‘황희 정승 납거미 유언’ 설화 고찰

황인덕 ( In-deok Hwang ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2018 인문학연구 Vol.57 No.1

알려져 있듯 황희는 정승을 지낸 조선 초기 명인의 한 사람이다. 다수일반인들에게 그는 주로 ‘황희 황정승’으로 이름과 직위가 병칭되어 불리어오곤 했는데, 이는 그의 이름이 오래 전에 이미 애칭화되어 후대까지 널리 불려왔다는 뜻이다. 우리나라 역대 정승을 거친 수많은 훌륭한 인물가운데, 그 직위에 요구되는 역할을 가장 충실하게 실현함으로써 그 존재가 거의 ‘정승’의 대명사처럼 기억되어온 결과라 하겠다. 황정승이 조선조전 시대를 대표하는 명 정승으로 알려져온 것에 부합하여, 그에 대하여 구전되어온 설화 또한 그 폭과 깊이가 넓고 깊게 실현되고 있다. 한 인물이 남긴 설화가 대략 주인공이 지닌 인품, 생애, 시대, 업적 등의 조건에 비례한다면, 황정승이 남긴 설화의 다양성도 대략 그러한 조건들이 예사인물과는 다른 결과라고 할 수 있다. 이 글은 위 인물에 대하여 <공작이도 납거미를 먹고 살랴>라는 하나의 유형을 집중적으로 고찰하였다. 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위 설화의 유형은 크게는 하나, 작게는 세개의 유형으로 나뉘고 있다. 둘째, 위 설화가 형성된 화소의 원천은 ‘고려장 설화’와 ‘공작이도 납거미를 먹고 살랴’라는 전래 속담이며, 이 두 가지 요소가 하필 황정승을 대상 인물로 하여 새로운 설화를 이룬 것은 나말여초 중국과 조선의 국제관계와 그 속에서 황정승이 수행한 역할과 위상이 반영된 결과이다. 셋째, 설화를 통한 인물 형상의 특징은 청렴상을 통한 민담성의 강화에 있으며, 특히 비범한 능력을 발휘하여 청렴을 실천하는 인물상의 구현은 황정승의 투철한 애민정신을 반영한 결과라 할 수 있다. 넷째, 황정승 설화는 여말 선초를 지나 조선 초기 국운 상승기의 인물담을 대표적으로 보여주며, 그로 인하여 설화 속의 인물상이 한결같이 긍정적인 모습으로만 나타난다. As we all know, Hwang Hee was a renowned minister in the early period of Joseon dynasty. The fact that he has been mainly called both by name and position as ‘the minister Hwang’ means he was already given a nickname a long time ago. He has been remembered as a representative of ministers existed in the history as he carried out his duties the most faithfully among the numbers of past outstanding ministers in the country. In accordance with his reputation as a devoted minister throughout the whole dynasty of Joseon, his fictional image was embodied with great wide and depth. If the tales Hwang Hee left behind depended on the conditions such as his personality, his life, the period and his achievement, a variety of his tales would seem to approximately result from those different conditions from those of others. This paper concentrates on his tale < Apeacocklivesonflatspiders > only. The contents are as below. First, the above-mentioned tale might be broadly divided into a type, or into three types in detail. Second, a subject matter of this tale is derived from folk tales about ‘Goryeojang’ and ‘A peacock lives on flat spiders’. A new tale about Hwang Hee which has been invented reflects on the international relationship of Joseon with China, and the role and position he played in the late period of Goryeo dynasty and the early period of Joseon dynasty. Third, a characteristic of the hero in the tale depends on the strengthening his integrity, which displays Hwang Hee’s strong love for the people by showing his exceptional ability to perform for them. Fourth, the tale of Hwang Hee represents a tale of the great man in the history when the country was in the ascendant in the early period of Joseon from the late Goryeo and the early Joseon. Therefore, he was displayed as a positive character in the tales.

아계(鵝溪) 사행몽교탄생(使行夢交誕生) 담 연구

황인덕(Hwang In-deok) 충남대학교 충청문화연구소 2010 충청문화연구 Vol.5 No.-

Lee, San-hae [1538-1609} was the personality equipped with talented gifts, and he was a dignitary in charge of Yeonguijeong in the period of the Joseon Dynasty. There exist several legends of figures relevant to him which have been orally transmitted to these days. This writing is on the one of the legends. This story is about "Sahaengmonggyotansaeng" in which the father of Lee, San-hae was sent to China as an envoy, where he lay with his wife and begot a son in his dream. This story type has a lot more versions in comparison with other types related to Lee, San-hae. This explains why this legend has gained lots of attention from the public. The above mentioned legend dates back to Seong, Mong-jeong[1471-1517] ahead of Lee, San-hae. It could be the result of the figure story in the precedent period being pulled by a more famous figure in the following period. However, there exists a difference in these two stories. There still remains a vestige of mythical motif in Seongmongjeong story, which means that the Seongmongjeong story has been orally transmitted to this period while assuming strongly a meaning of "A Great Man who put his family in the map" in the socio-cultural background where the tradition of one's family was much valued. However, the Lee, San-hae Story has been able to be imagined and remembered easily to the general public by virtue of the level of awareness of a figure, and peculiarity of the figure's name-i.e. consistency of the name Lee, San-hae with the place name "Sanhae'gwan." By this, it could be concluded that Lee, Sanhae legend, though it is the same type story, has been orally transmitted to this period while taking on more intriguing quality and popularity. However, the more important difference lies in another. In short, in the legend by Lee, San-hae, there clearly appear the narrative elements such as 'Shadowlessness', 'Bonelessness' and 'Transformed into water as soon as he died.' This could be the result of the general public's consciousness of criticism against his political weakness being strongly reflected. His responsible role in history was big, so such criticism was strongly levelled at Lee, San-hae. This is a natural consequence.

이토정 ‘수묘축방(守墓築坊)’ 관련 기록과 현지전설

황인덕(In-deok, Hwang) 어문연구학회 2009 어문연구 Vol.60 No.-

Tojeong, Lee Jiham (1517~1578) was one of the gentry, intellectuals in mid-Joseon Dynasty. He distinguished himself by demonstrating unique idea and behavior among general Sung Confucianism scholars. Thus, he drew attention from public at that time and his life was documented by producing a number of sub-types in folktales. He was represented as one of the figure legend characters of Joseon Dynasty. Tojeong's legend showed locality as he traveled here and there a lot in a country. Therefore, it was necessary to focus on and investigate those areas where he had lived or stayed in order to explore legend about him. This study sought for Tojeong's legend as one of local legends. Ancient documents provided that Tojeong tried to build bank at the mouth of the ocean in Boryeong area to keep his parents' tomb safe from tidal waves, however, his work was not completed and some of his works has remained up until now. The remains of the bank demonstrated he worked vigorously in the days of his youth and also provided he was renowned for filial devotion. One of the purposes of this study was to investigate the characters of the legend on those remains. However, the results of field trips to Boryeong area confirmed that his works in bank building had not bee reserved in folktales quite well for next generations : because his parents' tomb influenced more in folktales than his works of bank building did. The focus on tomb, rather than bank building, brought the 'mulmok'(a place at which the water flows in and out ) became important , therefore, the location of bank remains were regarded as less important as 'mulmok'. In fact , the remains of bank building had a great importance in history : however, it has become of little importance as a source of folktale.

‘보학(譜學)담 이야기꾼’의 한 사례

황인덕(Hwang, In-deok) 한국언어문학회 2015 한국언어문학 Vol.94 No.-

A traditional storyteller in Korea has consistently interested me and this study, a case study, is a continuation of it. Roughly speaking, discipline of genealogy (譜學譚) can be defined as a story of genealogy. Also, storyteller of it is who has great interest in the story of genealogy and narrate at a professional level. ‘Genealogy’ can exist any place in the world; however, 'discipline of genealogy', a study of genealogy, exists only in Korea. Likewise, while the story of genealogy can exist any where in the world, the discipline of genealogy can be said to exist only in Korea. The story of genealogy is mostly limited to individual family's story of its ancestors. In contrast, the discipline of genealogy means a comprehensive knowledge of several families in Korea. As the term, genealogy, has come out of Korean culture, the term, storyteller of genealogy, has been derived from unique tradition of Korea, which might be possible due to tradition of Yangban culture for a long time. In specific, this study focuses on one case which can show the features of telling 'a discipline of genealogy' among other types of storytellers in Korea. Storyteller of this case study is Sangmuk Kim (1924~ ) whose uniqueness and aptitude were investigated on three perspectives. First, his family background and tradition-oriented background in his journey of life experience are discovered. Next, after considering his ability of telling as a storyteller and his way of making a discipline of genealogy telling a habit, the nature of topics and the way of telling are investigated. The last part of this study is devoted for the significance of Sangmuk Kim and his discipline of genealogy of the times. Regarding his family background and tradition-oriented background in his journey of life experience, three different perspectives are considered: formation of tradition-oriented consciousness and family background; his life course and confucian values-oriented view; and experiencing 'GuelSaRang Chamber' in his boyhood. In addition, regarding the nature of topics and the way of telling, two different views are used such as classification and types of topics; and features of telling topics. In conclusion, the culture of genealogy and storytellers of it turns to be possible only within Korean culture, whose tradition will not be likely to be continued and maintained anymore in the future.

청주 ‘압각수(鴨脚樹)’ 전설의 전승력과 ‘홍수’화소의 지역성

황인덕(In-deok, Hwang) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.58 No.-

There is an old ginkoo thee called 'Apgaksu'(鴨脚樹) in Jungang Park in Cheongju city in Chungbuk Province. This tree is closely related to historical events during tumultuous periods from the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty and there is a legend about times . This papwe aims at examining periodical difference in literature on the Apgak-tree legend, specifically noting the localization of this legend. The Apgak-tree legend is a historical legend in terms of its historical importance, a character legend in terms of the importance of the characters, a historical relic legend in terms of the importance of the object, and a tree legend in terms of the importance of the tree itself. The various characteristics of this tree show that the documents of the legends on this tree are related to history, culture and nature although they are hidden. Although documents on this legend tell a single story, there is much grave evidence behind it. At the same time, this legend started as a local legend. Local specific historical events were reported to the central government for recoding, and a single charcter story emerged. Finally it became of historical interest. However, its root is based in a historical event that happened in a specific local area to a specific object. Because of the importance of the event and character, this legend expanded. But it is originally based on a local legend about a tree. This paper focuses on the influential power of this legend and specifically, its endemism as a local legend. Also, a 'flooding' motif is important as a root of the Apgaksu legend. Since geographically Cheongju City is located on the upper part of a river, it experienced a lot of major flooding damage. The legend has been handed down from generation to generation and repetitive flooding experiences influenced the creation of this legend as powerful folklore. Therefore, this legend indicates that natural conditions, flooding and events of the Mushim-river(無心川) in Cheongju city formed an inevitable chain of events. It is the main goal of this paper to examine the local natural conditions through legend by demonstrating the originality of this legend as specifically local legend. I hope this paper will help bring understanding to legends that emphasize local characteristics.

전설로 구현된 송구봉의 인물상과 그 의의

황인덕 ( In Deok Hwang ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 인문학연구 Vol.54 No.4

이 글은 조선 중기 도학자였던 구봉(龜峰) 송익필(宋翼弼)에 대한 전설을 연구한 것이다. 본고에서 주로 다룬 내용은 다음과 같다. (1) 이제까지 구봉에 대한 설화 연구가 가해지지 않았음을 유의하여 관련된 전설 각편(version)을 두루 모으고, 이들 자료를 몇 가지 유형으로 구분하였다. (2) 구봉 전설의 부류별 양상을 볼 때, 대략 구봉의 인물됨이나 행적가운데 사실성이 강한 일화 중심의 부류, 이와는 반대되는 허구적 표현이 두드러진 부류, 특정 지역을 중심으로 역사적 위인으로 형상화된 전설 부류, 그리고 시와 관련된 부류로 구분할 수 있다. (3) ‘일화류’ 전설에서 부각된 송구봉 인물상은 크게 사실성이 중심을 이룬 것과 허구적 표현이 실현된 것 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 사실성이 중심을 이룬 것은 구전자료와 문헌자료에 두루 나타나며, 허구적 표현이 강한 것은 구전자료에서 주로 나타난다. (4) 구봉 전설에서 허구적이고 과장된 표현의 절정은 현실문제와 관련하여, 더 구체적으로는 임진왜란이라는 전쟁과 관련하여 이루어지고 있다. 이들 유형군의 성립과 전승은 구봉전설이 일반 상민층으로 점점 확대되어 나간 것과 궤적을 함께 한 것으로 볼 수 있다. (5) ‘허구적 구봉 전설’의 특징은 구봉이 임란 이후 구전 설화로써 형성된 여러 영웅적 인물 가운데 ‘최고’ 수준으로 형상화되고 있는 점이다. 임진란에 참여한 바도 없는 그가 이처럼 무비의 영웅으로 표현되고 있음은 그의 타고난 장재(將才)를 바탕으로 하여, 여기에 임진란을 경험한 당시 상민들의 인물을 갈망하는 절박한 소망이 깊이 반영된 결과이다. 이점이 전체 구봉전설의 가장 중요한 특징이자 역사적 의의이다. This study is a review of the legend of Kubong Song Ikpil(宋翼弼), a Confucius scholar of the 16th-century Joseon Dynasty. The main points of this study are as follows. (1) Even with little previous research into the legend of Kubong, relevant versions of the legend were collected and classified into several types. (2) These versions can be classified roughly as follows: ones containing episodes featuring a heightened sense of reality, ones enriched with fictional elements, regional ones in which Kubong is depicted as a historical figure, and ones interspersed with poetry. (3) In the ``episode-type`` versions, Song Kubong is portrayed in two different ways: as a real person and as a fictional character. Reality-oriented versions are found across both oral and written literature, while fictional versions are found only in oral literature. (4) The peaks of the fictional and exaggerated narration of the Kubong legend are closely related to harsh realities, specifically, to the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. The formation and transmission of such a version occurred in parallel with the spread of the Kubong legend among the common people. (5) The ‘fictional`` versions of the Kubong legend feature the depiction of Kubong as an epic hero. This is a reflection of the consciousness and desperate desires of the common people who experienced the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. This is the most remarkable aspect and historical significance of the Kubong legend.

신용평가정보와 기업의 단기자금 조달방식 선택

황인덕(In-Deok Hwang),정병욱(Byung-Uk Chong) 대한경영학회 2014 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

‘仁峰精舍’의 위치 고증

황인덕(Hwang, In-deok) 충남대학교 충청문화연구소 2016 충청문화연구 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper, I would like to solve curiosity what was location of Inbongsanbang where was Inbong(courtesy name) Jeon seung-up’s seodang(as village school) as a shelter. Now, I could not make investigation since it was submerged point of location. But result of question and interview minutely with villager, I have confidence to get a obvious conclusion. The point of this problem is where was location of ‘Sologot Inbongjiha Iptanjisang’ that was shown it up the Collection of Jeon seung-up. In other words, East of Pangeabong, Kwancheonsuk was located approximately 100m by the brook from there, Iptan(Gotnyuwol) was located around Kwancheonsuk, it was located between this shoal as Iptan and Inbongsan as mountain. I could not estimate exact distance from there but be sure approximate location of Inbongsangbang. Therefore, before presumption of Inbongjungsa’s location that was somewhere from Jungbongjungsa directly opposite would not be in accord with the local situation. The actual location of Inbongjungsa sank into oblivion for long time. Result of depending on dim memory that was somewhere from Jungbongjungsa opposite or being around Kwancheonsuk led to make the mistake of that presumption. Now I would make sure find the concrete location of Inbongjungsa. related with this study. I have no choice but to leave future task. Today finding a location of Inbongjungsa, it was serching for meaning that was shown a case of finding a shelter for Imjinwar and were with common concern and solidarity among teacher and friend in the same age. the case of Inbongjungsa has a value of view related with finding a shelter for imjin war. Also it implies to understand utopia where came on tale.

사계(沙溪) 김장생 전설의 전승유형과 역사적 의의

황인덕 ( In Deok Hwang ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.42 No.4

이토정 〈친묘 잡기 답산〉전설의 ‘논 가는 노인의 계시’ 삽화 고찰

황인덕(Hwang In-Deok) 충남대학교 충청문화연구소 2010 충청문화연구 Vol.3 No.-