
http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
심호섭 인천대학교 공학대학원 2017 국내석사
As the city develops rapidly and the standard of living gets higher, the kinds and the components of household garbage are diversifying, and as the interest in the surrounding environment and the fine view becomes to have increased, the automatic cleaning facilities, that are the new collecting method instead of the existing pickup system at the door, are being designed and constructed. While the introduction of the automatic garbage depository facility, that is an eco-friendly system in which the garbage is not exposed to the outside, is constructed and used centering on the construction of a new city, current picture is not yet free from the aspect of the trench. As the improvement plan of the trench reduction in the automatic depository facility, this study is intended to suggest the direction to improve the facility. First of all, the input facility part is designed and constructed with the double structures of rubber cover packing structure and the emission valve, and due to the double packing system, the efficiency of collection and trench reduction has been increased. The trench blocked in the cooling system of the food storage tank, that is a depository facility, is possible as a sealing type by constructing the refrigeration warehouse type freezer rather than the zone open coil type. Trench was blocked by being constructed with the pipeline diverter or the sealed type, and working in a pleasant environment is available through the improved ventilation facility, and the residual trench in the blower room was removed through the trench removing filter. The deodorization facility has been remained clean through the automatic cleaning equipment and at the same time the trench has been reduced, and it was constructed to be able to remove the final residual trench by using an activated charcoal filter, and the trench diffusion preventing system was constructed by installing an air curtain at the entrance of the shipping yard. if the study on the sealing of facilities continues to be progressed and reflected in the design, and applied in construction, it is judged that the improvement in many areas of the trench reduction measures is possible afterward.
고함량 Co-Ni 이차경화형 합금강에 미재결정영역에서의 강압연을 적용하여 Mo 첨가 합금강의 기계적 성질에 미치는 Co 및 Ni의 영향을 재 가열온도, 압연온도 등과 함께 체계적으로 분석하였다. 또한 Mo 첨가 합금계와 유사한 것으로 밝혀진 W 첨가 합금계에 대한 이차경화거동과 Cr 첨가의 영향에 대해 연구하였다. Mo 첨가 합금계는 다음과 같다. 미재결정영역에서의 강압연을 적용 한 경우 오스테나이트 결정립은 압연방향을 따라 길게 연신되었으며, 마르텐사이트 래스 내부는 고밀도의 전위조직을 나타내었다. 또한 강변형에 의해 마르텐사이트 래스의 미세화가 발생하였다. 재가열 및 압연온도 변화는 기계적 성질에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았으며, 오스테나이트 결정립 크기의 효과보다는 마르텐사이트 래스의 폭과 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 900℃의 낮은 재가열온도의 경우 100nm 정도의 조대한 미용해 탄화물의 존재로 인해 낮은 인성값을 나타내었으며, 개재물 형성 원소인 La의 첨가로 인해 모든 강에서 1㎛ 크기의 구형의 La sulfide가 primary void로부터 형성된 큰 딤플 내에서 관찰되었다. Co함량의 증가에 따라 최대경도는 증가되었으나, 최대시효는 대략 5시간에서 나타나며 시효속도의 가속현상은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 Co가 이들 탄화물의 핵생성을 촉진하는 효과는 있으나, 성장을 촉진하지는 않는 것으로 생각된다. 한편 Ni의 경우, Ni 함량의 증가에 따라 최대경도는 약간 증가하였고, 최대시효시간은 대략 10, 5, 1시간으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 Ni 함량의 증가는 약간의 강도증가 뿐만 아니라 시효 kinetics를 가속화 시키는 역할을 하였다. 미시효조건에서 조대한 시멘타이트의 존재로 인해 충격인성은 낮은 값을 보였으며, 시효가 진행됨에 따라 과시효조건에서 충격인성은 회복되었다. 최대 경도/인장강도를 나타내는 합금의 순서는 11Ni-l3Co≒14Ni-l3Co>8Ni-l3Co>11Ni-9Co>8Ni-9Co>11Ni-5Co 이었다. 합금설계의 관점에서, 약 13wt%의 Co 첨가는 시효동안 전위회복과 관련된 softening을 방지하기 위해 필요하며, Ni의 경우 기존에 개발된 강에 비해서 강가공이 적용되는 경우 강도 및 인성이 11wt%보다 낮은 8wt%에서도 충분히 확보됨을 확인하였다. W 첨가 합금계는 다음과 같다. W강은 시효동안 이차경화거동을 잘 나타내었고, 최대경도는 Rc 58.5-59.5 정도로 매우 높은 값을 보였으며, 낮은 온도에서의 변형은 미세구조적 미세화로 인해 경도 및 충격인성이 향상되었다. Cr 첨가는 최대경도가 Rc 1-1.5 정도 감소하였지만, 시효 kinetics를 상당히 촉진시켰다. WCr강의 시효 kinetics는 M_(2)C 탄화물의 성장이 Cr의 빠른 확산에 의해 촉진되기 때문에 Cr 첨가에 의해 가속화되었으며, W강에 비해 WCr강은 과시효조건에서 더 높은 충격인성을 나타내었다. Cr 첨가에 의해 인장강도 및 항복강도와 항복비는 상당히 감소하였다. Mo 첨가강에서와 같이, AQ 조건과 시효조건에서의 경도비 인장강도의 차이는 AQ조건에서의 큰 균일 변형에 따른 변형경화와 관련이 있다. Applying the severe deformation in the unrecrystallized region to high Co-Ni secondary hardening alloy steels, the effects of Co and Ni additions and reheating and rolling temperature on mechanical properties for Mo containing steels were systematically investigated. Also, secondary hardening, impact toughness and tensile properties for W containing steels were analyzed in terms of severe deformation and Cr addition. Mo containing steels are as follow. Severe rolling at unrecrystallized region of austenite led to the elongated grains with rolling direction, and martensite laths and the interior of lath were highly dislocated. Also, severe deformation led to the refinement of martensite lath. Reheating and rolling temperature changes used in this study did not have a large effect on mechanical properties. This is related to martensite lath width than effect of austenite grain size. Due to low reheating temperature of 900℃, there exist coarse undissolved carbides, 100nm. The presence of coarse undissolved carbides exhibited the lower toughness. La sulfides of spheroidal shape with about l gm diameter were observed inside larger dimples formed from primary voids. Co additions enhanced the hardness, but little accelerated aging kinetics itself. Therefore, it is believed that Co additions enhance the nucleation of fine M_(2)C carbides through the increase in dislocation density and in driving force, but little influence their growth. With the increase of Ni content, the peak time was shifted to shorter aging time and the peak hardness slightly increased. Therefore, Ni additions definitely promoted aging reaction in spite of little effect in maximum hardness. Impact toughness was higher in the over-aged condition, compared to in the under-aged condition with coarse cementite particles deteriorating it. Maximum hardness and strength in peak-aged condition are as follow : 11Ni-l3Co≒l4Ni-13Co > 8Ni-l3Co > 11Ni-9Co > 8Ni-9Co > 11Ni-5Co. From the point of alloy design, the addition of Co, about 13 wt%, is needed to prevent the softening during aging, which may be related with the dislocation recovery. W containing steels are as follow. Secondary hardening was well developed in a Co-Ni steel containing the only W, during aging. Peak hardness values were very high, Rc 58.5-59.5. The deformation at lower temperature enhanced both hardness and impact toughness due to the microstructural refinement. The Cr addition considerably promoted the aging kinetics even though the peak hardness values were decreased by Rc 1-1.5. The WCr steel showed higher impact toughness in the over-aged condition, as compared to the W steel. The aging kinetics of the WCr steel was accelerated due to the Cr addition since the growth of M_(2)C carbides was promoted by the faster diffusion of Cr. Both yield strength and yield ratio were considerably dropped by the Cr addition even though there was some decrease in tensile strength. Like a Mo containing steels, tensile strength to hardness ratio is larger in the as-quenched condition compared with the aged condition. This is related to a lot of strain hardening with large uniform deformation in the as-quenched condition.
H-Y 抗體의 種間交叉反應 및 H-Y에 對한 單一클론抗體의 生産에 關한 硏究
These experiments were carried out to investigate cross reaction of H-Y antibody and to produce monoclonal antibodies to H-Y. H-Y antiserum was prepared in inbred SD female rats by repeated immunization of newborn testis homogenate from same strain. H-Y antibody in antiserum was detected by ELISA. To confirm cross reaction to H-Y antibody, mouse and rabbit embryos were cultured in medium with H-Y antiserum and complement. After immunization of BALB/c TS to females of same strain, B lymphocytes from mouse producing polyclonal H-Y antibody were fused with myeloma cells. To identify clones producing monoclonal H-Y antibody, ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence test were used. Results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Following culture of 248 mouse embryos and 42 rabbit embryos in medium containing rat H-Y antibody and complement, 115 (46.4%) mouse embryos and 23 (54.8%) rabbit embryos were arrested or destroyed and cross reaction of H-Y antibody could be confirmed from these results. 2. Of total 384 wells, 80 hybridoma colonies were formed after fusion. Fusion efficiency was 20.8%. 3. Three strong positive wells selected from fused cells by ELISA and 2 wells from these were also confirmed positive by indirect immunofluorescence test. 4. Twelve wells of ELISA-positive were selected after cloning and 2D45D4 clones from these were confirmed to produce monoclonal antibodies to H-Y by indirect immunofluorescence test. 5. Following affinity charomatography on protein A, monoclonal antibodies from 2D45D4 clones were classified immunoglobulin G and concentration of monoclonal antibodies in mouse ascitic fluid was 1mg/ml.