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유석형 中央醫學社 1940 中央醫學 Vol.9 No.6
Insonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), a potent anti-tuberculous compound, was first reported to form a INH analogue with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the tissue homogenate by Zatman et al., and it was suggested that the formation of such a INH analogue may be of significance in explaining the clinical anti-tuberculous action of INH. The species specificity of the animal NADase with respect to INH analogue formation was also reported. It is possible that both the "sensitive" and "insensitive" NADases react in the same manner to the INH and from INH analogue of NAD, and in case of the "insensitive" such a analogue is formed in relative large amounts. The knowledge on the human tissue NADase with respect to INH is still very poor except a few references on the prostata and spleen NADase is available, and much desired to be studied. The author made a study on the formation of INH analogue of NAD in human erythrocytes, as well as cell free systems of mouse liver, spleen, brain and lung. 1. In vitro formation of INH analogues of NAD in human erythrocyte homogenate and in subcellular fractions of mouse liver has been demonstrated. 2. In the subcellular fractions of mouse liver, the main part of the synthetic activity of INH analogue of NAD was found in motochondrial and soluble fractions. 3. The transglucosidase activity of NADase from human erythrocytes was demonstrated by measuring the ability of the homogenate of erythrocytes to synthesize isonicotinic acid hydrazide adenine dinucleotide. 4, The NADase of human erythrocytes is relatively "insensitive" to INH. 5. The tissues-i. e. liver, brain, spleen and lung, which were pretreated in vivo with NAD, give rise a high synthetic activity of formation of INH analogue of NAD, while the activity in the control group is much lower.
철골 끼움가새골조로 보강된 학교건물의 내진성능평가를 위한 비선형 해석 모델에 관한 연구
유석형,고관욱 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2022 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.4
Recently, damage to buildings due to earthquakes in Korea occurred mainly in school buildings and Piloti-type multi-family houses, highlighting the need for seismic retrofit for buildings of the same type. In the early days of the seismic retrofit project for school facilities, various patented methods using dampers as a ductile seismic retrofit method were applied without sufficient verification procedures. However, in 「 School Facility Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit Manual, 2021」, when the patented method is applied, it must be applied through a separate strict verification procedure, and instead, the strength/stiffness retrofit method was induced as a general method. In practice,when evaluating seismic performance for retrofit by infilled steel frame with brace, the analysis model is constructed by directly connecting only the steel brace to the existing RC member. However, if the frame is removed from the analysis model of the infilled steel frame with brace, the force reduction occurring on the existing RC member near the retrofit is considered to be very large, and this is judged to affect the review of whether to retrofit the foundation or not. Therefore, in this study, preliminary analysis with variables such as whether or not steel frame is taken into account and frame link method for the analysis model of RC school building retrofitted by infilled steel frame with brace and nonlinear analysis for actual 3-story school building was performed, and basic data for rational analysis model setting were presented by comparing preliminary analysis and pushover analysis results for each variable. 최근 국내 지진으로 인한 건축물의 피해는 주로 학교건물과 필로티형 다가구 주택에서 발생함으로써 동일한 형식의 건물에 대한 내진보강 필요성을 부각시켰다. 학교시설 내진보강사업은 초기에 연성보강방법으로서 댐퍼를 활용한 다양한 특허공법들이 충분한 검증 절차 없이 적용되었다. 그러나 「학교시설 내진성능평가 및 보강 매뉴얼, 2021」에서는 특허공법 적용시 별도의 엄격한 검증절차를 통하여 적용토록 하고 대신 일반공법으로서 강도/강성보강공법의 활성화를 유도하였다. 학교건물의 강도/강성 보강공법으로서 활발히 적용되고 있는 철골 끼움가새골조보강을 위한 내진선능평가 시 실무에서는 일부 제한된 조건에서 안전측의 내진성능평가 결과를 도출할 것으로 판단하여 기존 RC부재에 철골가새만을 직접연결하여 해석모델을 구성하고 있다. 그러나 철골 끼움가새골조의 해석모델에서 프레임을 제거할 경우 강성감소로 인한 보강 부근의 기존 RC부재에 발생하는 하중감소는 매우 클 것으로 사료되며 이는 보강부위 기초보강 유무 검토에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 철골 끼움가새골조를 이용하여 저층 RC 학교건물 내진보강 시 성능평가를 위한 해석모델에 대하여 철골 프레임 고려 유무, 프레임 링크방식 등을 변수로 한 예비해석과 실제 3층 학교 건물에 대한 비선형 정적해석에 따른 내진성능평가 를 수행하였으며, 변수별 예비해석 및 푸쉬오버 해석결과를 비교함으로써 합리적인 해석모델 설정을 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다.
柳奭馨 연세대학교 산업경영연구소 1992 산업과경영 Vol.10 No.1
合理的 期待論者(rational expectationist)들 期待된 通貨(expected money) 또는 豫想된 通貨(anticipated money)는 實物生産에 영향을 주지 않는다고 주장한 이후 않은 경제학자들이 이 이론에 대해 비판을 하였다. 중요한 비판중 하나는 합리적 기대론자가 사용하고 있는 總供給兩數가 너무 단순하며, 총공급에 영향을 줄 수 있는 이자율, 자신, 또는 조세부담율 등의 중요한 요인들이 총공급함수에서 간과되어 있파는 것이다.
유석형,정창헌 한국화재소방학회 2018 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.32 No.1
무기재로서 질석은 친환경적인 특성과 내화, 단열, 흡음 뿐 만 아니라 결로방지, 탈취 및 미관 등이 우수하므로건축마감재로서 활용될 경우 효용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 질석을 주원료로 하여 미네랄 루즈울(Mineral Loose Wool) 또는 미네랄 파우더(Mineral Powder)를 혼입한 건축용 마감보드를 개발하고 불연시험과 단열시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 두 개의 질석보드 모두 불연재로서 성능을 확보하였으며 열전도율 0.086 및 0.092 W/m⋅K로 나타났다. 또한 개발된 두 개의 질석보드를 경골목구조 내화벽체 표준상세(KS F 1611-1)의 마감재로 적용하여내화시험을 수행하였다. 내화시험결과 VB-L 시험체가 VB-P시험체 보다 내화성능이 다소 높게 나타났으며 두 개의질석보드 모두 두께 30 mm로도 내화성능 2시간 확보가 충분한 것으로 나타났다. It is considered that vermiculite as an inorganic material is highly effective when it is used as a building finishing materialbecause it is eco-friendly. Vermiculite has excellent properties such as fire resistance, heat insulation, sound absorption as wellas prevention of condensation, deodorization and aesthetics. In this study, we developed a finishing board with vermiculiteas its main material and mixed with mineral loose wool (VB-L) or mineral powder (VB-P), and conducted fireproof test andinsulation test. In addition, fire resistance tests were carried out by applying the two developed vermiculite boards as finishingmaterials for the standard wall details of light frame wood structures (KS F 1611-1). As a result of the fire resistance test,the VB-L specimen showed better fire resistance than the VB-P specimen. Both vermiculite boards showed sufficient fireresistance performance of 2 hours for a thickness of 30 mm.
유석형 한국화재소방학회 2009 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4
As the concrete strength increases the degree of damage caused by the spalling becomes more serious because of the permeability. It is reported that the polypropylene (PP) fiber has an important role in protecting concrete from spalling. However, the excessive usage of PP fiber would not useful in spalling control and would decrease the workability of ultra high strength concrete. The high-temperature behaviors of high-strength reinforced concrete columns with various dosage of PP fibers and three types of fire endurance fibers were observed this study. In results, the ratio of unstressed residual strength of columns, in case of concrete strength 60MPa, increases as the dosage of PP fiber increases from 0% to 0.2%, however, the effect of fiber dosage on residual strength of column barely changes above 0.2% and in case of concrete strength 120MPa, PVA fiber is the most suitable fire endurance fiber in accounting fire endurance performance and workability 고강도 콘크리트(HSC)는 화재 시 100oC 이상에서 부재내부의 수분 증발로 인하여 발생한 수증기가 수 밀한 콘크리트에 갇혀 피복이 탈락되는 폭렬현상이 발생한다. 콘크리트의 폭렬을 제어할 수 있는 방안으 로는 폴리프로필렌 섬유(PP섬유)를 혼입하는 방법이 가장 효율적인 것으로 보고되었다. 그러나 일정량 이 상 PP섬유의 사용은 폭렬저감에 효과가 없으며 특히, 초고강도 콘크리트의 시공성을 저하시킬 것으로 판 단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 강도 60MPa에서 최적의 PP섬유량을 도출하고 120MPa 초고강도 콘크리트에서 시공성을 확보하기 위하여 PP섬유를 대신하여 PP분말 및 폴리비닐알콜(PVA)섬유를 사용한 기둥실험체의 내화실험 및 잔존강도 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 60MPa 실험체에서 PP섬유 함유량이 0%에서 0.2%까지 증가 할수록 잔존 축강도비는 68%에서 85%까지 증가하였으나, PP섬유 함유량이 0.2% 이상에서는 잔존강도의 증가가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 120Mpa 실험체에서 내화성능과 시공성 을 함께 고려할 경우 PVA섬유가 가장 합리적인 것으로 나타났다.
PP섬유 및 실리카흄이 고강도 철근콘크리트 기둥의 폭열 저감에 미치는 영향
유석형 한국화재소방학회 2009 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4
고강도 콘크리트는 구조적인 장점에도 불구하고 화재 시 폭렬과 함께 취성적인 파괴를 나타내는 단점으 로 인하여 실구조물에 적용 시 주의하여 사용하여야 한다. 고강도 콘크리트의 폭렬제어를 위하여 폴리프 로필렌 섬유(PP섬유)의 혼입이 효율적인 것으로 콘크리트 공시체를 대상으로 한 여러 내화실험결과를 통 하여 보고되었다. 또한 초고강도 콘크리트의 강도발현을 위하여 필수적으로 사용되는 실리카흄은 콘크리 트의 수밀성을 높여 폭렬현상이 더욱 심하게 발생할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PP섬유의 혼 입량과 실리카흄 치환율을 변수로 하는 고강도 철근콘크리트 기둥부재의 내화실험 및 잔존강도 실험을 수 행하여 고온 시 각 변수들이 폭렬현상에 미치는 영향 및 잔존강도를 분석하였다. 실험결과 PP섬유 혼입량 을 0%에서 0.2%까지 증가 시킬수록 기둥의 폭렬정도가 감소하고, 잔존 압축강도비는 증가하는 것으로 나 타났으며, 실리카흄을 7%, 14% 및 21%로 증가시킬수록 기둥의 폭렬정도는 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 잔 존 압축강도비는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. High Strength Concrete has a disadvantage of the brittle failure under fire due to the spalling. It is reported that spalling is caused by the vapor pressure under fire and polypropylene (PP) fiber has an important role in protecting from spalling. The silica fume which is essentially mixed in high strength concrete decrease the permeability of concrete, and this will increase the degree of spalling. The fire resistance characteristics of high-strength reinforced concrete columns with various contents of PP fiber and silica fume were investigated in this study. In results, the ratio of unstressed residual strength of columns increases as the content of PP fiber increases from 0% to 0.2% and the ratio decreases as the content of silica fume increases from 7% to 21%.
W. B. 예이츠의 시세계에 나타난 상징과 원효사상 비교연구
유석형 한국예이츠학회 2003 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.20 No.-
The focus of study in this paper is put on the comparison of symbolism manifested in the world of W. B. Yeats’ poetry and the thoughts of Master Won-hyo.. The comparing works include the identification of their understanding ways of life. The symbols in common to bridge W. B. Yeats and Master Won-hyo are, for instance, circle, cone, cycle, sphere, spiral, wheel, vehicle, etc. Such a sign symbolizes a round thing, in another expression, the world or the cosmos where man belongs to. The phenomenological world or the cosmos by oriental thoughts is represented as the 28 phases of the moon, ranging from the dark moon(objectivity) to the full moon(subjectivity), which according to W. B. Yeats’ theory are identified the same kinds of character of man. Won-hyo(元曉, 617~686), a life-long friend of another Buddhist Master Ui-sang., insisted on the necessity for every living being to return to the foundation of the One Mind(一心), which is the original state of being, in another words, or “Ultimate Reality” to which every living being has to return. The Hwa-yen Sutra(華嚴經), a rare scripture of Mahayana Buddhism(大乘佛敎), emphasizes that the Ultimate Reality is the Source of One Mind of Won-hyo. We can say that Mahayana Buddhism teaches every living being the way to return to the world of the Ultimate Reality by great vehicle of Mahayana(大乘) in sanskrit. Another principle of Hwa-yen philosophy may be expressed as All in one, one in all. One is all, all is one(一中一切一切中一, 一卽一切一切卽一). The Six Aspects(六相) is interpretated by the principle. The mutual relationships are harmonized between the whole and a part, between the unity of the whole and the diversity of the part, and between the completion of the whole and the self-denial of the part. The One Mind is synonymous with the Great Vehicle with great wheels, which return to the Source of One Mind, the original state of being, or the Ultimate Reality( or Nirvana). The meaning of the One Mind may be expanded to the synonym of the existential world or the cosmos, at the center of which the One Mind lies. Accordingly, The One Mind, the Great Vehicle or Great Wheel and the World has a similar analogy, which make a system of symbolism, so called “Yeatsian gyre theory.” Yeats imagined a spiral, which he preferred to call a gyre) or whirling cone. Then two such cones were drawn and considered to pass like the human soul through a cycle from subjectivity to objectivity. These cones were imagined as interpenetrating, whirling around inside one another, one subjective, the other objective. The cones were not restricted to symbolizing objectivity and subjectivity. They were beauty and truth, value and fact, particular and universal, quality and quantity, abstract and concrete, and the living and the dead. Yeats thought that he had discovered in the figure of interpenetrating gyres the archetypal pattern which is mirrored and remirrored by all life, by all movements of civilization or mind or nature. Man or movement is conceived of as moving from left to right and then from right to left. No sooner is the fullest expansion of the objective cone reached than the counter-movement towards the fullest expansion of the subjective cone begins. These movements slide to the 28 phases of the moon. The dark moon, in the course of wane and wax sways to the full moon. The different 28 patterns of the moon is mirrored by all life or mind, ranging from the highest state of subjective mind(the 15th phase: the full moon) to the highest cast of objective mind(the 1st phase; the dark moon). In the long run, the world which Won-hyo and Yeats seek for as an ideal space of mind is a unified one, into which melted are the binominal opposites such as objectivity and subjectivity, the sacred and the profane, the bishop and Jane, fair and foul, the dancer and the dance, beauty and truth, value and fact, particular and universal, quality and quantity, abstract and concrete, and the living and the dead.