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유일선(Il-Seon Yoo),장해연(Hae-Yun Jang) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2018 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.39
This paper aims to provide a simple economic model suitable for explaining why the tragedy of the commons take place in marine living resources and for seeking how to deal with the tragedy. This economic model suggested that because of the two traits-excludability and rivalry-marine living resources has, socially optimal catch which maximizes the whole gain of participants is always less than open access catch derived from free competition between them. The discrepancy between two catches makes the stock of marine living resources fail to keep consistent and people fail to capture them sustainably. In the long run, marine living resources get extinct, which is the tragedy of the commons. This model also shows that the higher the market price of marine living resources, the more advanced technology for catching, the higher the expected price of marine living resources and the higher time preference, compared with interest rate, the faster the tragedy of the commons happens. The basic rule for policy to prevent the tragedy is to design policy so that open access catch may dovetail with social optimal catch. These policies just like total allowance catch, vessel catch limits, the issues of licences and imposition of landing fees are suggested and their effectiveness are analyzed, based upon this model.
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박제연,유일열,최성희,조경훈 한국재료학회 2025 한국재료학회지 Vol.35 No.2
This study examines the volatilization of alkali elements on the surfaces of ceramic targets and in the deposited films during the deposition of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) thin films using a ceramic target with the nominal composition K0.55Na0.55NbO3 via a RF magnetron sputtering process. Under a 100 W RF power condition, significant volatilization of alkali elements occurred on the surface of the ceramic target, resulting in the inevitable formation of a Nb-rich secondary phase in the thin films. However, perovskite-phase KNN thin films with excellent reproducibility and without secondary phases were obtained under 50 W RF power and a substrate temperature of 600 °C. When the RF power was reduced to 20 W or the substrate temperature was lowered to 500 °C under 50 W RF power, no crystalline thin films could be obtained. Additionally, when the substrate temperature was raised to 700 °C under 50 W RF power, the niobium-rich secondary phase appeared in the thin films due to the volatilization of alkali elements. The conditions of 50 W RF power and a substrate temperature of 600 °C were found to be optimal for depositing perovskite-phase KNN thin films. However, complete suppression of potassium volatilization from the thin films was not achievable. Consequently, the resulting films had a sodium-rich composition compared to K0.5Na0.5NbO3 and exhibited lower dielectric constants along with relaxor ferroelectric characteristics. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the compositional changes in ceramic targets during the RF sputtering process to ensure high reproducibility in KNN thin film fabrication.
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정소연,김유일,조비룡,김경우,장윤녕,권혁태,허봉열 대한가정의학회 2007 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.28 No.11
Relationship between the Awareness and Health Behavior in Middle-aged KoreansSo Yeon Chung, M.D., Kyoung Woo Kim, M.D.*, Yun Ryong Chang, M.D., Hyuk Tae Kwon, M.D.**, Yu Il Kim, M.D.***, Bong Ryul Huh, M.D., Ph.D.****, BeLong Cho, M.D., Ph.D.† Background: Despite growing awareness of health behavior, making actual behavioral change seems to be more complex. This study assessed factors influencing discrepancy between the awareness and health behavior in Korean middle-aged people. Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1,047 middle-aged Koreans was carried out in 2004. Through the survey, the agreement between the level of awareness and health behavior was analyzed. And factors related to health-risk behaviors in the group of appropriate awareness were analyzed. Results: In the group of appropriate awareness, males tended to be smokers, problem-drinkers and were not maintaining normal weight. In men, younger age, longer work-hours and more frequent stress were significantly related to both smoking and problem-drinking despite appropriate awareness. Higher income and blue-color working class were also predictors for the problem- drinking. In women, older age, lower education, lower income and comorbid disease were significantly related to abnormal weight. Physical inactivity was significantly related to lower education, longer working hours and lower income. Conclusion: This study showed that sociodemographic factors and stress were related with health-risk behavior with appropriate awareness in middle-aged people. These findings are expected to have implications for development of health promotion program focusing on stress management, improvement of sociocultural perception and simultaneous intervention for both smoking and alcohol. For middle-aged Korean women, more efforts must be made to remove economical and sociocultural barriers. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:845-852) 연구배경: 건강행동의 인식도 향상을 위한 노력에도 불구하고, 실제 건강행동의 실천에는 어려움이 있어, 집단의 건강행동에 대한 인식도와 실천 사이의 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 중년에서의 건강행동의 중요도 인식 정도와 실천 사이의 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 이해하고자 시도되었다. 방법: 전국의 중년 남녀(40세 이상, 65세 미만) 1,047명을 대상으로 전화 면접(RDD)을 통해 시행한 연구로, 건강행동에 대한 중요도 인식 정도와 실천의 일치도 여부를 조사하고, 각 건강행동에 대해 높은 인식도인 군만 선택하여 건강행동을 실천하지 않는 것과 관련된 인자를 상관분석하였다. 결과: 건강행동의 중요도 인식이 높은 군에서 비실천과 관련된 인자를 분석한 결과이다. 금연, 절주 및 정상 체중 유지에서는 남자에 유의하게 많았다. 남자에서 흡연과 문제음주는 낮은 연령, 잦은 스트레스, 긴 근무시간, 적은 휴식과 관련이 있고, 특히 문제음주는 많은 수입, 직업군과 관련이 있었다. 흡연과 문제음주는 남녀 모두에서 서로 연관이 있었다. 비정상체중인 여자는 높은 연령대, 낮은 학력, 적은 수입, 동반된 만성 질환과 관련이 있었다. 규칙적 운동을 하지 않는 것은 낮은 교육 수준, 적은 수입, 긴 근로시간, 적은 휴식시간과 유의하게 관련이 있었다. 결론: 중년 남자의 건강증진을 위해서는 직장 내 스트레스 관리와 사회문화적 음주 인식의 개선에 중점을 두고, 흡연과 음주에 대한 중재를 함께 진행하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다. 중년 여자에서의 건강증진을 위해서는 사회계층별 건강행동의 차이를 효과적으로 줄일 수 있는 다양한 정책과 이들을 특정 표적 집단으로 하는 방안들이 연구되어야 하겠다.
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