과, 가능성은 확인하였으나 촉매가 안정적이지 않았다 Copper chromite + KOCH₃촉매계를 사용하여 최적의 반응조건을 조사한 결과, 250 ㏄의 메탄올 액체용매에 20-40 g의 copper chromite 및 5 g의 KOCH₃를 투입하고 180℃ 및 61기압에서 1,000 L/㎏·hr 의 유속의 합성가스를 주입하는 것으로 판명되었다. 이 조건에서 메틸포메이트 중간체 공정의 문제점으로 알려진 극소량의 CO₂에 의한 촉매 비활성화가 극복되어 1%의 CO₂가 포함된 합성가스를 사용하여도 촉매계의 활성이 유지되었다. 특히 석탄의 가스화에 의해 제조되는 합성가스의 조성인 H₂/CO 의 비가 1 이하인 가스의 수소전환율이 70%에 이르며 반응속도는 6 gmole/㎏·hr 이상이었다. 메탄올 대신 triglyme을 용매로 사용한 결과 약간의 반응속도 감소에도 불구하고, 반응생성물의 회수가 용이한 장점이 있어 액상 메탄올 합성 공정에 적용 가능성을 보여 주었다. New catalysts development and process variable study have been carried out to seek the possibility of developing methyl formate intermediate methanol synthesis process into commercial scale. Cu/MgO was prepared in an effort to replace the copper chromate catalyst. Cu/MgO was inferior to copper chromate in terms of the weight-based activity and the stability. An attempt to substitute the homogeneous(methanol-soluble) KOCH3 catalyst with an anion-exchanged polyaniline resin was partially successful since anion-exchanged resin showed some activity but it seems to dissolve in the methanol solvent. The best combination of the catalysts is Ba-promoted copper chromate with KOCH₃. The optimum reaction condition is at 180, 61 atm with syngas flowing at 1,000 L/㎏·hr to the reaction mixture of 40 g of copper chromate and 5 g of KOCH₃dispersed in 250 ㏄ of methanol. At this condition, the problem of severe deactivation of the catalytic system by a few ppm of CO₂ has been overcome and the system was stable up to 1 % of CO₂ in the feed gas. The catalytic system was stable when feed gas was syngas generated from coal gasification (HZ/CO=1) with 70% of H₂ conversion at the rate of 6 gmole/㎏·hr. When triglyme was used as a solvent instead of methanol, slight reduction in the rate of reaction was observed. However, the use of triglyme can make the recovery of the product methanol much easier than the methanol solvent system.
이종대,서광선,이충식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2
A clinicopathologic analysis for 88 cases of IgA nephropathy has been carried cut from a series of 333 renal biopsy specimens which were studied at Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, during a period of 54 months from October 1983 to March 1988. The results were as follows: 1. IgA nephropathy was 26.4% of renal biopsy specimens and 30.4% of primary glomerulonephritis. It was common in young adults and 77.3% of patients were between 16 years and 39 years. Male to female ratio was 1.1 : 1. 2. Modified classification of Meadow et al. for Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis was adopted for the histologic grading of glomerular lesions. The result was as follows; Grade I 5.7%, Ⅱ 46.6%, M 45.5%, Ⅳ 1.1%, an V 1.1%. The clinical class was possible in 70 cases; Class B38.6 %, C 61.4%. 97.1% of these. 70 cases were within the histologic Grade Ⅲ. 3. The results of immunofluorescent study were as follows; All cases showed granular mesangial deposits of IgA. Complement 3 was found, in same manner as IgA, in 83 0%, fibrinogen 23.9%, IgM 18.23%, and IgG 3.4%. 10.2% of these cases showed clumps of fluorescent deposits involving the mesangium and continuous loops. 4. Among the chief complaints on admission, gross hematuria was observed in 59.1%, microscopic hematruia 39.8%, and proteinuria 69.3%, including nephrotic range protein uria 6.8%. Along the histologic grading, the frequency of gross hematuria was different, as follows; Grade I 100.0%, Grade Ⅱ 65.9%, and Grade Ⅲ 47.5%. Statistically, these differences were significant(P<0.01) On serologic study, hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 6.7% and level of serum IgA was significantly increased in 27.6%.
이종대,이종욱,박노국,박영효,이태진 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.1
The recovery of Cobalt(Co) and Tungsten Carbide(WC) from refractory scrap using electrolysis in an acid solution is studied. The method of electrochemical decomposition is a simple and economical process. The most important factor in the process of electrochemical decomposition is the component and concentration of electrolyte. The results show that the decomposition yield in sulfuric acid is better than other acid. This method is applicable for industrial process, because the decomposition yield is increased as scrap weight.
李鍾大 서울市立大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.2
A transfer price is the price charged by one decentralized division(profit center) of an organization for a product or service that it supplies to another division of the same organization. To establish a transfer price(transfer pricing) is a system, consisting of a number of techniques, within the Management Control Process(MCP). The MCP has two major objectives -goal congruence and performance evaluation. Transfer Pricing as a integrating mechanism of MCP must support the two major objectives. The general transfer pricing rule based on market price is as follows; TP=Standard Variable Cost(SVC)+Lost Contribution Margin(LCM) In a perfectly competitive market, the transfer price by general rule equals the prevailing market price, which best contributes to MCP objectives. In a slightly inperfectly competitive market, the transfer price is determined by subtracting monetary value of the market imperfection from SVC and becomes adjusted or discount-off market price. Moderately imperfectly competitive market reguires transfer price to be set through two-tiered pricing techniques. In this case, SVC in the general rule must also be adjusted. In a significantly imperfectly competitive market, the transfer price equals to SVC because LCM cannot be determined. Although market-based transfer pricing can be diversified according to the degree of market perfection, it could be argued that there is only one market-based transfer price, prevailing market price, and others are variations. The principal value of the general rule based on market price is that when applied it will lead the organization to a technique that (1) promotes profit maximization in almost all instances, (2) enhances performance evaluation, and (3) is understood easily.