해방 공간 강성갑의 기독교 사회운동 연구

홍성표(Hong Seong-Pyo) 한국기독교역사연구소 2016 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.- No.45

1920~30년대 한국교회는 어려운 농촌의 현실에 주목하고, 덴마크의 그룬트비의 영향을 받아 농촌운동을 전개했다. 이러한 한국교회의 농촌운동은 일제의 탄압과 교회내부의 보수적 신앙인의 반대로 1930년대 말에 막을 내렸다. 일제로부터 해방된 후에도 농촌문제는 새로운 나라를 세우기 위해 우선적으로 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제였으나, 해방 공간에서 한국교회의 농촌운동 사례를 찾기는 쉽지 않다. 강성갑은 해방 공간에서 이러한 농촌문제를 해결하기 위해 경상남도 진영에서 한얼중학교를 설립하는 등 기독교 사회운동에 앞장섰다. 강성갑은 1912년 경남 의령에서 출생하였고, 연희전문 문과와 도시샤대학 신학과를 졸업하였다. 1943년 경남노회에서 목사안수를 받았으며, 1946년 4월 진영교회 담임목사로 부임하여 목회활동과 함께 기독교 사회운동을 전개하다가 한국전쟁 중에 ‘공산주의자’로 몰려 총살당했다. 이 사건은 소위 진영사건으로 알려져 있는데, 재판을 통해 한국전쟁 당시 민간인 학살 가해자를 처음으로 처벌한 사건이었다. 강성갑의 경우에는 가해자를 처벌한 재판과 추모동상 제막식이라는 공적 행사를 통해 그의 억울한 죽음이 밝혀지고 명예가 회복되었으나 여전히 ‘공산주의자’로 몰려 가족들은 커다란 고통을 겪어야 했다. 강성갑은 덴마크 그룬트비의 사상에 영향을 받았으며 이를 실천했다. 복음중등공민학교를 설립하여 기독교 사회운동을 시작하였으며, 진영교회 및 지역사회와 함께 1948년, ‘하나님을 사랑하자, 이웃을 사랑하자, 흙을 사랑하자’라는 ‘삼애정신’을 교훈으로 하는 한얼중학교를 설립하고 농촌의 인재를 양성하였다. 강성갑의 한얼중학교 설립은, 해방 후 모든 것이 부족했으나 새로운 나라를 세우고자 하는 열의로 농촌의 교육을 위해 강성갑과 진영교회와 진영의 지역사회가 합심하여 열악한 조건을 극복하고 대안을 만들어간 기독교 사회운동의 모범적인 사례였다. The Korean churches, paying attention to harsh realities in 1920s and 1930s, carried on the rural movement influenced by Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig. This movement of Korean churches had to come to an end in the end of 1930s however, because of Japanese oppression and the opposition forces of conservative believers inside the church. After the liberation from Japanese rule, the rural movement was still the first priority task to solve to build a new nation, though it is not easy to find the cases of rural movement by Korean churches in the Post-Liberation Period. Kang Seong-Gab pioneered in Christian social movements to resolve these rural problems, as an example, he established Haneul Middle School in JinYoung Gyeongsangnam-do. Kang Seong-Gab was born in 1912 in Uiryeong Gyeongsangnam-do and completed liberal arts course in Yonhi College and studied theology and graduated from Doshisha University. In 1943 he was ordained as a minister by Gyeongnam presbytery, then started his ministry as the pastor in charge at JinYoung Church in April 1946. He developed Christian social movements while he was in ministry, then he was wrongfully charged as a communist he was shot to death during Korean War. This incident is known as JinYoung slaughter, which was the first time to punish the perpetrators of civilian massacre at the trial during the Korean War. The trial to punish the perpetrators and the official dedication of memorial statue revealed his wrongful death and recovered his reputation, but his family had to suffer a great pain since Kang Seong-Gab was still regarded as a ‘communist.’ The philosophy of Danish Grundtvig influenced Kang Seong-Gab and made him to put the philosophy into practice. He started Christian socialist movements by establishing Bogeum(Gospel) Civic School, and together with JinYoung Church and the regional community he established Haneul Middle School in 1948 to start educating people in rural area. The school motto was ‘Love God, love neighbor, and love land.’ The establishment of Haneul Middle School by Kang Seong-Gab was the model case of Christian social movement, even though everything was short in supply after the Liberation, together with JinYoung Church and the regional community having enthusiasm to rebuild new nation, that they made up of an alternative plan to overcome the appalling conditions to educate the rural area.

서양중세사의 연구동향과 중등학교 교육과정

洪成杓(Hong Seong-pyo) 역사교육연구회 1999 역사교육 Vol.72 No.-

계산 그리드를 이용한 백엔드 서버의 계산시간 단축 방안

홍성표,한승조,Hong, Seong-Pyo,Han, Seung-Jo 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.12

RFID 시스템에서 사용자의 프라이버시를 보호하기 위해서는 기밀성, 불구분성, 전방 보안성 등의 3가지 필수 보안 요건을 만족시키는 프라이버시 보호 프로토콜이 필요하다. Ohkubo et. al[2]가 제안한 Hash-Chain 기반 프로토콜은 기존에 제안된 프로토콜 중에서 필수 보안 요건을 만족하는 안전한 RFID 프라이버시 보호 프로토콜이나, 백엔드 서버에서 태그를 판별하는 시간이 매우 길다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Hash-Chain 기반 프로토콜의 안전성은 그대로 유지하면서 백엔드 서버에서 태그를 판별하는데 걸리는 계산 시간을 단축하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 Hash-Chain 기반 프로토콜 기법보다 백엔드 서버에서의 계산 시간을 현저하게 단축시키는 결과를 보여준다. We need privacy protection protocols, that satisfy three essential security requirements; confidentiality, indistinguishability and forward security, in order to protect user's privacy in RFID system. The hash-chain based protocol that Ohkubo et. al proposed is the most secure protocol, that satisfies all of the essential security requirements, among existing protocols. But, this protocol has a disadvantage that it takes very long time to identify a tag in the back-end server. In this paper, we propose a scheme to keep security just as it is and to reduce computation time for identifying a tag in back-end server. The proposed scheme shows the results that the identification time in back-end server is reduced considerably compared to the hash-chain based protocol.

윌리엄 월레스와 스코틀랜드의 독립 전쟁

홍성표 ( Seong Pyo Hong ) 한국서양중세사학회 2008 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.22

흘러가는 역사 속에 빛나는 중세

홍성표,Hong, Seong-Pyo 대한출판문화협회 1999 출판저널 Vol.258 No.-

英國 封建社會 構造와 女性의 不平等論

洪成杓(Hong Seong Pyo) 역사교육연구회 1994 역사교육 Vol.56 No.-

14세기 초 영국에서의 범죄 실태와 그 처벌 : 폭행사건을 중심으로

洪成杓(Hong Seong-Pyo) 역사교육연구회 2003 역사교육 Vol.88 No.-

The objective of this article is to search the answers of the following questions. First, who did commit assault, men or women? Did men commit mainly outrage or women did? And why? Second, what did make use of instrument to commit violence? Third, how did put on trial to a criminal suspect for assault? Fourth, what is social viewpoint about assault. How can village or town community prevent assault? Did they enforce system to prevent assault? In order to explain the answers of all these questions, I study Calendar of Patent Rolls and Wakefield Court Rolls(1279~1347), which is court record of Wakefield manor in Yorkshire. I analyze 369 cases and I can finally reach to the following conclusions. According to Professor Barbara A. Hanawalt, crime increased during the Great Famine(1315~1317). Her contention is right, but the crime, which is related to assault, did not only increase because of the Great Famine. During that period, King Edward invaded Scotland for several years. From every point of view, we must trace the origins of increase of crime in the early fourteenth century England. Many persons, several men or women, used violence to one or a few persons on the whole. And assault related to plunder a person of his/her goods, especially com and livestock. Contrary to expectations of professor Barbara A. Hanawalt, I can find that women participated in assault is more small in number than men, but it is not different the method of assault between men and women. Assault did not occur between collateral relation but chiefly appeared between non-blood relation. Because of the king"s peace and the common welfare, an offender of assault was chiefly punished by a fine from 6 pence to 12 pence. By the way it is not different to be fined for doing assault between men and women. The main function of the frankpledge system was to provide mutual surety as well as crime prevention. Each frankpledge unit was divided into a number of tithings which were intended to contain ten men. With respect to one who has taken to flight, careful inquiry must be made as to whether he is to enter a tithing or not. If every tithings are not inspected by sheriff twice a year, the tithings will be amerced before the justices for not producing the said malefactor for trial. By this system, we can understand how medieval English tithings make efforts for the prevention of criminal offences and social disorder.

반역법의 강화와 사회적 변화 -에드워드 왕들의 통치기를 중심으로-

홍성표 ( Seong Pyo Hong ) 충북대학교 사학회 2010 忠北史學 Vol.25 No.-

For Glanvill the law of treason was a mixture of Roman and Germanic ideas. The great influence of treason act was the writing of Bracton. In the matter of procedure to be employed in cases of treason, Bracton supplemented Glanvill. In the reign of the king Edwards, England suffered considerably as a result of their military involvements. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, king Edwards` subjects represented themselves as oppressed, and the country as impoverished as a result of the way in which men, money and supplies had been raised for war. Expensive as the conquest of Wales was, far more was spent on the wars with France and Scotland in the king Edwards reign. What could be done? King Edwards could revive their feudal rights to aids and could levy tallage on their demesnes. English trade could be exploited by means of heavier customs duties. While the war in Scotland and France remained popular, king Edwards could rely on the military support of many of the magnates and clergy. But king Edwards could not abandon the war in Scotland. And added to all the problems inherited from Edward I was one new one, that of the king`s relationship with magnates. The costs of the campaigns made the crown increasingly dependent on the grant of taxation by its subjects. The demands made for military service, for money and for goods prompted political opposition. The treason under the first two Edwards was then the development of conviction on the king`s record. King Edwards` intent was primarily to extend treason for political purposes. From the succession of Edward III the use of the king`s record in trials of treason disappeared save where the crime was one of fighting the king in open war. So enactment of the treason act of 1352 was derived from arbitrary punishments which hadruined so many noble families in the reign of Edward II. But the king was never restricted to direct relations only with his tenants-in-chief. Ultimately everybody owed their service and an overriding obligation of allegiance to the king himself. In this circumstances, contents of the treason act of king Edwards was strengthened. So we can assert that the English social structure in the reign of king Edwards was Bastard Feudalism.

물 마시는 능력 검사 기능성 소화불량증과 건강 대조군에서의 관찰

홍성표 ( Hong Seong Pyo ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2003 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.9 No.2

IEEE 802.1x EAP-TLS 인증 메커니즘 기반 Wireless LAN 시스템

홍성표,한승조,Hong, Seong-Pyo,Han, Seung-Jo 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.9

IEEE 802.1x는 802.11b의 사용자 인증 취약성을 보완한 프레임워크로, EAP를 통해 다양한 사용자 인증 메커니즘을 지원하지만 인증 프로토콜의 구조적 원인에 의한 서비스 거부 공격(DoS)과 AP에 대한 인증 및 암호 메커니즘의 부재로 세션 하이재킹 및 중간자 공격(MiM) 등에 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.1x 프레임워크의 보안 취약성을 보완하여 안전한 통신을 제공하는 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안 시스템은 공개키 암호 기술을 이용하여 무선랜 사용자 및 AP, 인증서버간의 상호인증을 수행함으로써 제3자가 무선랜 사용자, AP 또는 인증서버 등으로 위장하여 통신에 개입하는 것을 방지한다. 또한 동적 키 분배를 통해 사용자와 AP간의 안전한 암호통신을 제공한다. The IEEE 802.1x standard provides an architectural framework which can be used various authentication methods. But, IEEE 802.1x also has vulnerabilities about the DoS(Denial of Service), the session hijacking and the MiM(Man in the Middle) attack due to caused by structural of authentication protocol. In this paper, we propose a WLAN system which can offer safety communication by complement of IEEE 802.1x vulnerabilities. The WLAN system accomplishes mutual authentications between authentication servers, clients and the AP using PKI and prevents an illegal user from intervening in communication to disguise oneself as a client, the AP or authentication servers. Also, we guarantee the safety of the communication by the Dynamic WEP key distribution between clients and the AP.