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소아 신질환에서 요 β₂-Microgloburin치와 사구체여과율 및 인산세뇨관재흡수율과의 상관관계
이한영,신재훈,김창렬,이우길 대한신장학회 1987 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.6 No.1
Urinary B2-microglobulin Q4-MG) was measured and compared the correlation between that and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or tubular reabsorption of phos- phate (TRP$gt; in 72 patients with various renal diseases who were admitted to Hanyang University Hospital from January 1984 to March 1986. As a control group, the urinary B2-MG and GFR and TRP in 24 patients hospitalized due to other diseases (exclude known renal diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and malignancies) during the same period were also measured. The results were as follows: 1) The mean levels of urinary B2-MG were 225.4±41. 7 mg/24 hr in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 192.7±36.6 pg/24 hr in nephrotic syndrome, and 241. 5±59.4 pg/24 hr in urinary tract infection which were markedly increased over that of control group (90.1±10. 1 pg/24 hr), (p=0.003, 0.003 and 0.012, respectively). 2) The GFR and TRP were not significant difference between renal diseases and control groups. 3) The urinary B2-MG levels enal diseases and control groups were not correlated with GFR or TRP.
EU 개인정보 역외이전 규제의 GATS 양립성이 국내 상호주의 법안에 주는 정책 시사점
이한영 한국국제통상학회 2019 국제통상연구 Vol.24 No.1
Being inspired by the adequacy test in EU GDPR, a reciprocity provision on overseas transfer of personal data in online services is stipulated both in ‘Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, etc.’ going into effect this March, and amendment bill of ‘Personal Information Protection Act’ pending in National Assembly. It runs counter to common sense in that GATS requires MFN treatment as a general obligation. That question has motivated this paper to probe into trade issues and policy suggestions over the reciprocity provision by analyzing consistency of EU’s adequacy test with GATS. Research results are summarized as follows. EU’s adequacy test is not free from the infringement of GATS non-discrimination obligations. Whereas it seeks no explicit nationality-based distinction, it still could be treated as a measure discriminating between like services or service suppliers, depending on occasion. However, EU affords to make use of GATS Article XIV(general exceptions) as a defense mechanism against such a violation, since the adequacy test is formalized as a compliance measure. In contrast, Korea’s reciprocity provision is unambiguously a measure of nationality-based distinction discriminating between like online services or service suppliers. Not to mention, there exists no room to think of it as a compliance measure. In this context, it requires forward-looking modifications, including revision of the provision title written as ‘reciprocity’, preparation of sophisticated policy responses to cope with nationality-based distinction, and substantiating requirements and procedures for overseas transfer of personal data. 금년 3월 시행 예정인 정보통신망법과 현재 국회 계류 중인 개인정보보호법 개정안은 EU 개인정보보호법 상의 적정성심사에 착안해 온라인서비스 분야의 개인정보 국외이전에 대한 상호주의 적용을 동일하게 명시하고 있다. 상식적으로 이는 최혜국대우를 일반적 의무로 규정한 GATS에 정면 배치된다. 이에 본고는 EU 적정성심사의 GATS 양립성 분석 결과에 기초해 국내의 상호주의 적용 규정의 통상쟁점 및 개선방향을 제시하고자 했다. 분석 결과는 EU 적정성심사조차도 GATS 비차별대우 의무에 저촉될 가능성이 없지 않음을 보여준다. 동 적정성심사가 명시적으로 국적에 따른 구분을 시도하지 않음에도 불구하고, 경우에 따라 동종 서비스(공급자)를 차별하는 조치로 간주될 여지가 없지 않기 때문이다. 하지만 동 적정성심사가 이행조치로서의 형식을 갖추고 있기 때문에 EU는 GATS 제XIV조(일반적 예외)를 그에 대한 방어기재로 활용할 여지를 갖고 있다. 이와 대조적으로 국내 상호주의 적용 규정은 명백하게 국적을 기준으로 온라인서비스 분야의 동종 서비스(공급자)를 구분・차별하는 조치에 해당되며, 이행조치로 볼만한 여지도 전혀 없다. 이러한 맥락에서 국내법(안) 상의 상호주의 적용 규정에 대한 전향적 대응이 시급해 보인다. 특히, ‘상호주의’로 명시된 조문 제목은 지양되어야 하며, 국적 구분에 대한 정교한 대응책 마련, 개인정보 국외이전을 위한 요건 및 절차의 구체화 등이 필요하다.
Application of Ball-Milled Powder Mixture to Intermetallics Coating Through Reaction Synthesis
이한영,Tae-Jun Kim,Yong-Jae Cho 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.6
The application of ball-milling for reactant powders to improve the intermetallic coating reaction was examined. Ni-50 at.% Al powder compacts milled at three different ball-to-powder weight ratios in a planetary mill were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and coated onto mild steel through the reaction synthesis in a hot press. The effects of ball-milling on the coating reaction in the hot press were compared with those in the reaction synthesis in DSC. The experimental results show that the particle size of the elemental powders was decreased by ball-milling, and that the coating reaction in the hot press was enhanced by ball-milling for the reactant powders, unlike the reaction synthesis in DSC. This improvement was attributed to the increase in the density of the reactant compact by the load applied during the reaction.
Nickel Aluminides Coating on Aluminum Substrate Using a Reaction Synthesis Process
이한영,김건영 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.1
Nickel aluminide coatings have been deposited onto an aluminum substrate using a reaction synthesis processat a reaction temperature of 928 K. In this research, the microstructural changes of the intermetalliccoating layer were investigated according to the reaction time in a hot press. Afterward, sliding wear behaviorsof the coating layer were evaluated in comparison with those of the coating layer deposited onto ferrousmaterial at a similar conditions. As a result, the reaction synthesis of nickel aluminide coatings onto an aluminumsubstrate occurred slowly and incompletely through a diffusion reaction. A coating with a high hardness wasformed on the aluminum substrate after a reaction time in excess of 30 minutes. Additionally, the wear propertiesof the coating were comparable with those of the coating on ferrous materials. Furthermore, a NiAl3 layer wasformed at the interface between the coating layer and the aluminum substrate, thereby potentially contributing tothe enhancement of the adhesion quality.
이한영,배지훈,장승환 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.8
The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate driving strain history of a dynamic cell culture device for inducing accelerated cell differentiation. Silicone rubber film is an electroactive polymer and was used as a flexible cell stimulator to transfer mechanical strains to developing cells. Mechano-regulation theory with a deviatoric strain was used to estimate tissue differentiation under strain conditions during iterative calculations by means of finite element analysis. Various driving strain histories comprising 4%, 5%, and 6% strains were introduced to determine the correlation between the strain history and the development of cell phenotypes. The simulation results revealed that driving strain conditions mainly comprising low levels of strain (4%) provided appropriate conditions for differentiating mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts.