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일반 고체지와 저트랜스 고체지를 이용한 베이커리 제품의 특성 비교
황부연,김유미,이기택,Hwang, Pu-Yeon,Kim, Yu-Mi,Lee, Ki-Teak 동아시아식생활학회 2007 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.17 No.1
Breads and cookies made with conventional or low-trans fat(margarine and shortening) were analyzed by determining their trans fat content, textural properties and color values after production. The trans fatty acids content in conventional margarine was three times higher than that of low-trans margarine. Moreover, the content of trans fatty acids in the conventional shortening was 49 times higher than that of low-trans shortening. The trans fatty acid contents of cookies and breads made with low-trans fat, can be reduced more than 2 to 75 times compared to cookies and breads made with conventional fat. In the produced cookies and breads, the color values and textural properties(hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) did not differ significantly when the conventional fat or low-trans fat was used.
'Wait-time' 이론이 초등학생의 과학교육에 미치는 영향
황부연,한안진 한국초등과학교육학회 1999 초등과학교육 Vol.18 No.2
It is important that the teacher, in an inquiry learning gives his student sufficient thinking time regarding the teacher's question and the child's response. In an inquiry learning, it is essential that children should have an enough time to understand question fully and find out correct answers. The purpose of this study is to investigate an effect of science teaching, when Wait-time theory is applied, on the scholastic and thinking ability, thinking trend and scientific attitudes of elementary children. We could draw several meaningful conclusions from the study concerned with improving the effect of science teaching that changed from teacher centered teaching to children centered one.
황부연 ( Hwang Boo Yun ),김에스라 ( Kim Ezra ),유호열 ( Yoo Ho Yeol ) 한국세계지역학회 2017 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.35 No.1
본 연구는 피셔-유리(Fisher-Ury)의 협상전략이론을 분석틀로 활용하여 그동안 진행 되어온 북미 핵협상에서 북한과 미국의 협상 전략을 분석하고자 한다. 협상전략이론의 관점에서 북한은 초기부터 경성입장의 일관된 핵협상 전략을 추구해 오고 있다. 북한이 미국의 협상전략 변화에 맞추어 협상 전략을 조금씩 수정하여 협상에 임하는 것으로 보이지만, 기본적으로 경성입장의 협상전략을 일관되게 유지해 오고 있는 것이다. 반면 또 다른 협상 상대자인 미국은 북한의 협상 행태보다는 협상의 주체인 미국 행정부의 협상 전략 기조에 따라 경성입장과 원칙협상 전략을 적절히 혼합하여 구사하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 향후 북핵 협상은 경성입장 협상전략을 구사하는 북한에 대한 미국의 협상전략이 향방을 좌우하게 될 것이다. 자신의 입장을 완강하게 고수하면서 상대방의 일방적인 양보를 통해 협상에서 승리하기를 원하는 일관된 경성입장 협상전략으로는 기존의 협상결과를 답습하게 될 수밖에 없다. 그러므로 미국은 경성입장과 원칙협상을 병행하여 북한의 위협을 최대한 억제하고 원칙협상 전략을 확대하여 북한이 경성입장 협상전략으로부터 탈피하도록 유도하여 협상을 진전시켜야 할 것이다. This paper is to analyze the nuclear program negotiation strategies under the U.S. and North Korea in the theoretical framework of Fisher-Ury negotiation strategy Model. In this study, we can find that from the beginning, North Korea has been conducting Hard negotiation strategy toward its nuclear program issue. It is true that North Korea has been slightly revised its negotiation strategy depends on the changing of the U.S. negotiation strategy, but basically, it has been pursed Hard positional negotiation strategy. On the other hand, the U.S., it has been properly conducting both Hard positional negotiation strategy and Principled negotiation strategy toward North Korea`s nuclear issue. It is not affected by North Korea`s negotiation strategy and its behavior as well, but it could be affected by each administration`s North Korea policy. Moreover, the U.S. negotiation strategy will be more influential to make better result on the negotiation of the North Korean nuclear program. Hard positional negotiation strategy, it only highlights its own perspective and force other side to make concession for its victory over the negotiation. It cannot make an appropriate result and also it just repeats former failure negotiation. Therefore, on the perspective of the U.S., based on combine of Hard positional and Principled negotiation strategy, it should restrain the threat from North Korea. And through the expansion of conducting the Principled negotiation strategy, the U.S. should motivate North Korea to come back to the negotiation table and lead them to escape from the Hard positional negotiation strategy.