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朝鮮 後期 富農住居의 建築特性에 관한 연구 : 全北地方 地住型 富農家를 中心으로
洪升在 圓光大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.31 No.2
조선 후기 향촌사회의 지배층이었던 富農들은 크게 두가지 계층으로 구분할 수 있다. 하나는 封建的 地主의 성격을 띈 地主型 富農層과 다른 하나는 조선 후기에 농업기술의 발달에 따른 생산력의 증가와 상업적 농업경영을 통해서 부를 축적하여 새롭게 상류층의 일원이 되는 富農層들이다. 그들은 가사생활에 있어서 농업경영이 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하여 前代의 유교적 실천윤리를 절대이념으로 하던 사대부의 생활과는 차이가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 사회, 경제적 변화에 따른 생활상의 변화와 농업경영방식의 변화 등이 조선 후기 부농층의 주거에 어떻게 수용 변화되는지를 사대부 주택과 비교 고찰하고자 하였다. 조선 후기에 건립된 전북지방의 地主型 富農層를 대상으로 조사 분석하였으며, 이 주거들은 사대부 주거의 공간적 특성을 비교적 유지하는 가운데 실생활에 맞춘 합리적인 배치 및 평면구조의 변화를 보여줌으로써 전통주거의 근대화 과정을 살필수 있었다. The aim of this study is to find the transition phenomenon of the upper class residence according to socio-economic changes in the last half of Choson Dynasty. In the last half of Choson Dynasty the socio-economics changes such as the changes in land-ownerships, cultivating system, house management system etc. have influenced the housing life patterns of upper classes. There are two classes in the rich-farmers of late Choson Dynasty. Each classes have different housing life patterns based on different their orign and agricultural management system. Through this study, I could find the rational changes of site planning and plan layout which are the representative symptom of the autogenous modernization of the traditional residences.
홍승재,방준하 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2
Various methods for Optical Fourier Surfaces have been proposed to develop augmented reality (AR) applying diffractive optics. The process of lithographic photochemical reactions and etching is one of the currently dominating methods for manufacturing OFSs but digitalized binary reliefs fabricated through this process are not close to the ideal surface profile of OFSs. While scanning probe lithography (SPL) is an exceptional method that can mimic the ideal surface profile of OFSs, the pattern generated via SPL is confined to a relatively small area due to the serial steps of fabrication, which also requires to use of unnecessary or impractical Fourier Spectrum. In order to overcome these limitations, this article suggests a redesigned prototype for the low-cost, large-area, and rapid OFSs fabrication. Numerical design, material optimization, and proper optical processing are integratively discussed to substantiate the performance and quality of the newly developed OFSs.
홍승재,이명관,Hong, Seung-Jai,Yee, Myoung-Kwan 한국건축역사학회 1998 건축역사연구 Vol.7 No.4
This is a study on the ㄱ-shaped church in Korean Protestant churches. Since the Protestantism had been introduced into Korea, the style of ㄱ-shaped church was the popular style that have been fashioned in all the country of Korea. When the Protestantism was introduced into Korea, ideology which ruled over the Society of Chosun Dynasty was the Confucianism that emphasized the precepts, for example, the loyalty for the King, distinction between the sexes and so on. The Korean Protestants built the church which had ㄱ-shaped plan, so that they solved the second problem : 'distinction between the sexes'. The style of the ㄱ-shaped church is one of the characteristics which distinguish the Korean church from other nations'. Actually the ㄱ-shaped churches had been built by Korean Protestant denominations, from the early days of introducing the Protestantism till the end of 1920's. Even though most of the style of the ㄱ-shaped church is replaced with the modern style according to the extension of religious influence, luckily the ㄱ-shaped two churches : Kumsan Church(1908), Toodong Church(1929) are in existence in the Provice of ChonBuk. The purpose of this study is to make the architectural characteristics of the ㄱ-shaped church clear. This study is based on the actual survey of the ㄱ-shaped churches in existence: Kumsan Church, the Toodong Church and on the documents, photographs, interviews and so on for investigation not existing one now. The ㄱ-shaped church have the plan to separate men's side from women's with a right angle and have a pulpit which was placed at the meeting point of the front part of men's and women's sides. Generally, seen from the court, the churches have men's side in left and women's one in right. There was a screen blocking both sides in the church. But it disappeared in 1920's according to the change of the social conventionality. Most of its structural form is the Korean wooden style. The ㄱ-shaped church appeared in a transition period of the Korean church architecture.