共同不法行爲理論의 修正動向 : 公害와 自動車事故를 中心으로

이영환 釜山大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

기사명 醫療裁判에 있어서 鑑定制度의 役割과 그 矛盾点 및 改善方案에 관한 硏究 = : 의료재판에 있어서 감정제도의 역할과 그 모순점 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

이영환 부산대학교 법학연구소 1996 법학연구 Vol.37 No.1

腦死와 臟器移植에 관한 民事法的 考察 : 뇌사와 장기이식에 관한 민사법적 고찰

이영환 부산대학교 법학연구소 1993 법학연구 Vol.34 No.1

염산피밤피실린의 마이크로캅셀에 관한 약제학적 연구

이영환,이완하,지웅길,김상린 한국약제학회 1985 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.15 No.2

Pivampicillin hydrochloride is a kind of broad spectrum antibiotics with bactericidal action, and is used in many countries, although it has bitter taste, unpleasant odour and side effects of irritating gastric mucosa, nausea, penicillin allergy, etc. For the improvement of such side effects of pivampicillin hydrochloride, microcapsules, with wall of ethylcellulose, have been prepared by coacervation method. The shape was observed through the scanning electron microscope, the release of the drug into an aqueous medium was studied and the effects of core: ethylcellulose ratio were interpreted as well as making sensory evaluation of taste and odour. There was decreasing trend in dissolution rate of the drug with the increase of core: ethylcellulose ratios, and the smaller microcapsules released their contents more rapidly. A linear relationship was established between the amount of ethylcellulose and the time for 60% release of the drug, and the release pattern was found to have similar characteristics to the release of the drug from an insoluble porous matrix. The release of the drug in the artificial intestinal fluids (pH 6.8) was found to be similar to that in water, while the release in the artificial gastric juice (pH 1.2) was slightly slower. Bioavailability of microcapsule was compared with that of pivampicillin hydrochloride in rabbits using serum concentration and urinary excretion measurements. Microcapsule gave showed slightly higher serum level than pivampicillin hydrochloride from 2 hours after administration, while no significant difference was observed in the accumulated urinary excretion rate between pivampicillin hydrochloride and microcapsule. The ulcer index of pivampicillin hydrochloride administered group was 2.6, and microcapsule administered group was 1.5, while control group was 0.8. Therefore it may be concluded that microencapsulation of pivampicillin hydrochloride is a useful pharmaceutical approach to protect the gastrointestinal tract from being injured by direct contact of pivampicillin hydrochloride without any significant difference of bioavailability.

공익법인의 효율적 관리방안에 대한 연구

이영환 한국의정연구회 2014 의정논총 Vol.9 No.1

A public-service corporation refers to a non-profit corporation founded so as to operate a public service with the permission of a competent authority related to the business. A public-service corporation is differentiated from a profit-making corporation in that it aims at public interest and from a non-profit corporation in that it aims at profits of unspecified individuals. Public-service corporations belong to the category of non-profit corporation, and yet not all non-profit corporation comes under public-service corporations. A public-service corporation may have a possibility to be abused as a means of avoidance of tax and inheritance of wealth in the name of the promotion of public interest, which may cause a problem in the equity of taxation because of a lack of reasonable and post-management. First, Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax Act provide a list of public utilities that are the targets of tax benefits. This enumeration method of the ordinance has a merit that it can clearly designate the scope of public utilities, but it has a problem in that it is difficult to flexibly correspond to the designation of a new public utility. Such an enumeration method of ordinance may be effective for the cases with small social changes, high government professionalism and a small scale of the financial business, but otherwise, it is difficult to expect effectiveness. In addition, since existing supervisory institutions for public-service corporations are selected as competent authorities supervising public interest activities, the regulatory periods cannot but be diversified depending on the kind of the public interest activities. Thus, even if the same criteria apply to the same issue, there is a possibility of causing a problem of fairness if each competent authority does it differently. Therefore, unified verification or administration/supervision should be carried out according to the designation of public-service corporation and an independent organization to investigate and manage public-service corporations should be established considering fairness between the public-service corporations. Second, Japan carries out taxation of the relevant corporation differently according to the degree of its public interest. It is judged that South Korea, too, should tax non-profit corporations differently according to the degree of their public interest like Japan rather than apply the same taxation system to them so as to meet the intention of the introduction of tax benefits to the taxation of public-service corporations and tax equity. 공익법인이 공익성 도모를 명분으로 조세회피와 부의 세습수단으로 악용될 가능성과 과세의 형평성에 문제가 있다는 지적을 받고 있다. 이러한 지적을 받는 이유는 제도의 불비(합리적이지 못하고, 체계적이지 못한 사후관리의 부족 등)에서 그 원인을 찾을 수 있다. 공익법인에 대한 설립허가는 일정한 기준이 없을 뿐만 아니라, 주무관청마다 다르고, 설립이 되면 특별한 사유가 없는 한 동일한 세제혜택을 받게 된다. 그러다 보니 이러한 논쟁에서 자유롭지 못하게 된다. 공익법인 관련 사후관리는 공익법인의 설립과 건전한 발전 그리고 공익을 위한 활동을 최대한 보장할 수 있어야 된다. 본고에서는 다음과 같은 근본적인 개선방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 공익법인에 대한 관리·감독기관은 공익활동을 주관하는 주무관청이므로 공익활동의 종류에 따라 규제기관이 다원화될 수밖에 없다. 그리고 동일 사안에 대해 동일 기준을 적용하더라도 주무관청에 따라 다르게 적용될 수 있다. 따라서 공익법인 지정에 따른 검증이나 관리·감독을 통일적으로 수행하고, 공익법인 간의 형평성을 고려하여 공익법인을 검증·관리할 수 있는 독립적인 기구를 신설할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 공익법인의 공익활동은 그 자체가 외부경제를 생산하는 일종의 공공재이다. 공공재의 효율적 생산은 외부편익의 크기에 따라 세제혜택의 크기가 결정되어야 한다. 지금처럼 동일한 세제혜택으로는 효율적인 생산을 달성할 수 없다. 따라서 일본의 경우처럼 공익성의 유무와 정도에 따라 공익법인에 대한 차별적인 과세체계를 마련하는 것이 공익법인의 건전한 발전을 위해 필요하다.

용융가압함침공정으로 제조된 TiC 세라믹 입자 강화 철강복합재의 염수환경에서의 부식 특성

이영환,고성민,신상민,조승찬,김양도,김정환,이상관,이상복 한국복합재료학회 2020 Composites research Vol.33 No.5

In this study, TiC ceramic particulate reinforced steel composites was fabricated using a liquid pressing infiltration process. Studies were conducted on microstructure analysis and basic physical properties such as hardness and corrosion characteristics in salt water environment for comparison with commercial nodular cast iron. As a result of comparison of corrosion characteristics in a salt water environment, both corrosion potential and corrosion current density were lower than that of ductile graphite cast iron. The lower calculated corrosion rate confirms that the TiC-Fe metal composite has superior corrosion resistance than the cast iron. 본 연구에서는 용융가압함침공정을 이용하여 제조된 TiC 세라믹 입자강화 철강복합재를 제조하고 상용구상흑연주철과 비교를 위하여 미세조직 분석 및 경도 등 기초물성과 선박 해양 분야등의 적용가능성 검토를 위하여 염수환경에서의 부식 특성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 염수환경에서의 부식특성 비교 결과 구상흑연주철 대비 부식전위와 부식전류밀도 모두 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 낮은 연간부식률을 통하여 TiC-Fe 금속복합재의 내식성이 더 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다.

구성주의 유아과학프로그램이 창의성 및 문제해결력에 미치는 효과

이영환,김연옥 한국영재학회 2004 영재교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 구성주의 유아과학프로그램을 만 5세의 유아에게 일정기간 동안 경험하게 한 다음 그러한 경험이 유아의 창의성과 문제해결력에 긍정적 인 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 함이다. 이를 위해 만 5세 유아 39명을 대상으 로 구성주의 유아과학프로그램이 창의성과 문제해결력에 효과가 있는지 알아 본 결과 본 구성주의 유아과학프로그램을 경험한 유아들은 일반 유아교육기관 의 과학프로그램을 경험한 유아들보다 창의성, 과학적 문제해결력이 향상되었 으며 성별에 따른 차이 없이 모두 창의성과 문제해결력이 향상되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 구성주의 유아과학 프로그램은 유아의 창의성과 문제해결력을 신장시키기 위해 보다 적절하다고 할 수 있다.

유아를 단계별 목공활동교수모형 개발과 그효과

이영환,원은실 韓國木材工學會 2008 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

공공부분 정보시스템 아웃소싱 거래비용 분석

이영환,홍준형 서울행정학회 2008 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.19 No.2

Information outsourcing had great accomplishments such as application of professional technologies in private sector and improvement of service quality, while it was thought to have resulted in many internal management problems. This research use transaction cost theory to compare and analyze transaction cost and cause of transaction cost in information system outsourcing. Operation and maintenance of e-trade service and customs office were chosen as subject of this research, and transaction cost was analyzed. For e-trade service, complexity of work and complexity of system were main cause of transaction cost, when they established business plans, reviewed program proposals, and adjusted changes. For maintenance and operation in Customs Office, major cause of transaction cost were environmental uncertainty, legal factors, and security when they confirmed the business, wrote an RFP, reviewed RFP, and estimated expected cost. This research has theoretical significance because it analyzed relationship between transaction attribute and transaction cost, and also political significance because it proposed the way to lower transaction cost in information system outsourcing.

공공부분 정보시스템 아웃소싱의 거래비용 분석

이영환 서울행정학회 2008 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-