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저항성 운동이 성장기 흰쥐의 골밀도 및 골강도에 미치는 영향
이상직,김형렬,이기철,권태동 한국운동과학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.1
이상직, 김형렬, 이기철, 권태동 저항성 운동이 성장기 흰쥐의 골밀도 및 골강도에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제13권 제1호, 1-14, 2004. 본 실험에서는 흰쥐의 대퇴골 및 경골 골밀도 및 골강도에 미치는 저항성운동(resistance exercise)의 효과를 연구하기 위하여 8주령된 CD계 수컷 흰쥐 21마리를 resistance(RT), sham(Sham), 그리고 sedentary(Sed)의 3집단으로 나누었다. 이 실험의 운동방법은 인간의 스쿼트운동과 유사한 동물용 resistance 운동기구를 개발하여 흰쥐에 부하하였다.. 운동프로그램은 1일 45~50분 동안 1RM의 65~75% 스쿼터운동을 주 3~4일 동안 부하하였고 과부하의 원리에 의해 무게를 점진적으로 증가시키는 방법으로 구성되었다. 그 결과, 경골의 건조중량은 RT집단이 Sed집단에 비해서 각각 10%, 24% 정도 높았다. 또한 경골의 골밀도는 7% 증가하였다. RT집단의 대퇴골경부 및 골간의 골밀도는 다른2집단과 비교하여 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 대퇴골경부 (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) 및 골간(r = 0.54, p < 0.02)에서 골강도(maximum breaking force)와 골밀도 사이에 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 저항성운동이 성장기 흰쥐의 하지골밀도를 증가시키며 그에 따른 골강도도 강화시킨다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에 이용된 운동프로그램은 앞으로 운동과 골대사에 관한 연구에 많이 이용되리라 사료된다. Lee, S.J., Klm, H.R., Lee, K.C., Kwon, T.D. Effects of resistance exercise training on bone mineral density and mechanical strength in growing male rats. Exercise Science, 13(1): 1-14, 2004. Effects of resistance exercise training on bone mineral density and mechanical strength in growing male rats. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats, eight week of age, were assigned randomly to resistance training, sham training, and to a sedentary groups to study the effects of resistance exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength of the hindlimb bone. A new resistance training apparatus that induces rats to perform motions analogous to human resistance training was designed for this study. Resistance training consisted of squatting at 65~75% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 45~50 min/day and 3~4 days/week with a progressively increased load. After 12 week of training, the total muscle and the tibia dry weight/body weight were 10%, and 24% heavier, respectively, than those of the sedentary rats. Similarly, the tibia bone diameter was 7% greater. A significantly increased femoral neck and midshaft BMD was observed in the resistance tained rats compared with the other groups. The correlation coefficient between maximum breaking force and BMD revealed positive relationships in the femoral neck (r=0.59, p < 0.01) and midshaft (r=0.54, p < 0.02). These results indicate that resistance exercise training enhances the mechanical strength by increasing bone mass of a growing rat.
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Malachite Green 유도체의 합성과 항균성에 관한 연구
이상직,김종대,최재환,한성욱,Lee, Sang-Jik,Kim, Jong-Dae,Choi, Jae-Hwan,Han, Sung-Wook 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.4
Malachite green derivatives bearing methyl, methoxy, hydroxyl and amino group were synthesized by the condensation reaction of N,N-dimethylanilin with substituted benzaldehydes. The yield of malachite green derivatives increased with addition of urea as an additive. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of those compounds were evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration by the dilution method. It was observed that the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the malacite green derivatives bearing electron-releasing substituents was stronger than that of the unsubstituted malachite green. From this result, it was concluded that the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of malachite green derivatives has a direct relationship with the electronic effect of the substituents. Malachite green에 $CH_3-$, $CH_3O-$, HO-, $NH_2-$ 기 등이 도입된 유도체를 합성하고, 이들의 항균성을 그람 음성균과 그람 양성균을 각각 2종, 진균 1종에 대하여 조사하였다. 즉, 이 유도체들은 진균에 대해 가장 강한 항균성을 나타내었고, 그람 음성균보다 그람 양성균에 대해 보다 강한 항균성을 보였다. 또한, malachite green 유도체의 치환기가 항균력에 영향을 주는 현상을 보였다. 즉, 전자를 밀어 주는 기일수록 더 센 항균력을 나타내었다. 이 결과로부터 malachite green 유도체에서 치환기의 전자효과와 항균성 사이에는 직접적인 연관성이 있음이 추측된다.
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Whitehead's Symbolism of God and Its Implication to Religious Education
이상직 한국기독교교육정보학회 2006 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.9
This study is an effort to interpret the methodological structure of symbolism in the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, and apply it to our understanding of religious experiences in terms of the symbolism of God. Symbolism, here, is an mental and physical activities of all beings, especially of human beings, to connect the world we know in everyday life with the controlling presence of the other realities within the experiences: It is a double movement, on the one hand, a regressive movement from the known to the unknown, on the other hand, a progressive movement from the known to the new. Thus symbolism is an endeavor both to find the ontological truth and to construct the intentional truth. It involves both inter-subjective world of subconsciousness and subjective world of consciousness: It includes experiences of both body and mind. Traditionally theology tends to pay attention to solely our religious consciousness and doctrines, the constructive side of our symbolic activities. However this tendency is to be corrected. The binding bond between the self and its surrounding including the ultimate reality must be apprehended. Life begins with the gift and grace which are the foundations religious experiences. It goes further growing up until it reaches the image of God. Whitehead's analysis of symbolism corresponds with the educational process of human beings. For Whitehead the symbolism of God includes both bodily and mental activities which disclose the double structure of life based on forgiveness and grace on the one hand, on sanctification and sacrifice on the other hand. The symbol gives rise to thought, at the same time it goes on a voyage to homecoming. This study attempts to explicate some implications of Whitehead's religious symbolism to religious education.
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