‘문명화’와 ‘동화’ 사이에서 주체되기: 근대 동아시아에서 르봉 수용과 이광수의 민족개조론

이경미(LEE Kyung Mi) 한국국제정치학회 2021 國際政治論叢 Vol.61 No.1

이 글의 목적은 이광수의 ‘민족개조론’이 귀스타브 르봉(Gustave Le Bon)의 ‘민족심리학’을 어떻게 수용했는지 살펴봄으로써 그의 논리체계가 갖는 독창적인 함의를 밝히는 데 있다. 식민지 조선의 사상을 알기 위해서는 그를 둘러싼 ‘복합적인 연쇄구도’를 알아야 한다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 우선 르봉의 이론이 근대 동아시아에 전파된 과정을 살펴봤다. 특히 일본을 중심으로 번역이 이루어졌지만 그 양상은 복합적이었다는 점, 그리고 근대 동아시아에 있어 르봉의 수용은 ‘내셔널리즘’과 결부된 특징을 가지고 있었다는 점을 지적했다. 다음으로 3장에서는 민족개조론의 르봉 수용이 갖는 독창성을 일본에서 수용된 상황과 비교를 통해 밝혀냈다. 이광수는 민족성을 ‘근본적인 것’과 ‘부속적인 것’으로 나눈 르봉의 구분을 전유함으로써, 비서구사회의 ‘문명화’를 부정하는 르봉의 이론을 반박하는 동시에 이민족의 ‘동화’를 비판하는 르봉의 주장을 그대로 살려냈다. 즉 민족성의 변화를 ‘긍정’하는 동시에 ‘부정’하는 ‘모순적인 과제’를 하나의 텍스트 안에서 수행했던 것이다. 이는 ‘문명화’와 ‘동화’라는 상반된 과제를 ‘공존’시키는 언설행위였지만, 양자 사이에서 민족의 ‘주체화’라는 공통된 과제를 수행한 것이기도 했다. 그런 의미에서 본고는 이광수의 르봉 수용이라는 문제를 ‘내셔널리즘’이라는 프리즘으로 재조명했다. This paper examines the process how Lee Kwangsu accepted Gustave Le Bon’s theory in colonial Korea. He translated part of Le Bon’s book, The Psychology of People and appropriate his theory to apply for his colonial situation. In order to understand intellectuals in colonial Korea, we must know the “complex chain of thoughts” surrounding them. Therefore, I first examined how Le Bon’s theory was spread to modern East Asia, especially Japan, China and Korea. Through this process, I tried to reveal not only the complex structure but also the linkage between Le Bon’s theory and nationalism in modern East Asia. Second, I described how Lee Kwangsu’s On the National Reconstruction (Minjok Gaejoron) accepted Le Bon’s theory. Comparing with the situation in Japan, he made a different conclusion from Le Bon, using the distinction of nationality as “fundamental” and “adjunctive”. In other words, unlike Le Bon’s interpretation to emphasize the invariability of the fundamental nationality, he argued that the adjunctive nationality is easy to change. His appropriation of Le Bon’s logic was to transform his conclusion to deny the “civilization” of the non-European nation. At the same time, however, Lee inherited Le Bon’ criticism against the “assimilation” of nation. In this respect, Lee’s article had a “originality”, that was not seen in Japan, as a nationalistic discourse in colonial situations. He aimed to establish Korean nation as a “subject or Juche” in it’s contradictory task between “civilization” and “assimilation”.

도서관 플러스 - 뉴저지주립도서관(New Jersey State Library) : 도서관을 통해 사람과 정보를 연결하다

이경미,Lee, Gyeong-Mi 한국도서관협회 2014 圖協會報 Vol.55 No.10

아이들과 함께 마시는 우유

이경미,Lee, Gyeong-Mi 한국유가공협회 1990 牛乳 Vol.42 No.-

2천년대의 의무기록의 과제와 전망

이경미,Lee, Gyeong-Mi 대한병원협회 1989 대한병원협회지 Vol.18 No.11

복부 가열 패드를 부착한 상의 베이스 레이어의 여유량에 따른 인체 반응

이경미,홍경희,이예진,Lee, Gyeongmi,Hong, Kyunghi,Lee, Yejin 한국의류학회 2017 한국의류학회지 Vol.41 No.4

To figure out an appropriate pressure level for a body warming base layer, human responses were observed when the pattern reduction of base layers varied. Under the condition of $2^{\circ}C$, 60% RH, 0.1m/s, ten male subjects participated in the experiment with four sizes of experimental vests where heating pads were attached. The subjective evaluations of the heating vests with different sizes were reported using 7 or 9 point scales. We simultaneously observed chest, abdomen and scapula skin temperatures and microclimate humidity. It was found that the tight pattern as in the case of A or B provided a warmer subjective sensation and skin temperature than C or D; however, there were no differences in skin temperature at the chest. Eventually, the chest temperature decreased after about 30 mins of heating; however, temperature of abdomen increased and indicated that heating with two commercial pads used was inadequate for whole body warming. The pressure sensation of 'tight' was improved after warming the abdomen in a cold environment. Overall, the gaps beyond the original circumference of the abdomen, as in C or D, were not desirable for the local heating of abdomen under the conditions of this experiment where walking was included in the protocol. The experiment garment B with nude waist circumference was the best, and D with the largest ease, was the worst for a comfortable warming vest.

라인 레이저 기반 3차원 스캐너에서 투영을 이용한 고속 3D 메쉬 생성

이경미,유훈,Lee, Kyungme,Yoo, Hoon 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3

본 논문은 라인 레이저 기반 3차원 스캐너에서 투영을 이용한 고속 메쉬 생성 방법을 제안한다. 3차원 공간에서의 메쉬를 생성하기 위한 가장 알려진 방법은 3차원의 점을 4차원으로 변환하고 4차원 컨벡스 헐(convex hull)을 구축하는 방법을 활용한다. 이런 방법은 많은 수의 점 데이터를 가지는 3D 스캔 결과에서는 메쉬를 만들 때 시간이 많이 요구된다. 제안하는 방법에서는 라인 레이저 스캐너에서 중간에 얻어지는 (${\theta}$, y, z)축의 점 정보를 투영하여 얻어진 (${\theta}-y$) 2차원 깊이 지도를 메쉬 생성에 활용한다. 제안된 방법은 2D 영역에서 수행되기 때문에 메쉬를 구성하는 시간이 상당히 단축된다. 제안하는 방법을 평가하기 위해서 라인 레이저 기반 스캐너의 중간 데이터를 이용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존방법보다 고속 메시 생성에서 우수함을 보여준다. This paper presents a fast 3D mesh generation method using projection for line laser-based 3D scanners. The well-known method for 3D mesh generation utilizes convex hulls for 4D vertices that is converted from the input 3D vertices. This 3D mesh generation for a large set of vertices requires a lot of time. To overcome this problem, the proposed method takes (${\theta}-y$) 2D depth map into account. The 2D depth map is a projection version of 3D data with a form of (${\theta}$, y, z) which are intermediately acquired by line laser-based 3D scanners. Thus, our 2D-based method is a very fast 3D mesh generation method. To evaluate our method, we conduct experiments with intermediate 3D vertex data from line-laser scanners. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing method in terms of mesh generation speed.

출생 후 혈청내 홍역 특히 IgG의 변동

이경미,윤강철,김선준,조수철,김정수,Lee, Kyeong Mee,Yoon, Kang Cheol,Kim, Sun Jun,Cho, Soo Chul,Kim, Jung Soo 대한소아감염학회 1996 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.3 No.2

Purpose : The incidence of measles was gradually decreased since 1963 when measles vaccination was firstly developed and liscenced in the world. But, recently the outbreaks of measles in infants and school children have been reported despite of wide spread use of measles vaccination. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of measles vaccination and the necessity of revaccination in Korean infants and children. Methods : 168 subjects of mothers and neonates, infants and children were enrolled in this study during the periods of 10 months from March to December in 1995. Measles specific IgG in the sera of mothers and children was measured using EIA kit (Sigma Co., MO, USA). Antibody titer of over or equal to 110 AU/ml was considered positive. Results : The results obtained were as follows. 1) Values of measles specific IgG in the sera of mother and neonate were 82.9 AU/ml and 89.3 AU/ml respectively and were rapidly decreased within 6 month after birth. Positive antibody levels (${\geq}$ 110 AU/ml) were observed in only 25 % of neonates. 2) In vaccinated children, values of measles specific IgG were 117.4 AU/ml in 9~15 month group, 76.9 AU/ml in 3~6 year group and 79.5 AU/ml in 10~15 year group after either one or two times of measles vaccination. Positive antibody levels in vaccinated children were observed in 57.7% of 9~15 month group, 38.4% of 3~6 year group and 34.7% of 10~15 year group. Conclusion : These results suggest that primary measles vaccination before 6 months of age can be considered and revaccination of measles should be recommended before 3~6 years of age. Further studies will be needed to clarify the reasons of high proportion of primary measles vaccination failure and to established the appropriate schedule of measles vaccination in korean infants and children.

보행환경 인식이 보행환경 만족도 및 건강증진 기대효과에 미치는 영향 - 건강 목적의 공원 이용자를 대상으로 -

이경미,이우성,정성관,장철규,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Lee, Woo-Sung,Jung, Sung-Gwan,Jang, Cheol-Kyu 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 대구광역시 수성구의 근린공원을 대상으로 건강 유지 및 증진 목적 공원 이용자들의 보행환경 인식이 보행환경 만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 건강증진 기대효과와의 관계성을 분석하였다. 먼저, 보행환경 인식을 평가한 결과, '완만한 경사'가 가장 높은 평가를 받아 공원까지 접근로의 경사가 완만하여 보행하는데 큰 불편함이 없는 것으로 인식하고 있었으며, '혐오요소가 많음', '장애물이 많음', '이륜차의 위험성' 등 보행안전과 관련된 항목들의 평가가 낮게 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 보행환경 인식 요소들이 보행환경 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 단계적 회귀분석을 수행한 결과, '공기의 쾌적성', '주변경관의 아름다움', '보도의 연속성', '다양한 볼거리', '나무그늘 제공', '혐오요소가 많음' 등 6개 인식 요소들이 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 수목식재로 쾌적한 대기환경 및 녹음을 제공하고, 가로환경 정비를 통해 혐오요소를 제거해야 한다. 또한 아름다운 경관 조성과 다양한 볼거리 요소를 도입하고, 보도의 연결성을 높이는 등의 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 거주지에서 공원까지의 보행환경 만족도와 건강증진 기대효과의 관계성을 분석한 결과, 보행환경에 만족할수록 공원 이용이 늘어나고, 더 나아가 신체적, 정신적 건강증진 기대효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception factors of a pedestrian environment that affect pedestrian environment satisfaction(PES) and determine the relationship between PES and the expected effects of health promotion. The targeted areas of study are neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. First, regarding the results for the evaluation of pedestrian environment perception, 'Gentle slope' was rated the highest, while factors regarding pedestrian safety such as 'Lots of unpleasant elements', 'Risk from biking and motorcycling' and 'Many obstacles on sidewalks' were rated low. A stepwise regression analysis showed that factors such as 'Fresh air', 'Beautiful scenery', 'Continuity of the sidewalks', 'Various attractions', 'The shade of trees' and 'Lots of unpleasant elements' influenced the PES. Therefore, creating fresh air and shade trees by planting trees and removing unpleasant elements from pedestrian areas are important. Also, it is necessary to cultivate beautiful scenery and attractions through street improvement and improve the continuity of the sidewalks. Finally, in terms of path analysis, PES influenced the frequency of park use, the expected effects of physical and mental health promotion both directly and indirectly.

고려중기 혜조국사(慧照國師)의 대북송(對北宋) 교류(交流)와 전륜장(轉輪藏) 도입

이경미,Lee, Kyung-Mee 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.6

This paper aims at studying on the medium of cultural interchange regarding who did and how to introduced the new trend of architecture during the period of Koryo Dynasty. Before the era of Koryo Dynasty, Kyungjang(Sutra Pitaka, 經藏) was mainly centered in Kyeongnu with a substantial function of storage. In the early Koryo Dynasty, however, Daejangjeon(大藏殿), which was spatialized for worship, began to appear. Normally, fixed walls were installed and the Sutras were enshrined inside Daejangjeon, while Jeonryunjang (revolving wheel sutras), a type of rational bookshelf, was introduced, and a new trend became developed in Kyungjang construction. Jeonryunjang(revolving wheel sutras, 轉輪藏) is a dharma instrument with a rotational function so that one revolution gives an effect of reading the enshrined Sutra one time, and began to be created actively in the period of the Northern Song. It is considered that the introduction of Jeonryunjang(revolving wheel sutras) to Daejangjeon was resulted from Haejokuksa(慧照國師) Damjin(曇眞) who visited the Kangnam areas in the Northern Song at that time. The Kangjeol areas in the Northern Song, where Damjin concentratively itinerated three times, were the place in which Jeonryunjang was created in many temples. Since Damjin, historical materials and excavated data regarding constructing Jeonryunjang have been discovered in the Buddhist temples, which are related to his pupils and dharma lineage. The only existing Jeonryunjang of Yongmusa Temple in Korea is the one that Joeung Daesunsa, who succeeded to the dharma lineage of Haesokuksa, promoted, and supports strongly such introduction of Jeonryunjang by Haesokuksa.

기문(記文)으로 본 세조(世祖)연간 왕실원찰(王室願刹)의 전각평면과 가람배치

이경미,Lee, Kyung-Mee 한국건축역사학회 2009 건축역사연구 Vol.18 No.5

The study on Buddhism architecture in early Joseon dynasty was inactive. The period of King Sejo is important for studying the trend of Buddhism architecture in early Joseon, that was transmitted from the end of Goryeo dynasty, but it was difficult to know its exact situation due to lack of related records. The records were all written by Kim Su-ohn, which are Wongaksabi' 'Sangwonsajungchanggi' 'Bongseonsagi 'Geonginsajungchanggi'. The main hall was mainly second floor and there were necessarily annexed buildings at the right and left of the main hall. So the plane figure of $\Box\Box\Box$ was shown. It was a main stream for main hall. This layout may be referred to search for the origin of the layout in courtyard based structure(中庭形) in the late Joseon dynasty. Most of temples had 3 gates. Some part of horizontal corridor was used as 2 gates and the outer gate, far from main hall, was without corridor. The gate leading to front yard of main hall was called front gate, the next middle gate and the outer gate was Oisamun(外沙門) or Samun(沙門). Im most of the temples, people could enter into the front yard through pavilion which had the function of bell tower. The pavilions were located between front gate and first corridor. It is thought that this layout of the place for making bean curd outside the temple area will contribute to different studies on temples making bean cure in the future. The records about temples's foundation studied above are a little different between temples, but have more similarities. There common denominators represent the architecture tendency of Buddhist temples in the related period. It is thought that such a tendency was also shown on architecture of other temples during the reign of King Sejo as well as Buddhist temples.