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홍성구 역사교육학회 2009 역사교육논집 Vol.42 No.-
The Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 became the opportunity that Jušen (Manju) was able to perceive Japan before the Qing dynasty's entry into the Shanhai pass (山海關) in 1644. After Houjin (Qing)'s two invasions of Korea in 1627 and 1636, the Qing dynasty was trying to establish a relation with Japan to introduce a new weapon, the fowling piece. They also were trying to create the favorable international political environment in the situation that had Qing confronting with Ming. At that time, Korea was requested to mediate the relationship between Qing and Japan. After the Qing dynasty's entry into the Shanhai pass, they were trying to build a new Qing-centered world order. Japan was also asked to be incorporated into this new order. But this was still indirect contact that Korea intervened, as well as the Qing dynasty could not aggressively try to establish a relation with Japan because of the embargo on overseas trade (海禁) to suppress the anti-Qing movement. In addition, the Japanese government took a negative attitude to the establishment of relation with Qing. After suppressing the anti-Qing movement of Zheng's forces (鄭氏勢力) in 1683, the Qing dynasty attempted to establish contact with Japan for trade, but the Japanese government still had a negative attitude about the establishment of official relations. Nevertheless, the informal civil trade between Qing and Japan was developing because Qing had to import the copper from Japan for its monetary policy and the Qing imperial family finance was invested in the copper trade as well. Therefore, Qing and Japan were placed in a inseparable economical relationship. From this time, the Japanese government adopted a new trade policy that issued the trade permit to the civil merchants of Qing and Japanese reign title was used in. Because of this policy, the trade order of the two nations was practically under Japan's thumb.
바이오매스 부존특성을 고려한 농촌지역 바이오에너지 보급전략
홍성구,Hong, Seong-Gu 한국농공학회 2008 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.50 No.4
Unit costs for energy production in bioenergy facilities are dependent upon both fixed cost for facility construction and operational costs including biomass feedstock supply. With the increase of capacity, unit fixed cost could be decreased while supply cost tends to increase due to the longer transportation distance. It is desirable to take into account biomass availability in planning bioenergy facilities. A cumulative curve relationship was proposed to relate biomass availability and cumulative products of biomass amount and transportation distance. Optimum size of gasification facilities was affected by collection cost, biomass cumulative relationship. Based on biomass availability of Icheon-City, optimum sizes were about $400kW_{th}$ for gas production, and about $200kW_{el}$ for power generation. Unit cost of bioenergy production could be substantially reduced by reducing collection cost through supplying biomass from diverse sources including land development areas where significant amount of waste wood is generated. When planning bioenergy facilities, however, biomass availability and spatial distribution are key factors in determining the size of capacity.
수리모형 실험에 의한 선박 부착형 오탁방지막의 거동특성 구명
홍성구,강구,Hong, Seong Gu,Kang, Ku 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.54 No.6
Silt curtains are constructed for minimizing pollution of sediment dispersion in water bodies. In spite of wide uses of the silt curtains, there are few studies for analyzing the effectiveness of them with respect to their dimension and hydraulic characteristics. Currently, the market of silt curtains does not provide the various dimension of them due to the limit of information regarding its effectiveness on reducing sediment pollution. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate hydraulic characteristics around the silt curtains under the different flow conditions. For this study, a silt curtain was fabricated and an open channel with 30cm of width and 40cm of depth was used. The results indicated that the silt curtain was not effective in preventing dispersion at flow velocities over 0.5m/s in real conditions. Based on the experimental results, it is required that approaching velocity should be minimized and the weight of bottom be increased in order to reduce deformation. The results of this study will provide information required to design appropriate dimension of silt curtains in various water environment such as velocity and water depths.