[작곡가 이영조에게 듣는 베토벤의 메시지] 부수지 못할 규칙은 없다. 그리고 끝없이 정진하라 - 베토벤 탄생 250주년. 우리에게 베토벤은 어떤 존재인가

이영조 리음아트앤컴퍼니 2020 월간리뷰 Vol.2020 No.3

디피리다몰 부하 심근관류 SPECT의 장기예후 예측능

이영조,이명철,강위창,이명묵,이동수,정준기,강원준,천기정,장명진 대한핵의학회 2000 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT could predict prognosis, however, long-term follow-up showed change of hazard ratio in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. We investigated how long normal SPECT could predict the benign prognosis on the long-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: We followed up 1169 patients and divided these patients into groups in whom coronary angiography were performed and were not. Total cardiac event rate and hard event rate were predicted using clinical, angiographic and SPECT findings. Predictive values of normal and abnormal SPECT were examined using survival analysis with Mantel-Haenszel method, multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis and newly developed statistical method to test time-invariance of hazard rate and changing point of this rate. Results: Reversible perfusion decrease on myocardial perfusion SPECT predicted higher total cardiac event rate independently and further to angiographic findings. However, myocardial SPECT showed independent but not incremental prognostic values for hard event rate. Hazard ratio of normal perfusion SPECT was changed significantly (p<0.001) and the changing point of hazard rate was 4.4 years of follow up. However, the ratio of abnormal SPECT was not. Conclusion: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT provided independent prognostic information in patients with known and suspected coronary artery disease. Normal perfusion SPECT predicted least event rate for 4.4 years. (Korean J Nucl Med 2000;34:39-54)

다단계 반경-지향 알고리듬을 이용한 Fractionally Spaced 블라인드 등화

이영조,강성진,강창언 한국통신학회 1997 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.22 No.11

본 논문에서는 다단계 반경-지향 알고리듬을 이용한 Fractionally Spaced(FS) 둥화기에 구성한다. Fractionally Spaced 등화기는 수신 신호를 심볼율보다 빠르게 표본화하여 처리하므로 표본화 순간에 민감하지 않는 특성을 갖는다. 다단계 반경-지향 얄고리듬을 적용한 Fractionally Spaced 등화기는 일반적인 블라인드 알고리듬을 적용 한 경우보다 Fractionally Spaced 등화기의 특성을 그대로 유지하연서 빠른 수렴 속도에서나 수렴 후 적은 자승 평균을 갖는다. 또한 여러개의 심볼율 동화기를 독립적으로 동작시키도록 구성된 다중 모델 Fractionally Spaced 블라인드 등화기에 다단계 반경-지향 알고리듬을 적용하면 빠른 수렴 속도를 얻는다. In this paper, the multi-stage radius-directed algorithm is applied to fractionally spaced equalizers which are insensitive to the sampling timing-phase. these equalizers exhibit good convergence characeristics when compared to fractionally spaced blind equalizers using conventional blind algorithms. Also, multi-model fractionally spaced blind equalizers, which use multiple symbol spaced blind equalizers that operate independently, converge faster than conventional fractionally spaced blind equalizers.

브라질의 경제안정화 : 영속적 실패의 정치경제학 Political Economy of Repeated Failures

이영조 서울大學校 스페인中南美硏究所 1991 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.2 No.-

This paper attempts from a political economy perspective to identify the common factors underlying the ineffectiveness of the economic stabilization policies tried under three different political regimes of Brazil : populist, military, and redemocratized. A rather careful examination of the ineffective or abortive stabilization efforts reveals that at least three factors accounted for their failures. First were the political restraints under which the policy-makers had to operate. Of particular relevance to stabilization was the type of political legitimation all three regimes relied much on: instrumental legitimation. All the regimes under discussion tried, among other things, to gain and maintain legitimacy by showing off their instrumentality in achieving the socially valued goods. The populist and redemocratized regimes distributed state patronage to all the politically relevant sectors and classes. The increasing commitments of the state contri-buted to budget deficit, which in turn fueled inflation. The military regime justified itself, among others, on the promise of better economic performance. Instrumental legitimation restricted the mode and scope of antiinflationary policies and the finetuning of the policies in the process of implementation. For example, downsizing of the fat state bureaucracy, reduction of the subsidies and transfers, selloff of inefficient state enterprises were largely outside the policy options under the two democratic regimes. Under the military regime(perhaps under all regimes because the continued state patronage presu-pposed an increasing economic pie), any stabilization policy inimical to economic growth was out of the question. Thus, whenever forced to choose between the alternatives of recession and inflation or stabilization and growth, Brazil consistently chose the first options. Second, in all failures were visible schisms in the dominant bloc concerning the development strategy and the foreign economic relations. Although they were starker in the late populist and the redemocratized regimes, they were there even under the seemingly monolithic military regime. These schisms obviously impaired the policy consistency and the ability to respond in time to the new problems emerging in the course of policy implementation. Third, in all cases of failure the organized interests displayed a common pattern of behavior. Particularly, organized labor and the capitalists were more intent on maintaining and increasing their own share of the economic pie than trying to solve problems through compromises and concession. No doubt, the end result of this distributional struggle was failure of stabilization which exacted more sacrifices than otherwise would. The only exception to the general pattern outlined above was stabilization in the early period of the military rule(1964∼73). Enjoying a degree of "retrospective legitimacy" in reaction to the chaos of the late populist period and largely free, if for a time, from the particular interests of the civil society through coercive political exclusion, the state could implement more effectively stabilization programs more orthodox in their content than any other stabilization program in postwar Brazil. The real test of the military regime's ability and commitment to stabilize occurred only after the Oil Shock and the defeat in the 1974 election changed the political and economic terrain of the country. Faced with a choice of stabilization and inflation, the state opted for inflation with growth at the expense of stabilization with recession.

環境質改善을 위한 環境行政方向

李英祚 경북대학교 법정대학 1986 法大論叢 Vol.24 No.-

The environmental problem which became a social issue since 1960's has now been one of the most serious problems that the human faces. Every nation in the world has tried its best in solving the problem as the Republic of Korea does. However, the Environmental Protection Office of Korea does not seem to act properly against the issue. Thus, this study attempts to search a direction that would provide administrative effectiveness in dealing with the problem. The major reasons of the Korean government's ineffective measures against the environmental problem can be pointed out as follows. First, the policy is mainly regulation-oriented. Second, the absence of environmental administration in the local government. Third, the basic environmental policy is inappropriate. Fourth, the public opinion, the mass media, and residents' initiatives are relatively weak. This study, therefore, devices some plans to supplement the above dificiencies as follows. First, the scope of environmental administration should include the creation of cultural and beautification activities as well as pollution control. Second, the effort should establish such institutions as bureau and department that deal with environmental problems at the local government. Third, consensus building should be respected as a method of policy-making.

단일 이미지 3차원화를 통한 단일 이미지의 시점 변환

이영조,김수연,박민성,김은태 한국ITS학회 2023 한국ITS학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

세계 속 한국어교육 현황 및 연구 동향 연구

이영조 培材大學校 人文科學硏究所 2021 人文論叢 Vol.38 No.-

본 연구에서는 국제교류재단(Korea Foundation)의 통계자료와 기존 연구를 활용하여 세계 속 한국어교육의 현황과 각 지역의 한국어교육 역사를 간략하게 짚어보고, 그동안의 연구 동향을 살피고자 한다. KF 자료에 의하면 2021년 현재 세계 107개국의 1408개 대학에서 한국학 강좌가 운영 중이며, 한국학 관련 교과목을 교양과정으로 제공하는 대학은 899개, 학위 과정을 제공하는 대학은 486에 이른다. 또한 세계 각 지역의 한국어교육 관련 연구 역시 한국어학 연구에서 점차 한국어 어휘, 문법 등 언어지식과 말하기, 쓰기 등의 언어 기능연구, 교재, 교육과정, 교수법, 문화에 이르기까지 연구 범위가 광범위해지며 활발해지고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. In this stusy, the current status of Korean language education in the world and the history of Korean language education in each region are briefly reviewed using statistical data of the Korea Foundation and existing research, and research trends in the past are examined. According to KF data, as of 2021, Korean studies courses are being operated at 1,408 universities in 107 countries around the world. In addition, research related to Korean language education in each region of the world is also actively expanding the scope of research from Korean studies research to language knowledge such as Korean vocabulary and grammar, language function research such as speaking and writing, textbooks, curriculum, teaching methods, and culture. You can see that it is happening.

QAM 시스템에서 다단계 결정-지향 알고리듬을 이용한 블라인드 적응 등화

이영조,조형래,강창언 한국통신학회 1997 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.22 No.11

학습 신호를 사용하지 않고 심볼간의 간섭을 제거하여 전송된 데이터를 복구하는 등화 방법을 블라인드 등화(blind equalization)라 한다. 본 논문에서는 수렴 속도와 정상상태오차를 줄이기 위하여 Sato 알고리듬과 결정-지향 알고리듬의 장점을 동시에 이용하는 다단계 결정-지향 알고리듬을 제안한다. 다단계 결정-지향 알고리듬은 초기 시작 모드에서는 수렴이 보장되는 Sato 알고리듬과 똑같이 동작을 한다. 이 후 등화기가 점점 수렴함에 따라, 블라인드 등화기에서 사용하는 양자화기의 레벨 수를 증가시켜 수렴속도를 빠르게 해준다. 양자화기의 레벨이 완전히 증가하였을 경우 다단계 결정-지향 알고리듬은 수렴 후 자승 평균 오차가 작은 결정-지향 알고리듬과 똑같이 동작하게 된다. 그러므로 다단계 결정-지향 알고리듬은 빠른 수렴 속도를 보이면서도, 정상상태에서 작은 오차값을 갖는다. Adaptive channel equalization complished without resorting to a training sequence is known as blind equalization. In this paper, in order to increase the speed of the convergence and to reduce the steady-state mean squared error simulatneously, we propose the multi-stage DD(decision-direct) algorithm derived from the combination of the Sato algorithm and the decision-directed algorithm. In the starting stage, the multi-stage DD algorithm is identical to the Sato algorithm which guarantees the convergence of the equalizer. As the blind equalizer converges, the number of the level of the quantizers is increased gradally, so that the proposed algorithm operates identical to the decision-directed algorithm which leads to the low error power after the convergence. Therefore, the multi-stage DD algorithm obtains fast convergence rate and low steady state mean squared error.

政府間의 財源調整을 위한 稅源移轉에 관한 分析

李英祚 釜山大學校行政大學院地方行政硏究所 1989 地方과行政硏究 Vol.1 No.1

우리 나라 環境影響評價制度에 關한 考察

李英祚,金相榮 경북대학교 법정대학 1983 法大論叢 Vol.21 No.-