DC 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 질화규소 분말의 기상합성

황연,손용운,정헌생,최상근,Hwang, Y.,Sohn, Y.U.,Chung, H.S.,Choi, S.K. 한국결정성장학회 1994 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.4 No.4

비이송식DC 플라즈마 토치를 제작하고 이를 이용하여 질화규소 분말을 제조하였다. Ar 가스를 사용하여 플라즈마를 발생시켯으며, 발생된 플라즈마 flame으로 반응가스 및 reactive quenching 가스를 도입하였다. 토치의 하단부에 2개의 slit를 장착하여 가스의 도입 위치를 변화시킬 수 있게 하였다. $SiCl_4와 NH_3$를 출발원료로 하여 질화규소 분말을 제조하였다. 얻어진 분말은 무정형이었으며, 반응부산물을 제거하고 $1420^{\circ}C$에서 질소 분위기하에서 가열함으로써 결정화된 질화규소 분말을 얻었다. XPD pattern 및 IR 스펙트럼으로부터 질화규소 분말을 확인하였고, TEM을 사용하여 전후의 형상을 관찰하였다. DC plasma torch which is a non-transferred type was constructed and silicon nitride powders were produced. Ar gas is used as a plasma gas and gas reactants with the carrier gas are introduced beneath the plasma ignition part. Two slits are attached and a reactive quenching gas is introduced through them. Using $SiCl_4 and NH_3$ as starting materials, silicon nitride powders were produced. As-produced powders were amorphous and crystalline silicon nitrides were obtained by heating at $1420^{\circ}C$ for two hours under nitrogen atmosphere. Silicon nitride phase was identified in the XRD patterns and IR spectrum, and the image of the powders before and after heating was observed from the TEM analysis.

유전이동을 이용한 콜로이드 입자의 크기에 따른 분리

황연,Hwang, Yeon 한국재료학회 2007 한국재료학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The separation of the small colloidal particles from the mixture of two different sized particles using AC dielectrophoresis phenomenon was studied. The spherical mono-dispersed polystyrene particles dispersed in pure water were put into a perfusion chamber on a substrate, and AC electric fold was applied to the glass substrate with Au electrodes in 4 mm distance. The AC frequency was fixed at 1 kHz and the intensity of the field was varied from 25 V/cm to 160 V/cm. After applying the AC field, the degree of the chain formation that resulted from the particle movements by dielectrophoresis was observed by optical microscope. The mixture of the $1\;{\mu}m\;and\;5\;{\mu}m$ sized polystyrene particles at 0.5 vol% concentrations for each size was set in the dielectrophoresis conditions of 1 kHz and 100 V/cm. At this condition large $5\;{\mu}m$ sized polystyrene particles formed chains, on the contrary the $1\;{\mu}m$ sized polystyrene particles formed no chains. After water flowing for 20 min, it was found that small particles that were floating in the chamber had been removed by the water flowing.

용액연소법으로 제조한 LaFeO₃의 XPS 특성

황연,강대식,박미혜,조성백,Hwang, Yeon,Kang, Dae-Sik,Park, Mi-Hye,Cho, Sung-Baek 한국재료학회 2008 한국재료학회지 Vol.18 No.6

[ $LaFeO_3$ ] powders were synthesized using a method involving solution combustion, and the surface properties of these powders were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As the amount of fuel increased during the synthesis, the $LaFeO_3$ powders became amorphous with a large plate-like shape. It was found that the O 1s spectra were composed of two types of photoelectrons by deconvolutioning the spectra. Photoelectrons with higher binding energy come from adsorbed oxygen ($O^-$) whereas those with lower energy come from lattice oxygen ($O^{2-}$). The ratio of adsorbed and lattice oxygen increased as the ratio of the fuel and nitrate (${\Phi}$) increased. The binding energy of both types of oxygen increased as ${\Phi}$ increased due to the formation of carbonates.

직충돌 이온산란 분광법을 사용한 MgO(100) 면에 성장된 BaTiO₃막의 구조해석

황연,이태근,Hwang, Yeon,Lee, Tae-Kun 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Time-of-flight impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy (TOF-ICISS) using 2 keV $He^+$ ion was applied to study the geometrical structure of the $BaTiO_3$ thin film which was grown on the MgO(100) surface. Hetero-epitaxial $BaTiO_3$ layers were formed on the MgO(100) surface by thermal evaporation of titanium followed first by oxidation at $400^{\circ}C$, subsequently by barium evaporation, and finally by annealing at $800^{\circ}C$. The atomic structure of $BaTiO_3$ layers was investigated by the scattering intensity variation of $He^+$ ions on TOF-ICISS and by the patterns of reflection high energy electron diffraction. The scattered ion intensity was measured along the <001> and <011> azimuth varying the incident angle. Our investigation revealed that perovskite structured $BaTiO_3$ layers were grown with a larger lattice parameter than that of the bulk phase on the MgO(100) surface.

Ca 첨가에 의한 $BaTiO_3$의 환원억제기구

황연,김윤호,박순자,Hwang, Y.,Kim, Y.H.,Park, S.J. 한국세라믹학회 1990 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Dielectrics which do not lose their high insulation resistance in reducing atmosphere are necessary for multilayer ceramic capacitors with Ni internal electrode. In this study we investigated the Ca ion site occupancy in A-site excess Ca-doped BaTiO3 by measuring the insulation resistance, lattice constant and Curie temperature. Its Curie temperature, which was lower than that of the pure BaTiO3, was more lowered by sintering in reducing atmosphere. Lattice constnat of c-axis decreased and that of a-axis increased, suggesting substitution of Ca ions for Ti ions. Hence CaTi" acts as an acceptor to maintain high insulation resistance.ance.

폐기물의 용융처리에 의한 시멘트 원료의 합성(II)

황연,손용운,정헌생,이홍기,박현서,Hwang, Y.,Sohn, Y. U.,Chung, H. S.,Lee, H. K.,Park, H. S. 한국자원리싸이클링학회 1997 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.6 No.1

산업 폐기물의 일종인 석회석 슬러지, 폐주물사, 석탄회 및 폐유리병을 고온에서 용융 슬래그화 하여 시멘트 원료로서의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 각 폐기물을 혼합한 후 용융처리하여 얻은 용융 슬래그는 $\beta$-$C_2$S(2CaO.$SiO_2$) 및 $C_2$AS(2CaO.$Al_2$$O_3$.$SiO_2$)의 2가지 상으로 구성되어 있다. 폐기물의 용융처리시 용융온도, 냉각속도 및 염기도 등을 변화시키면서 이들 요인이 $\beta$-$C_2$S상의 생성율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시멘트 원료로서 활용이 가능한 $\beta$-$C_2$S상의 함율을 높이기 위해서는 첫째 용융온도를 낮추어 용융슬래그의 제조에 필요한 최소한의 온도에서 용융시키고, 둘째 용융물을 고온에서 급냉시키며, 셋째 낮은 염기도를 갖도록 혼합물의 조성을 조절하는 것이 필요하다. The feasibility of using the industrial inorganic waste materials such as l~mestone sludge. Soundly sand. coal fly 'ash, and chemical glasses as a raw material for cement clinker by melting treatmeut was iovestigated. The slag wh~ch is obtained from thc melts of the mixtnres of waste materials is composed of P-C,S(ZCaO - SIOJ and C,AS(ZCaO . AI,O, . SiO,) phases. The effect of melting tempcrabre, coaling condition and CIS ratio on the fo~mation of P-C,S phasc was examed. In order to obtain thc P-CiS phase which is useful in thc utilhtion as a clinkcr malcrid, it B found that sudl considerations as low melting temperature as possible of the wastc mixhire, quenching the melts and law CIS ratio of the mlxhlre are necessary.

고분해능 전자에너지손실 및 자외선광전자 분광법을 이용한 NbC(111)면의 산소흡착 연구

황연,박순자,아이자와 타카시,하야미 와타루,오타니 시게키,이시자와 요시오,Hwang, Yeon,Park, Soon-Ja,Aizawa, Takashi,Hayami, Wataru,Otani, Shigeki,Ishizawa, Yoshio 한국재료학회 1992 한국재료학회지 Vol.2 No.4

고분해능 전자에너지손실 및 자외선광전자 분광법을 사용하여 단결정 NbC(111)면의 산소횹착을 연구하였다. NbC(111) 표면에는 산소가 원자 및 분자상태로 흡착되었다. 산소원자는 3-fold hollow site에 흡착되며 진동수는 548c$m^{-1}$이었다. 산소분자의 신축진동수는 968c$m^{-1}$로서 기체상태인 산소분자의 진동수보다 크게 낮았으며, 산소분자의 흡착으로 일함수가 증가하였다. 이는 NbC(111) 기판으로부터 산소분자의 2p${pi}_g$ 궤도로 전자가 이동하였음을 보여주는 증거이다. Oxygen adsorption on the single crystal NbC(111) surface was studied by high-resolution electron energy loss and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. On the NbC(111) surface, oxygen molecules as well as oxygen atoms were adsorbed. Oxygen atoms were located at the 3-fold hollow site of the NbC(111) surface with the frequency of 548c$m^{-1}$. It was found that oxygen molecules had vibrational frequency of 968c$m^{-1}$which was much lower than that of the free oxygen molecule. Also the work function of the NbC(111) surface has increased by adsorption of oxygen molecule. These suggest electron tranfer from the NbC(111) substrate to the 2p${pi}_g$ substrate of the oxygen molecule.

석탄회를 이용한 저밀도 세라믹 담체의 제조 기구

황연,이효숙,이우철,정용대,이원권,Hwang, Yeon,Lee, Hyo-Sook,Lee, Woo-Chul,Jeong, Yong-Dae,Lee, Won-Kwon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2000 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.9 No.2

생물여과법에 의한 유해성 유기물 제거용 저밀도 담체로 사용하기 위하여 석탄회를 출발물질로 이용하여 세라믹 담체를 제조하였다. 석탄회에 기공 조절용 및 탄소함량 조절용으로 밀가루를 첨가하여 약환원성 분위기를 유지하여 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 결과 1.6~1.8 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$의 겉보기 밀도를 얻을 수 있었다. 소결 시 공기를 차단하고 급속히 승온하여 시편 조성의 일부를 환원시킴으로써 액상을 형성할 수 있었으며, 이렇게 형성된 액상은 시편의 표면부근에 폐기공을 형성하여 밀도를 낮추었다. Low density ceramic supporter was prepared by using fly ash as a starting material for the application to the biological aerated filter system. Wheat powders were used to control the porosity of the supporter and the carbon content of the raw material. Apparent density of 1.6~1.8 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$ was obtained when the fly ash was sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ in a weak reducing atmosphere. By maintaining the reducing atmosphere and sintering at a high heating rate, the liquid phase was formed from the reduced composition of fly ash. This resulted in the closed pore formation which enabled the low apparent density.

비행시간형 직충돌 이온산란 분광법을 이요한 Si(100) 면의 구조해석

황연,이태근 한국세라믹학회 2003 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.40 No.8

폐기물의 용융처리에 의한 시멘트원료의 합성

황연,손용운,정헌생,이홍기,박현서,Hwang, Yeon,Sohn, Yong-Un,Chung, Hun-Saeng,Lee, Hong-Ki,Park, Hyun-Suh 한국자원리싸이클링학회 1996 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.5 No.1

석회석슬럿지, 폐주물사, 석탄회 및 폐유리병 등의 산업폐기물을 용융처리하여 시멘트 클링커 상의 일부인 $C_2$S(2CaO.$SiO_2$)를 얻고, 폐기물 원료의 배합비율을 변화시킬 때 각 폐기물의 최종 생성물에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 일정한 염기도를 갖도록 혼합된 폐기물을 $1370^{\circ}C$에서 용융 처리한 결과 $\beta$-C$_2$S 및 $C_2$AS(2CaO.$Al_2$$O_3$.$SiO_2$)상으로 이루어진 용융물을 얻을 수 있었고, 2가지 상의 분율은 폐기물 원료의 조합방법에 따라 변하였다. 직교배열표를 이용하여 각 폐기물의 함량이 최종 용융물의 상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, $\beta$-$C_2$S 상의 분율을 증가시키기 위해서는 석탄회의 함량을 감소시키고 폐유리병의 함량을 증가시켜야 함이 밝혀졌다. 분산분석을 행한 결과 석탄회의 함량조절이 최종 용융물의 상을 조절하는데 있어서 가장 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있었다. CZS(2Ca0 , SiO\ulcorner) phase of cement clinkcr was obtaincd by melting mixcd four indnstrial wasles of limestone sludge, waste Foundry sand, coal lly ash fiorn power plants and chernicas glasses. The effect ot mixing ratio of four rvastc mater~als ou the composnlg phascs in melled slag was investigated. Thc mixed wastes were meltcd to slag by heat under a constant basicity at 1370C. The shg consisted of p -CIS and C,AS(2CaO - A I P , . SiO,). The ratio of two phases was varied with mixing ~atioo f the waste materials. In order Lo increasc the amount ot j -C2S phase, the coal fly ash content should be reduced, while amount of the chemical glass be increased. The coal fly ash contcnt was the most imporlant factor in controlling phases of thc melted-slag.